高中省略句详解.ppt

,Ellipsis,省略,什么叫省略？,为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。,简单句中的省略并列句中的省略状语从句中的省略定语从句中省略名词性从句中的省略动词不定式的省略介词的省略使用so，not等时的省略,省略的类型,一、简单句的省略,1.省略主语。i.e.(I)Begyourpardon.(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分。i.e.(Isthere)AnythingIcandoforyou?(Is)Anybodyhere?,3.省略主语和谓语，或谓语的一部分。i.e.(Areyou)Hungry?(Iwant)orangejuice,please.4.省略宾语或表语。i.e.-WherehasMr.Smithgone?-Sorry,Idontknow(wherehehasgone).-WhohasanEnglishdictionary?-Ihave.-IamanEnglishteacher.-Iam,too.,二、在由and或but连接的并列句中，为避免重复，常省略一些重复的词或词组。,1.省略共同的主语。i.e.Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisteacher.2.若主语不同而谓语助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。i.e.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.,3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。i.e.Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主语不同，但谓语及后续部分相同，则省略谓语及后续部分。i.e.Iwasborninwinterin1998andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.5.省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。i.e.Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.,三、状语从句中的省略,1.在when,while,whenever,till/until,if,unless,assoonas,asif/though,than,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it时，则省略从句主语和be动词。i.e.Woodgivesmuchsmokewhile(woodis)burning.Hisopinion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsidered.IllbuyaTVsetif(itis)possible.If(itis)necessary,Iwillgo.Dontspeakuntil/till(youare)spokento.Fewerpeoplecamethan(theywere)expected.Pleasedotheworkas(youare)toldto.Iwillnotgotothemeetingunless(Iam)invited.,2.虚拟条件句常省略if，并将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。i.e.Shouldtherebeaflood(=ifthereshouldbeaflood),whatshouldwedo?Hadhetakenmyadvice(=ifhehadtakenmyadvice),hewouldbeacollegestudentnow.Wereshemydaughter(=ifsheweremydaughter),Iwouldntallowhertostudyabroad.,四、定语从句中的省略,1.在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词whom/who，which，that可省略i.e.Heistheman(whom/who/that)youcansafelydependon.Thebook(which/that)youboughtisgood.2.theway作先行词在定语从句中作状语，可以用inwhich/that引导，也可以省略不用。i.e.Idontliketheway(inwhich/that)youtalktoyourmother.,五、在名词性从句中的省略,1.在know，think，consider，suppose，find，believe，say，decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不省略。i.e.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.,2.由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句，可省略从句的句子，只保留引导词。i.e.Shewillcomeback,buthedoesntknowwhen(shewillcomeback).,3.insist，order，command，suggest，advise,propose，request，require，demand,desire后面的宾语从句或主语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。i.e.Heorderedthatthemeeting(should)beheldatonce.HeadvisedthatI(should)notgoabroad.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseethefilm.,一个坚持两个命令三个建议四个要求,4.名词suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement,decision等后面的同位语从句和表语从句省略should。Hemadeasuggestionthatthey(should)holdanEnglishspeechcontest.Doctorsgiveussomeadvicethatwe(should)paymoreattentiontoourhealth.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)walkhomeinsteadoftakingataxi.Therequirementisthateverystudentshoulddonateoneortwobooks.,同位语从句,表语从句,5.主语从句中的省略。Itisimportant/necessary/essential/vital/strange/surprising/naturalthat(should)doitissuggested/advised/requested/required/ordered/proposed/decidedthat(should)doi.e.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)preventwaterfrombeingpolluted.,六、动词不定式的省略,1.省略to后面的动词。在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，动词不定式符号to后面的动词或短语常常被省略。这种情况常用于：动词（短语）refuse，like，love，wouldlike，wouldlove，wish，want，hope，expect，intend，try，forget，prefer，mean等之后；在begoingto,beaboutto,besupposedto,haveto,usedto之后；以及形容词afraid，happy，glad，pleased，delighted，willing，ready等之后。