高三英语阅读理解能力

题型训练-阅读理解,ErinHE,一考查的内容：本部分测试考生理解关于一般性话题的英语简短文章的能力”（具体），强调“一般性话题”和“简短文章”，暗示选材不会超越中学生应有的知识涵盖面。,二考查的目的1.这个题型集中、全面地考查考生从阅读中准确获取信息的能力，2.强调考生对语篇的整体把握能力，3.对语言文化因素的运用能力和解决实际问题的能力。,三试题的类型1.客观性试题一般要求考生通过扫读全文或细读文章的某个部分，从而获得解题所需要的信息。（考题中的细节题）2.主观性试题要求考生透过文章的字面信息进行分析、归纳、推理或想象，如对作者的写作意图，人物性格特征、行为动机，事件的前因后果、故事的发展走向，文章的中心思想等作出合理判断。（考题中的主旨大意题，篇章结构题，写作的目的和对象，以及猜词义和句义题）,四题目的类型,1.主旨归纳题1）主题型主旨归纳题2）作者意图类的主旨归纳题3）标题类主旨归纳题,主旨归纳题答题要诀,1.善用寻读法，找准主题句1)读首句抓大意（这些文章开门见山提出主题，随之用细节来解释或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。在说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道多采用这种格式）2）读尾句抓大意（这类文章通常先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，在表述细节后归纳要点，最后自然地得出结论，即段落的主题）3）从段落中抓大意（此类文章往往以一句或几句话来表达主题，在主题句出现后，再举例陈述细节或继续论证，即引题主题思想解释或继续论证）4）归纳要点抓大意（文章没有明确的主题句，考生必须根据文章的内容，进行综合分析，找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。这类文章通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实.),2.推理判断题,正确理解作者的观点、立场和寓意纵观全文、看清文章机构、抓住细节、周密分析、合理推断作选择时要使你所选答案与作者的立场保持一致。这也是一条原则,3.词义理解的解决方法,根据定义和解释来猜测词义根据同义、反义、同等、同位、对等关系猜测词义据因果关系和上下文猜测词义,4.细节题,steps,1.每段的topicsentence2.总结mainidea,style,structure3.浓缩mainidea,选择tiltle体会作者的purpose，attitude,forwhom4.解决detail与whole的关系（段落中）准确理解所猜newwords与sentence的意思,Threeyearsago,fiveparrotsweresetfreeinawildplaceofArizona,thousandsofmilesfromtheChannelIsIandsinJerseywheretheyhadbeenlookedafterbyzookeepers.NoevolutionarystrategiesinformedthemhowtobehaveinthisnewIandscapeofmountainouspineforestunoccupiedbytheirkindfor50years.Totheresearcherssurprise,theyfailedtomakecontactwithagroupofwildparrotsimportedfromMexicoandsetfreeatthesametime.Within24hoursthereintroducingendedinfailure,andthepoorbirdswerebackincages,ontheirwaytothesafetyoftheArizonareintroductionprogramme.Eversincethen,theprogrammehasenjoyedgreatsuccess,mainlybecausethebirdsnowbeingsetfreeareMexicanbirdsillegallycaughtinthewild,confiscated(没收)onarrivalnorthoftheborder,andraisedbytheirparentsinthesafetyoftheprogramme.Theexperienceshowshowlittleweknowaboutthebehaviourandpsychology(心理)ofparrots,asPeterBennett,abirdresearcher,pointsout:”Reintroducingspeciesofhighintelligencelikeparrotsisalotmoredifficult.Peoplelikeparrots,alwaystreatingthemasnothingmorethanpetsorvaluablecollectables.”,Nowthatmanyspeciesofparrotareinimmediatedangerofdyingout,biologistsareworkingtogethertostudythenaturalhistoryandthebehaviourofthisfamilyofbirds.Lastyearwasanimportantturningpoint:conservationistsfoundedtheWorldParrotTrust,basedatHayleinCornwall,tosupportresearchintobothwildandcagedbirds.Researchonparrotsisvitalfortworeasons.First,astheArizonaprogrammeshowed,whenreintroducingparrotstothewild,weneedtobeawareofwhatthebirdsmustknowiftheyaretosurviveintheirnaturalhome.Wealsoneedtolearnmoreabouttheneedsofparrotskeptaspets,particularlyastheTrustscampaigndoesnotattempttodiscouragethepractice,butratherurgespeoplewhobuyparrotsaspetstochoosebirdsraisedbyhumans.,STEPSI.Topicsentenceofeachparagraph:,1.thereintroducingendedinfailure,andthepoorbirdswerebackincages.(段中）2.Theexperienceshowshowlittleweknowaboutthebehaviourandpsychology(心理)ofparrots.（段中）3.biologistsareworkingtogethertostudythenaturalhistoryandthebehaviourofthisfamilyofbirds.（段首）4.Researchonparrotsisvitalfortworeasons.（段首）,II,Mainidea:几年前，人们将几只笼养的鹦鹉放归自然，但由于这些鹦鹉难以适应野外生活，又飞回了他们的笼子里。这一现象引起人们的关注，我们应该对它们的行为和心理有更多的了解。Style:expositionStructure:1.由实验引出一个现象2.分析实验失败的原因3.这个试验的必要性4.建议人们应该怎么做,III,1.