Biogas+Purification+and+Compression+System.ppt

BiogasPurificationandCompressionSystem,TrainingPrograminKathmanduUniversityJanuary03,2010DharmaK.C,1.Projectidea,2.Equipmentdrawing,3.Descriptionofequipment,4.BriefinformationonPSA,5.Energybalance,6.BriefinformationonPLC,Contents,7.Equipmentlayout,Basicideaoftheproject,Piping&EquipmentDiagram,Constructionofbio-digesters,Site:KathmanduUniversitySize:90m3(30*3)Scale:PilotProject,Bio-gasgeneration,FeedingMaterials:Anykindofbio-degradablesolidwasteFlowRate:18m3/day,Pressure:1barComposition:50%CH4,48%CO2,1%H2Sand1%others,FeedingMaterials,Descriptionofequipment,H2SRemover,1.ItconsistsofchangeableH2Sfilter2.WhiletheamountofH2Sattachedtothefilterincreases,thepressureshowninthepressuregaugealsoincreases3.Oncefilterisfullysaturated,itneedstobereplaced.4.H2Sshouldberemovedcompletelyasitcausescorrosiononthewallofvesselsused.,Descriptionofequipment,Biogascompressor,SpecificationType:Oil-freepistonDesignPressure:15barDesigntemp:50degreecentigradeMaterial:MildSteelFlowrate:100L/minPower380VAC3phase50Hz(0.374kWh)Function:TocompressthebiogascomingoutofH2Sfilterandincreasethepressureupto23barwhichisrequiredforPSAsystem.,Specification:Type:VerticalCylinderDP/DT:15bar/50degreeCVolume:30LFunction:Collectslightlycompressedgasbeforesendingtothepurifier(PSA)ItmaintaincontinuousflowofgastothepurifierItpreventsfrompoppingandirregularstrikeofbiogastopurifier.,CNGbufferdrum,Descriptionofequipment,Descriptionofequipment,Scrubber(PressureSwineAdsorptionType),FirstFilter,SecondFilter,AdsorptionColumns,DescriptionofEquipment,CNGregulatorfittedinadsorptioncolumn,ItmaintainsthepressureandflowrateofgasinadsorptioncolumnFunctioningconditionanddatacanbeseeninthegraphicboardofcontrolpanel.Simultaneousfallingandincreasingofpressureandflowrateoccursduringalternatingcyclesnamelyadsorption,regenerationandpressurebuild-up,DescriptionofEquipment,Specification:Type:OilrotaryFlowrate:200L/minPower:220VAC1phase50Hz0.034kWhMaterial:MildSteelFunction:topumpoutCO2andN2fromadsorptioncolumnsandmaintainthepressure,Vacuumpump,PSAsystemlinkingwithPLC,Electriccircuitandsignaltransfer,Itreceivesignalsfromalldevicesofpurifierandtransferittothecontrolpanel.DigitalsignalscanbeseeninPLCsystemandoperationconditioncanbeobservedbythenotificationofLED(light)inthegraphicboard.,Installationofequipment,Innercircuitofcontrolpanel,GraphicBoard,OperationofeachequipmentcanbeseenbytheredlightadjacenttodrawingofequipmentaswellasinmonitorofPLCsystem.,Chemicalprocess,Adsorptionistheprocessthathappenswhenagasorliquidsolutegetsaccumulatedonthesurfaceofasolidor,sometimes,aliquid(adsorbent),formingintheprocessamolecularoratomicfilm(knownasadsorbate).,SeparationofCO2fromCH4isgenerallydonebyadsorption/desorptionofcarbondioxideonbedsofactivatedcarbon(inourcase)orzeolitesatdifferentlevelsofpressure.,Adsorptioninbrief,Thetermadsorptionrefersandencompassesbothprocesses,whilethereverseprocessisknownasdesorption.,PressureSwingAdsorption(PSA)isatechnologyusedtoseparatesomegasspeciesfromamixtureofgasesunderpressureaccordingtothespeciesmolecularcharacteristicsandaffinityforanadsorbentmaterial.,ApplicationofActivatedCarboninPSA,Largenumberofgasesareseparatedusingactivatedcarbonastheadsorbentmaterial.,Slightlyabovetheatmosphericpressure,theactivatedcarbonpreferentiallyadsorbstheimpuritieslikenon-methane.,PressureSwingAdsorption(PSA)isatechnologyusedtoseparatesomegasspeciesfromamixtureofgasesunderpressureaccordingtothespeciesmolecularcharacteristicsandaffinityforanadsorbentmaterial.,Inanormaloperationeachadsorberoperatesinthefollowingalternatingcyclesnamelyadsorption,regenerationandpressurebuild-up.,PSAforBiogasUpgrading,Whilepassingthroughtheadsorbervessel,carbondioxide,oxygenandnitrogengetsadsorbedontothesurfaceoftheadsorbentmaterial.Thegasthatexitsfromthetopoftheadsorbervesselcontainsaround97%ofMethane.,Compressorandstoragetank,FunctionofCompressor:TocompressthegasafterscrubbingPuremethane,beforecompression,iscollectedintheBufferDrumtomakethecontinuoussupplywithoutpopping.FunctionofStoragetank:Itistheheaviestamongallequipment.Itcollectscompressedgasofpressure230baranditssizeis585L.,Dispenser,GascontaininhighpressureinthestoragetankwillbefilledinCNGcylinders.Therewillbethreetypesofcylindersofdifferentsize.Oneisforvehicularuse(64L)andotherareofcommercialpurpose(46.7Land40.2L).Therearealternativesystemandsafetymeasurestofilltwotypeofcylinders,EnergyBalance,BriefinformationonPLC,PLC:Programmablelogiccontrollerisadigitalcomputerusedforautomationofelectromechanicalprocesses,suchascontrolofmachineryonfactoryassemblylines,amusementrides,orlightingfixtures.,Unlikegeneral-purposecomputers,thePLCisdesignedformultipleinputsandoutputarrangements,extendedtemperatureranges,pressure,flowrate,andresistancetovibrationandimpact.