Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气讲解

SubjunctiveMood,什么是虚拟语气？,表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等,虚拟语气的分类,“意愿”虚拟句：be型虚拟式,“意愿”虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求、希望、建议、命令等的具体内容。这种虚拟式有下列三种结构形式：,1、用在表要求、命令、指示等动词后的that宾词从句中或其被动结构的主语从句其结构为“(should)+动词原形”,suggest(建议),recommend(推荐),advise(劝告),propose(建议),insist(坚持),consent(允诺),decide(决定),order(命令),request(要求),desire(期望),maintain(主张),urge(催促),三个建议,四个要求,insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,require,request,ask,虚拟语气,Should+v型,两个命令,一个坚持,在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的常用词有：,Heorderedthatallthestudents(should)attendhislecturesontime.,1)他命令所有学生按时到课。,Itissuggestedthattheproject(should)bestartedatonce.,2)有人建议马上启动这个项目。,WhatdoyouthinkofherproposalthatI(should)applyforanewjob?,3)她建议我去找份新工作，你觉得怎样？,1.Iadvisedthatyou_thejobassoonaspossible.AfinishedBfinishingCtofinishDfinish2.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_beraised.AshouldBwouldCmustDcould,3.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogo4.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished5.Thecommanderorderedthatwe_workbeforeFriday.A.mustfinishB.finishedC.shouldfinishD.couldfinish,Janspalefacesuggestedthathe_ill.AbeBwasCshouldbeDisHeinsistshe_right.A.wereB.wasC.beD.is,TIPS,T.orF.Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.,insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。,F,T,F,T,虚拟语气,注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。,1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.,obey,was,besent,have,necessary(必需的),essential(必要的),imperative(必需的),natural(天生的),desirable(希望的),advisable(希望的),important(重要的),appropriate(适当的),2、用在Itis+形容词+that-clause中,主要表示主观看法，比如：“某事是必要的、重要的、自然而然的”从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可省。,我们有必要出去散散步。她这样做是很自然的。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,Should+V型,虚拟语气,Translation,Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalk.,Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.,Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,Itisimperativethatstudents_theirtermpapersontime.A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin,1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldB.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_before5:30pm.A.befinishedC.hadfinishedC.mustbefinishedD.willfinish,C,A,3.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset,B,3、公式化语句,表示“祝愿、诅咒、禁止”等意义的特殊表达结构里LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!Godblessyou!Goddamnyou!(该死的！)Heavenforbid!(天理不容！)Deviltakehim!(混蛋！)Sobeit.(但愿如此/就这样吧。),were-型虚拟式,非真实的条件或让步几乎不可能的假设特殊句型,1.由if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though等引导的条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。,IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.,Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasiertolearn.,A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen,2.were型虚拟式常用于wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine等表示“希望，但愿，宁愿”的-that分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常是不可能发生的）情况。,Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Supposetheearthwereflat.Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.,3.特殊句型,Itis(high/about)timethat.that从句中动词用一般过去时，表示“差不多/该是的时候了”。其中that可以省略。Itisthetimewelefttheoffice.区分：Itsthefirst(second/third)time后面的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成时来表示一种经历。ItsthesecondtimeIvecomehere.,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong,itsabouttimeyou_abletowritelettersinEnglish.A.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idontknow.Butitsabouttime_onsomething.”A.IddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.Imdeciding,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,Itshightimewe_cuttingdowntherainforests.A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop,条件句的类型,虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were),主语+should,would,might,could动词原形,If+主语+had+过去分词,主语should,would,might,couldhavedone,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,主语should,wouldmight,could动词原形,通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。（过去虚拟）与现在事实相反。（现在虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）“后退一步法”与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示。与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式表示。,1)IfIwereyou,Ishouldntdothat.2)Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.3)Wecouldaskhimifhewerehere.4)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldringhimup.,I.