写作目的通常有以下三种：娱乐读者说服读者接受某种观点告知读者某些信息,2.FORWHOMTHISPASSAGEIS?,IV,Therelationshipbetweeneachparagraphorinoneparagraph:,55.Whatdoweknowabouttheareawherethefiveparrotswerereintroduced?A.Itslandscapeisnewtoparrotsoftheirkind.B.Itusedtobehometoparrotsoftheirkind.C.Itisclosetowheretheyhadbeenkept.D.Pinetreeswereplantedtoattractbirds.,对原文句子的同义重复NoevolutionarystrategiesinformedthemhowtobehaveinthisnewIandscapeofmountainouspineforestunoccupiedbytheirkingfor50years.,IV,56.Thereintroducingexperiencethreeyearsagoshowsthatman-raisedparrots_.A.canfindtheirwaybackhomeinJerseyB.areunabletorecognizetheirparentsC.areunabletoadapttothewildD.canproduceanewspecies,正确选项的特征就是对原文相关信息的同义重复，分别有词汇、句子或词句之间等不同层面的重复Totheresearcherssurprise,theyfailedtomakecontactwithagroupofwildparrotsimportedfromMexicoandsetfreeatthesametime.,IV,57.Whyareresearchesonparrotsimportantaccordingtothepassage?A.TheTrustshowsgreatconcernfortheprogramme.B.WeneedtoknowsmoreabouthowtopreserveparrotsC.Manypeopleareinterestedincollectingparrots.D.Parrotsintelligencemaysomedaybenefitpeople,正确选项的特征就是对原文相关信息的同义重复，分别有词汇、句子或词句之间等不同层面的重复第4段ResearchonparrotsisvitalIMPORTANTfortworeasons。First,astheArizonaprogrammeshowed,whenreintroducingparrotstothewild,weneedtobeawareofwhatthebirdsmustknowiftheyaretosurviveintheirnaturalhome.,IV,58.Accordingtothepassage,pepleareadvised_.A.totreatwildandcagedparrotsequallyBtosetupcmfortablehomesforparrotsC.nottokeepwildparrotsaspetsD.nottoletmoreparrotsgotothewild,第4段最后一句Wealsoneedtolearnmoreabouttheneedsofparrotskeptaspets(主句）,particularlyastheTrustscampaigndoesnotattempttodiscouragethepractice,butratherurgespeople（whobuyparrotsaspets）tochoosebirdsraisedbyhumans（从句）.理解长难句,PRACTICE,WhenIwassevenmyfathergavemeaTimex,myfirstwatch.Ilovedit,woreitforyears,andhaventhadanotheronesinceitstoppedtickingadecadeago.Why?BecauseIdontneedone.IhaveamobilephoneandImalwaysnearsomeonewithaniPodorsomethinglikethat.Allthesedevices(装置)tellthetime-whichiswhy,ifyoulookaround,youllseelotsofemptywrists;salesofwatchestoyoungadultshavebeengoingdownsince2007.Butwhilethewisehaverealizedthattheydontneedthem,othersapparentlyincludingsomedistinguishedmenofourtimearespendingtotalfortunesonthem.BrandssuchasRolex,PatekPhilippeandBretlingcommandshockingprices,upto250,000forapiece.Thisisridiculous.Expensivecarsgofasterthancheapcars.Expensiveclotheshangbetterthancheapclothes.Butthesedaysallwatchestellthetimeaswellasallotherwatches.Expensivewatchescomewithextrafunctions-butwhoneedsthem?Howoftendoyoudiveto300metresintotheseaorneedtofindyourdirectionintheareaaroundtheSouthPole?Sowhypaythatmuchoffiveyearsschoolfeesforwatchesthatallowyoutodothesethings?,Ifjusticeweredone,theSwisswatchindustryshouldhavecolseddownwhentheJapanesediscoveredhowtomakeaccuratewatchesforafive-poundnote.InsteadtheSwissreinventedthewatch,withtheaidofmillionsofpoundsworthofadvertising,asamessageaboutthemanwearingit.Rolexesareforthosewhospendtheirweekendsclimbingicymountains;aPatekPhilippeisforonefromarichornoblefamily;aBreitlingsuggestsyouliketopilotplanesacrosstheworld.Watchesarenowclassifiedas“investments”(投资).A1994Philipperecentlysoldfornearly350,000,while1960sRolexeshavegonefrom15,000to30,000plusinayear.Butawatchisnotaninvestment.Itsatoyforself-satisfaction,amatteroffashion.Pricesmaykeepgoingup-theyvebeenrisingfor15years.Butwhenoffashion.Pricesmaykeepgoingup-theyvebeenrisingfor15years.Butwhenfashionmoveson,theownerofthat350,000beautywillsuddenlyfindhisprideandjoyisnomoreagoodinvestmentthanmychildhoodTimes.,I.Topicsentenceofeachparagraph:,Para1:Idontneedawatchnowbecausesomethingscantellmetime.