英语：高考名词性从句课件.ppt

NOUNCLAUSE,在一个句子中，名词能作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。当我们在一个句子中用一个句子来担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语时，这个句子就叫做主语从句、或宾语从句、或表语从句、或同位语从句。这些从句的统称为名词性从句。,一、名词性从句的引导词有：,任何一种从句都必须由一个引导词来引导。引导名词性从句的引导词在语法上称为连接词。而连接词又根据它们在句子中的不同作用又被划分为：连接词连接代词连接副词.,连接词：that、if、whether连接代词：who、whose、what、which连接副词：when、where、why、how、howlong,二、各种连接词的用法：连接词that、whether、if不在它们引导的主语从句中充当句子成分。注：whether引导主语从句时，既可以直接位于句首，也可以位于句末；if引导主语从句时只能用于it作形式主语的从句中。whether可以与ornot连用，if则不行.2.连接代词who、whose、what、which等都在句子中担当一个句子成分。比如：主语、宾语、定语等等。3.连接副词when、where、how、howlong等分别在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等等。,1._hewillcometothediscussioniscertain.2._Ilikebestisabook.3._Ilikethebookbestisknowntoeveryone.4._shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyearmovesusall.5._puzzledthepolicespeciallywashowthemurderdied.6._surprisedmemostwas_shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyear.,1/.区别what与that,thebook,That,What,That,That,What,What,that,theoldpatient,2/.区别whether与if,1._weneeditisadifferentmatter.A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.If2.Itisadifferentmatter_weneedit.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.what3.Itdoesntmatter_weneeditornot.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD./4.Ishalltellhimthetruth,_.A.whetherhelikesitornotB.nomatterhelikesitornotC.whetherornothelikesD.nomatterhowlikesit,1/.whether引导主语从句时，既可以直接位于句首，也可以位于句末；if引导主语从句时只能用于it作形式主语的从句中。一般说来whether可以与ornot连用，if则不行。,A,B,C,A,A,1.Thequestion_weneedithasnotbeendecided.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether2.Fathermadeapromise_Ipassedtheexamhewouldbuymeabicycle.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif3.Theyareinvestigatingthequestion_themanistrustworthy.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.thatif,2/.whether引导的从句可以作名词的同位语，if则不行。,D,D,C,1.Iworryabout_Ihurtherfeelings.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether2.Italldependson_theywillsupportus.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether,D,3/.whether引导的从句可以充当介词宾语，if则不行。,D,1._hecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontimeA.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether,4/.whether引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”；“不论”，不能由if取代。,D,who:谁whoever：无论是谁what:“的东西（事情）”或“什么”，相当于allthat。whatever：无论的东西（事情）等。Which：哪一个whichever：无论哪一个When:什么时候whenever：无论什么时候Where：哪里；什么地方wherever：无论什么地方,同位语从句,同位语从句跟在某些名词，如：idea,news,promise,fact、thought、reply、report、question、hope、word、suggestion、doubt等，的后面,用来表示它们的具体内容,引导词有连词that,副词how,when,where等。,1.Ihavenoideathathehasalreadygoneabroad.2.Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheentranceexaminationmadeherparentsveryhappy.3.Thetexttellsusafactthatsmokingdoesgreatharmtopeopleshealth.4.IhavenoideawhenJackwillbeback.5.Hecantanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别:,1.同位语从句中，that是连词，不充当成分。2.定语从句中，that起连接作用外，还充当成分。3.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，定语从句与前面的名词是所属关系，起修饰作用。4.同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，定语从句中，作宾语时，常可省略。,1.Weexpressedthehope(that)theyhadexpressed.我们表达了他们曾经表示的那种希望。（定语从句）2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）,1.Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsdontpayanyattentiontohandwriting.2.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.3.Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue.4.Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople5.Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.6.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.7.Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.8.Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.,(同),(同),(同),(同),(定),(同),(定),(定),三、that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。,1.Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.（Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailureisquiteclear.）2.Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.（Thatyoushouldhavetoleaveisapity.）,用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下几种不同的搭配关系：,a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显Itisstrangethat奇怪Itisnaturalthat是很自然的。,1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)unitewithallthatcanbeunited.2.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.3.Itisimportantthatthestudents(should)pronounceeverywordcorrectly.4.Itisnaturalthathe(should)changehismind.,b.1/.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定,1.ItisthoughtthatJoedrivesbadly.2.ItwaswellknownthatNapoleonalwaysaskedthesamethreequestions,andusuallyinthesameorder.3.Itiswidelybelievedthatthemoreyoulearn,themorelikelyyouwillwin.4.Itisknowntoallthathehasgotmanystampsofaparticularkind.,2/.ItissuggestedthatItisorderedthatItisrequestedthatItisproposedthat,1.Itisrequestedthattheyshouldperformanceattheparty.2.Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.,c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itisapitythat令人遗憾的是Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是,1.Itsapitythathehasmadesuchamistake.2.Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.,d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,1.IthappenedthatMathildemetwithJeanneintheparkinParisaftertenyears.2.Itdoesntappearthat