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：,1)Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwould(might)havemethim.3)IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourphonenumber.,2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,IfonlyI_playtheguitaraswellasyou!A.wouldB.CouldC.shouldD.might,1)Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.2)Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.3)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.,3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,Ifonlythepatient_adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibioticshemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.A.werentB.hasntbeenC.hadntbeenD.wouldntbe,Note:省略if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were,had或should，可以把省略if而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1.Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.2.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.3.Hadhebeenmorecareful(Ifhehadbeenmorecareful),suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,_forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.A.HaditnotbeenB.HadntitbeenC.WasnotD.Wereitnot,虚拟式的特殊形态,主从句时态不一致IfMotherhadtoldmethattruthwhenIwasyoung,Iwouldnotmakesuchmistakessooftennow.,错综条件句,Ifyoustudiedhardernow,youwouldbemoresuccessfulinthefuture.,1.Thecommitteemembersproposethattheplan_postponedforafewdays.A.beingC.tobeB.beenD.be2.ThebossinsistedthatMr.Copper(give)upsmokingatonce.3.Thedirectorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment(refer).tothisreport.4.Ithinkitshightimewe_strictmeasurestostoppollution.A.willtakeC.tookB.takeD.havetaken,D,(should)give,(should)refer,C,5Ifonlyshe(know)thatherbehaviourwasnotwelcome,shewouldhavebeenmorecarefulwithhermanners.6IfIhadacarofmyown,I_ittoyoursisteryesterday.A.wouldhavelentC.musthavelentB.wouldlendD.shouldlend7Jackwouldneverhavedonethatifhe(have)_agoodeducation.,hadknown,A,hadhad,含蓄条件句,非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。,Butfor,befor,without,butthat,Ifyouhadnothelped,Iwouldnthavepassedtheexam.,Butforyourhelp,.,Withoutyourhelp,Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）,Butthatyouhelped,.,ExerciseButfor,without,befor,butthat,如果没有太阳，地球上就不会有植物。Butforthesun,therewouldbenoplantonourplanet.Withoutthesun,Ifitwerenotforthesun,.Butthatthereisthesun,条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）,Otherwisesentenceadverbusedwhensayingwhatwouldhavehappenedormighthavehappenedifsomethingelsehadnothappened:Weweredelayedattheairport.Otherwisewewouldhavebeenherebylunchtime.,类似if型,虚拟语气,butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise，inthatcase，,一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）,其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。,+句子,would/could/should/might+V.(原),would/could/should/might+havedone,现在/将来,过去,1.Butforyourhelp,we(make)suchrapidprogress.,没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。,wouldnothavemade,虚拟语气,类似if型,2.Withoutair,there_(be)nolivingthings.如果没有空气，就不会有生物,wouldbe,3.Thankstothebraveyoungman,otherwise,theboy_(die).,wouldhavedied,Wish/Asif(though),类似if型,虚拟语气,Wouldrather/Ifonly,Wish/Asif/（though）+从句,现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原),类似if型（1）,虚拟语气,例句1.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.2.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.3.Hewishedhehadntdoneit.4.Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewereheowndaughter.,类似if型（1）,wouldrather+that（从句）宁愿,Ifonly+要是该有多好啊,过去时,过去完成时,现在,过去,过去时,过去完成时,现在/将来,过去,类似if型（2）,虚拟语气,asif/thoughsb,did,haddone,Hetalkedasifhehadbeenthereatthattime.Hetalksasifhekneweverything.,evenifsb,did,haddone,EvenifIwereasrichasyouoneday,Iwontdosuchathing.,EvenifIhadmanagedtodoit,theydidntbelieveme.,EvenifIhadthechancenow,Imnotinterestedinit.,2.wouldratherdosth,Iwouldratherstayathomeinsuchhotweather.,1),2)wouldrathersb,didsth,haddonesth,Iwouldratheryoustayedathome.,Iwouldratheryouhadstayedathome.,Patternsuggestingbestwishes,Ifonlysb,didhaddonewoulddo,=howIwishsb,didhaddonewoulddo,IfonlyIwereyou.,HowIwishIwereyou.,SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4,61.Itsgettinglate.Idratheryou_now.(2011)leftleaveareleavingwillleave,IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten,B,Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget,C,HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been,A,HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had,D,Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,C,exercises,1.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe,2.Itishardf