定语从句讲解练习课件

定语从句,讲解练习,TheAttributiveClause,修饰名词的词,1.agoodgirl2.数次名词形容词+名词aneight-metertalltree3.动词不定式放在名词后alotofhomeworktodo/aroomtolivein4.Doyouknowtheman（whocametoseeXiaowangthismorning?）定语从句修饰名词,相当于形容词，一般紧跟在修饰词的后面，先译定语从句。,什么是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。Doyouknowtheman（whocametoseeXiaowangthismorning?）,名词,定语从句,先行词,=,e.g.Thereissomebodyhere(whowantstospeaktoyou.)这里有人要和你说话。,代词,概念,先行词=关系词(关系代词、关系副词）Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Idontlikethebookthat/whichyougaveme.1.关系代词（代人、who,whom,whose，that代物、which/that）2.关系副词（when,where,why）先译定语从句That/which区分（必须用which的三种情况）作主语/作宾语（主语不能省、宾语可以省去）先行词与定语从句中的动词的关系,定语从句放在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词放在它们中间。关系词有3个作用：1引导定语从句2代替先行词3在从句中担当一个成分关系代词：who,whom,whose，thatwhich/that关系副词：when,where,why1.Heisamanwho/that/whomweshouldalllearnfrom.他是一个我们都应当学习的人2、Idontlikethebookthat/whichyougaveme.定语从句的翻译。,注意：,1.先行词是人，用whothat，whom（1）who和that在定语从句中做主语且不省，（2）在从句作宾语用whothatwhom有时可省（3）但介词前置，则必须用whom且不省.e.g.1Thepeople(whothatwhom)youweretalkingtowereJapanese.(whothatwhom在从句中作宾语）2。Sheisthegirlwho/thatsellsflowers？(who/that在从句中作主语）3。ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.=Thegirlwhothat/whomIspoketoismycousin.,用法：,2。whose引导的定语从句whose在从句中作定语。用来指人或物1、Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。2Iknowthegirl_hairislong.我认识有长头发的女孩。,3.先行词是物用whichthat.1.Thepenthatwhichyougavemeisverynice.2.Ilikemusicthat/whichhasgreatwords.,Exercise1:用关系代词填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise2.,Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.,Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._,Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.,Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.,Idontlikethemanwhoissmoking.,Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?,1.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMrBall.2.Theteacherfrom_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.3.Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthere.4.Thegirl_youarelookingforisintheclassroom.5.Themeeting_weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.6.Thefactory_Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.7.Theairport_is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8.Theperson_wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan.,who,whom,who/whom,who/whom,that,which,that,who,只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况,a）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。,b）在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which,c）先行词有theonly,thesame,thevery,all,any,no,much等修饰时，只用that。,d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,e）先行词既有人，又有物时。f）当主句以who、which开头时，用that避免重复。,强调：,All_glittersisnotgold.,Irealizethatthereisverylittle_Icanofferhim.,Theonlything_mattersistofindourwayhome.,Thisistheverygoodfilm_Ihaveseen.,Lookatthemanandhisdonkey_arecorssingthebridge.Whoisthestudentyouoftensay.,强调记忆,that,that,that,that,that,that,不用that的情况,a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.改正：that改为which.,b）介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.,做到精益求精,定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用that引导。e.g.1、Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.2、Smoking,whichisabadhabit,isverypopular.,我们要了解,关系副词的基本用法when,where,why关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，（表示动作发生的时间、地点或理由），在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用，例如：,Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen(duringwhich)IlivedinBeijing.(我永远无法忘记我住在北京的那些日子)Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.（北京是我的出生地。）Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslateforschool?(这就是他上学迟到的理由吗？),介词+关系词（或介