人教版高中英语必修三unit4全课件

Unit4,Words,1.intime:soonerorlater;eventually迟早；最后；终于,intime(forsth/todosth):notlate及时；不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。,Illseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。,in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合节拍,Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.,观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。,beharmfulto对有害,doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人，对某人有害处,1)Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals.,2)Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm.,Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todoItdoesnoharnforyoutoopenthewindow.,Thereisnoharmin(sb.s)doingsth.Thereisnoharmin(your)openingthewindow.,2.,3.multiply(数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖,1)Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.,2)2and5multiplytomake10.,4)Theplantsheremultiplyrapidly.,3)6multipliedby5is30.,=Multiply6by5tomake30.,4.preventsbfrom(doing)sth=stopsbfromdoingsth阻止.做.”在主动语态中from可以省略，被动语态中不行。Howtoprevent/stopthis(from)happening.Itsnationalsmaybeprevented/stoppedfromleavingthecountry.keepsbfromdoingsth中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略。“阻止.做.”,如果省略from,意思为让某人一直做某事Hekeptmefromgettinghurt.Hekeptmedoinghomework.,5.puzzlen.谜；难题v.（使）迷惑；（使）为难Itspuzzlesme.feel/bepuzzledaboutsth.对某事感到迷惑puzzleover/aboutsth.对某事苦苦思索这个字母使我迷惑不解。Thisletterpuzzlesme.她对她的未来感到迷惑。Shefeltpuzzledaboutherfuture.他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题。Hepuzzledover/aboutamathproblemlastnight.puzzlingadj.使迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑的；困惑的,6.breakoutvt.也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。Thewarbrokeoutin1937.Afirebreakoutlastnight.Shebrokeout,“Thatistoounfair!”takeplace表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.,happen作“发生、碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如：Astormhappenedacrosstheriverinanothercountry.occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen。例如：Whathasoccurred?(=Whathashappened?)comeabout表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。例如：WhenMotherwokeup,shedidntknowwhathadcomeabout.,Reading,Whatsthemeaningoftheword“Astronomy”?,I.Warmingup,行星,thescienceofstars;,2.Doyouknowthefollowingterms?,star,planet,thesun/moon/earth,solarsystem,太阳系,3.Howmanyplanetsareinthesolarsystem?,8,恒星,Pluto,ScientistsnowthinkPlutoistoosmalltobecalledaplanet.,4.Doyouknowthecorrectorderoftheirdistancetothesun?,nearesttothesun?,farthesttothesun?,5.Thenamesofeightplanets.,Mercurym:kjriVenusEarthMarsJupiterdu:ptSaturnstnUranusjrnsNeptuneneptu:n,-tju:n,1)水星2)金星3)地球4)火星5)木星6)土星7)天王星8)海王星,Inthisunit,welllearnsomethingmorescientific.1.Whatsthetitleofthetext?,2.Fromthetitle,wecanpredictthatthetextmaytellustheoriginoflifeontheearth.Doyouknowsomestoriesaboutit?,Howlifebeganontheearth,Panguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.,Nvwamadehumans.,1.Whendidthe“BigBang”happen?,Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.,2.Whatformwastheearthafterthe“BigBang”?3.Whatmadeuptheearthsatmosphere,4.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?,5.Whatsthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?,6.Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish?7.Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth?,8.Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast?,1.Whendidthe“BigBang”happen?Ithappenedseveralbillionyearsago.,Scanning,Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.,2.Whatformwastheearthafterthe“BigBang”?Theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.3.Whatmadeuptheearthsatmosphereaftertheearthexploded?Carbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases.,4.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?Astheearthcooleddownafteritexploded,watercameintobeing.,5.Whatsthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.,6.Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish?oxygen.7.Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth?Thedisappearanceofdinosaursmadethepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.,8.Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast?Theygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.,Closereading,I.Readthepassagecarefullyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.,Para.1Theformation(形成)oftheearth.Para.2Theimportanceofwaterforlife.Para.3Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.Para.4Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.Para.5Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.,Detailedreading,Stage1:ThedevelopmentoftheearthStage2:Thedevelopmentoflife,(para13),(para45),Stage1:Thedevelopmentoftheearth,(1)AftertheBigBang,whatwastheearthlike?,acloudofdust,asolidglobe,explodedwithfireandrock,producedwatervapourandgases,(2)Whathappenednext?,(3)Whatdidthewatervapourandgasesform?,theearthsatmosphere,Waterappeared,(4)Whatappearedastheearthcooleddown?,waterisimportantforthebeginningoflifeontheearth.,Whyiswatersoimportantforthebeginningoflife?Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintooceansandseas.,？,Stage2Thedevelopmentoflife,smallplantsappearsinwater,1.Whatlifedevelopedafterwaterappeared?,Shellfishandallsortsoffish,2.Whatlifedevelopedinwaternext?,greenplantsbegantogrowonland,insectsappeared,3.Whataboutthelifeonland?,amphibiansonlandandinthewater,forests,4.Whatlifedevelopednextonland?,reptilesappeared,dinosaurdeveloped,5.Whatlifedevelopedafterforestsappeared?,mammalsonland,6.Whatlifedevelopedafterdinosaurs?,smallcleveranimals,7.Whatlifedevelopedaftermammals?,1.Whoarethesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeet?2.Aretheytakingcareoftheearthwell?Why?,?,Becausetheyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.,Theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.,Canyoufillintheblanks?,2,3,45,6,78910,1smallplantsinwater,shellfishandallsortsoffish,insects,reptiles,amphibians,mammals,dinosaurs,humans,plants,animals,Greenplantsonland,forests,1.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.3.Theearthbecameasolidball.5.Reptilesappeared.7.Theearthwasacloudofdust9.Shellfishandotherfishappeared.11.