(归纳要点抓大意）Para2:othersapparentlyincludingsomedistinguishedmenofourtimearespendingtotalfortunesonthem.(段首）Pare3:butwhoneedsthem?(段中）Para4:giveussomeexamplesofwatchproducers.(归纳要点抓大意）Para5:Watchesarenowclassifiedas“investments”(投资).(段首）,II,Mainidea:作为有计时功能的手表已被同样有此功能的手机。IPOD等代替，但是另一方面社会上有一些人却花很大一笔钱买手表。手表作为计时工具的作用正在逐渐改变,人们将它作为一种投资。Style:expositionStructure:1-3段作者觉得花大量的钱在表上很荒唐，应该没有人买表。4段：厂家有一定的消费群。5段：人们买表是为了投资。,III,3.浓缩主题，选择标题62。Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?ATimexorRolex?BMyChildhoodTimexCWatches?notforMe!DWatches-aValuableCollection,主旨归纳题答题要诀,浓缩主题，选择标题标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容、点明文章主题。它是文章中心思想的最精炼的表达，可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心。标题的特点是：短小精悍，多问短语；概括性强，一般要求能覆盖全文大意，表达精确，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。选择标题应注意一下几点：1）.要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑选项与文章主题是否有密切的关系；2）再看它对文章的概括性和覆盖性如何，看题目是否过大还是过小；3）要避免下列三种错误：概括不够，以偏概全过度概括以事实、细节替代抽象、具体的大意。,作者的态度和意图Ridiculous;ifjusticeweredone;Butwhenfashionmoveson,theownerofthat350,000beautywillsuddenlyfindhisprideandjoyisnomoreagoodinvestmentthanmychildhoodTimes.作者对此事持反对的态度。FORWHOM?,Therelationshipbetweeneachparagraphorinoneparagraph:,59Thesalesofwatchestoyoungpeoplehavefallenbecausethey_.AhaveotherdevicestotellthetimeBthinkwatchestooexpensiveCprefertowearaniPodDhavenosenseoftime第一段的大意Allthesedevices(装置)tellthetime.对原文句子的同义重复,60.Itseemsridiculoustothewriterthat_.Apeopledive300metresintotheseaBexpensiveclothessellbetterthancheaponesCcheapcarsdontrunasfastasexpensiveonesDexpensivewatcheswithunnecessaryfunctionsstillsell第2段Topicsentence的具体解释。细节与段意之间的相互作用。（篇章结构）Butthesedaysallwatchestellthetimeaswellasallotherwatches.Expensivewatchescomewithextrafunctions-butwhoneedsthem?,61WhatcanbelearntaboutSwisswatchindustryfromthepassage?AIttargetsrichpeopleasitspotentialcustomers.BItshardfortheindustrytobeatitscompetitors.CItwastesahugeamountofmoneyinadvertising.DItseasyfortheindustrytoreinventcheapwatches.对第4段的某个细节的推理判断。是其中一个商家针对的消费人群。Rolexesareforthosewhospendtheirweekendsclimbingicymountains;aPatekPhilippeisforonefromarichornoblefamily;aBreitlingsuggestsyouliketopilotplanesacrosstheworld.对原文中三个句子的解释。瑞士三种品牌表所针对的消费者。,DAfewyearsago,paulGernerbegantogatheragroupofarchitectsinLasvegastoaskthemwhatitwouldtaketodesignapublicschoolthatused50percentlessenergy,costmuchlesstobuildandobviouslyimprovedstudentlearning.”Ithinkhalfofthenfellofftheirchairs,”Gernersays.Gernermanagesschoolfacilities(设施)forClarkcounty,Nevada,adistrictroughlythesizeofMassachusetts.By2018,143,000additionalstudentswillenterthealreadycrowdedpublic-educationsystem.Gernerneeds73newschoolstohousethem.Fourarchitectureteamshavenearlyfinisheddesigningprimaryschoolprototypes(样品);theyplantoconstructtheirschoolsstartingin2009.Thedistrictwillthenassesshowwelltheschoolsperform,andthreewinnerswillcopythosedesignsin50to70newbuildings.Greenschoolsareappearingallover,butinClarkCounty,whichstandsoutforitsvastness,suchaggressivetargetsaredifficultbecausedesignrequirementslikemorenaturallightforstudentsgoagainsttherealitiesofadesertclimate.”Oneofthebiggestchallengesisgettingtherightsiteorientation(朝向),”MarkMcGinty,adirectoratSHArchitecture,says.HisfirmrecentlycompletedahighschoolinLasVegas.“Youhavethesamebuilding,samesetofwindows,butifitsorientationisincorrectanditfacesthesun,itwillbereallyexpensivetocool.”Surprisingly,themanresponsibleforoneofremostprogressivegreen-designcompetitionshasdoubtsaboutideasofeco-friendlybuildings.”Idontbelieveinthenewgreenreligion,”Gerners