,i.e.-Wouldyouliketocometonight?-Idloveto(cometonight).-Iamgoingshopping.willyougowithme?-Idliketo(gowithyou),butIambusynow.-Doyouthinkyoucanpassthedrivingtest?-Ihopeso/Iexpectto(passthedrivingtest).-Willyoudomeafavor?-Iamgladto.Thechildwantedtoplayinthestreetbuthismotheraskedhimnotto(playinthestreet).IbrokethevasebutIdidntmeanto(breakthevase).,i.e.Iamnotadoctornow,butIhopetobe(adoctor)inthefuture.Maryhasntfinishedtypingthearticle,butsheoughttohave(finishedit).-WasMr.blackasoldier?-Heoughttohavebeen(asoldier).,注：如果不定式to后面是be,have，havebeen动词，通常要保留它们。,2.省略不定式符号to。,并列不定式，第一个带to,后面的省略to。i.e.Myworkistolookafterthechildrenand(to)teachthemEnglish.Iwanttogoand(to)seehim.但是当并列两个不定式表示对比关系时，第二个to不能省略。i.e.Tobefortheplanortobeagainsttheplandoesntmatter.Welivetogivebutnottoget.,To不能省略,当不定式做表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及do的各种形式，则to可省略。i.e.Whathewantstodois(to)gohome.动词have(使、让)，make,let,see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,help,短语listento,lookat后面带不定式作宾补省略to。i.e.IsawJackcheatintheexam.Noonecanhelphim(to)solvetheproblem.Hewasmadetoworkdayandnight.介词but，except（除了）前有do的具体形式时，后面的不定式省略to。i.e.Allhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.Hehasnothingtodoexcept/butgohome.区别：Hehasnochoicebuttogohome.,被动语态to不能省略,七、介词的省略,1.一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常常省略，只保留其后的动名词。常见的结构有：Havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.Bebusy(in)doingsth.Stop/prevent/sb.(from)doingsth.Spendsometime(in)doingsth.i.e.Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Hespentfourhours(in)goingoverhislessons.,2.表示时间的介词at，on和in用在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等词之前，一般可以省略。i.e.WegotoschooleverydayexceptSundays.Hewillcomebacknextyear.Wewillhaveameetingthisweek.,八、使用so，not等时的省略,在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。i.e.-Canyoufinishyourworktoday?-Ithinkso./Ithinknot./Idontthinkso-theboysarenotdoingagoodjob,arethey?-Iguessnot.-Doyouthinkitisgoingtorain?-Iamafraidnot.(注意：hope，guess,believe,expect,beafraid只能用not),Completethesentence,1.过马路要小心汽车。Lookoutforcars_.2.正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。Theyattendedthemeetingontime_.3.他比预料的晚回三天。Hecamebackthreedayslater_.4.“明天天气会放晴吗？”“我希望这样。”-willitclearuptomorrow?-I_.5.虽然我们都精疲力竭，但我们并没有停下来。_,wedidntstop.,exercise,when,crossing,the,street,as,planned,than,expected,hope,so,Though,worn,out,Multiplechoice,1.when_help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered2._fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube,exercise,3.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD./4.Youcantimaginewhatdifficultywehad_homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking,exercise,5.Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithmetomorrow?_,Iwilldosomeshoppingalone.A.IfnotB.IfsoC.IfyoudoD.Ifyoucant6.-Iwaswonderingifwecangohikingthisweekend.-_good.A.soundB.soundedC.soundsD.sounding,exercise,7.Thesuggestionhasbeenmadethatthefootballgame_.A.putoffB.hadbeenputoffC.beputoffD.tobeputoff8.Hesaidthathewasyoung_hecouldntcarrytheheavybox.A.andB.andthatC.thatD.suchthat,一个句子中如果包含两个或两个以上的宾语从句，那么第一个宾语从句的引导词that可以省略，而其他的引导词不能省略,exercise,9.-Whatsthematterwithmarry?-Shewasntinvitedtothehall,butshestill_.A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesitD.hopesthat10.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and_.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotheriswhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotherwhite,exercise,11.IreallydontthinkTonywillbeupset,butIllgoandseehimincasehe_.A.isB.hasbeenC.willbeD.does12.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,_accompanie