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared,2.Dinosaursappeared.4.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.6.Plantsbegantogrowondryland.8.Waterappearedontheearth10.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBand”.12.Mammalsappeared.,8,3,10,9,11,5,1,7,4,12,6,2,Canyouputtheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline?,Ex.2onP27,III.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingform.,Atoms,violent,atmosphere,presence,acids,oxygen,shellfish,amphibians,Reptiles,existed,gavebirthto,clever,dioxide,IV.True(T)orFalse(F).1.TheearthappearedbeforetheBigBanghappened.2.Theoriginalatmosphereconsistedofnitrogenandoxygen.3.Themaindifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanetsisthatthereiswaterontheearth.4.Lifebeganinwaterandthenonland.,F,F,T,T,5.Mammalsappearedbeforethedevelopmentofdinosaurs.6.Dinosaurscouldgivebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.7.Humanbeingsproducetoomuchcarbondioxidewhichcausestheglobalwarmingontheearth.8.Accordingtothetext,humanbeingswoulddisappearintheend.,F,F,T,F,宾语从句ObjectClause,表语从句Predicative,主语从句SubjectClasuse,同位语从句AppositiveClause,名词性从句NounClause,从句一律保持陈述语序。,主语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClause,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。常用引导词：连接词：that(无词义)whetherThathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.连接代词:who(ever)whomwhat(ever)which(ever)whoseWhowillgototheenergyconferenceisnotimportant.连接副词：whenwherehowwhyWhenandwherethetestwillbegivenisnotdecided.,1.引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。Thattheearthisroundistrue2.That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itistruethattheearthisround.结构：,Attention,a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显b.It+be+p.p.+that-从句Itisbelievedthat人们相信Itisknowntoallthat从所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定,c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion3.有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句：e.g.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.,4.无论主语从句有多长，一般做单数处理。e.g.Whenwewillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.注意：以what开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是复数名词，系动词用复数形式。Whathewantstobuyarethreebooksandtwopens.,1.Itisobvioustothestudents_theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that,2._wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who,练一练！,3.Itisnotimmediatelyclear_thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.A.sinceB.whatC.whenD.whether,练一练！,_leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who_thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That,_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It,宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句连接词：that(无词义)whetherife.g.Idontknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.连接代词：what(ever)who(ever)whosewhich(ever)等连接副词：whenwherehowwhy等,特别提示1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分。Imgladthatyouhavepassedtheexam.2.有些词或词组如hate,love,enjoy,dislike,feellike,appreciate,take(认为),relyon,dontmind等，习惯上后面跟it做形式宾语，再接宾语从句。Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.,3.在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在句尾。常带复合宾语的动词有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。IthinkitnecessarythatItakeplentyofwatereveryday.4.某些动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，如insist，order，request，suggest等。Isuggestedthatwe(should)startbefore5oclock.,5.必须用whether引导，不可用if:1).从句后有ornot时，不可用if:Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.2).介词宾语通常用whether引导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.3).后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?4).discuss后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagineyouareinthissituation,anddiscusswhetheryoushoulddosomethingatonce.,5)主语从句放在句首Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.6）表语从句和同位语从句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetthereontime.7)当it做形式主语whether/if都可引导主语从句Ithasntbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallattendthemeeting.,6.用who，whom,which(ever),whose,when,what(ever),where,why,how,whoever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。,7.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。,如果主句主语为第一人称反意疑问句常与从句的主语和谓语保持一致；其他情况看主句。例如：IdontbelieveshehasbeentoAustralia,hasshe?我认为她没去澳大利亚，是吗？Idontbelievethathecantranslatethisbook,?Shethinksthatherhusbandisthebestoneintheteam,？,canhe,doesntshe,Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?,doubt问题,肯定句中用if/whether,否定句中用that,疑定句中用that,Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.,if/whether,that,that,if/whether,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.,宾语从句,Heasked_foraviolin（MET1992）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever3.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo_ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever,4.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive5.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_.A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong,6.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether7.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough/because连接代词：who/whom/what/which/whose连接副词：when/where/how/whyTheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,特别提醒1.主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order，request等名词时，表语从句的谓语要虚拟。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)gonow.2.主句的主语是reason时，表语从句常用that；若表原因用because，表结果用why.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.Heforgotit.Thatwaswhyhedidntcallme.Hedidntcallme.Thatwasbecauseheforgotit.,Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon（上海01年春季招生）A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyIdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where3._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that,4.GoandgetyourcoatIts_youleftitA.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere5.Thecityisnolonger_.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe6.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that,what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句