高考情态动词复习.ppt

,情态动词Modalverbs,情态动词的基本用法特点1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。5)情态动词不能单独做谓语，需和动词共同构成谓语,表示能力:can,could,beableto*beableto能用于各种时态。can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力。*was/wereableto:“设法做成某事”相当于managedtodosth.succeededindoingsth.。,1.表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。,1.Acomputer_thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot,2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto,A,D,3.Theywill_runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto,D,表示许可:may/might,can/could*might,could比较委婉,一般多用于疑问句.*can,may表达的语言比较随便.*在以could,might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can,may.,5.CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou_.A.mightB.willC.canD.should6.MightIwatchTVaftersupper?Yes,you_.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.can,C,A,2.表示否定的情态动词的用法:,mustnt不准,禁止neednt没必要(=donthaveto)cant不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldnt不应该(=oughtnotto)wont/wouldnt不愿意darent不敢,can/may/must/need问句的回答方式,疑问句式,肯定句式,否定答式,youmay.,mustnt/maynot.,youmust,neednt/donthaveto.,youmust.,neednt/donthaveto.,7.You_returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.maynot8.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldnt,C,B,9.-Willyoustayforlunch?-Sorry,_.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont10.-MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?-_.A.No,youneedntB.Not,please.C.No,youmustntD.No,youwont,B,C,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must/should,对将来对现在对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,1.YoumustbeMrSmith-Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.2.Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted.3.Wemayhavereadthesamereport.4.Hecanthavesleptthroughallthatnoise.5.Theressomeoneoutside-whocanitbe?6.Whatcantheybedoing?7.Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.8.Youcouldberight,Isuppose.,1.Idontknowwheresheis,she_beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher_ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It_lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother_foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,mustbemarking,musthaverained,musthavebeenlooking,5.Philip_seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.-Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.-She_(go)bybus.7.Mike_hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。,may(might)havebeenhurt,may(might)havegone,canthavefound,情态动词+完成式：1.musthavedone2.may/mighthavedone3.cantcouldnthavedone4.should/oughttohavedone5.shoulnt/oughtnttohavedone6.couldhavedone7.neednthavedone8.wouldratherhavedone,1.Thegroundisratherwet,soit_haverainedlastnight,didntit?2.Tom_havegonetoShanghai,butImstillnotsureaboutit.3.Thegroundisverydry,soit_haverainedlastnight.4.Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom.Who_havedoneit?5.IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenI_havestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.,must,may,cant,could,should,6.Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyou_haveleftinsuchahurrythen.7.I_havecometohelpyouwithyourEnglish,butIwastoobusyatthattime.,8.-IpaidavisittoNewYorklastmonthandwestayedatanicehotel.-Oh,you_havestayedwithBarbara.Sheisalwayswillingtodoyouafavour.,could,neednt,wouldrather,shall和will的比较,1.Ifyou_followmyadvice,I_offeryousomehelp.2._youmeethimrightnowor_hewaitoutside,sir?,will,shall,Will,shall,11.He_bepunishedifhedisobeys.如果他不服从,就要受到惩罚.12.Wearenotgoingtoquarrelatallifyou_onlyletmespeak.只要你让我说话,我们根本就不会吵架.13.-Sir,_hegoorstay?-Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could,shall,will,B,14.Thedoor_open.这门经常打不开.15.Ronald_stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would16.You_havethebookafterIreadit.我看完以后一定把这本书给你.,wont,D,shall,would和usedto的比较,1、would主要表示过去一段时间内的某种习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”usedto主要表示过去存在但是现在已不再存在的习惯，意为“过去常常”。OnSundayshe_gotocallontheoldmanwhenhewasyoung.I_getuplate,butnowIhavegotusedtogettingupveryearly.XiaoLi_beamodelworker.Heisnowauniversitystudent.,would,usedto,usedto,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,情态动词(+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;,3.常以neednt和darent的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing,Idarentaskherforarise.我不敢请求她加薪.Howdidyoudaretotellherthat?Iwonderwhetherhedarestandupinpublic.Idontknowhowshedarestowearthatdress.Doyouneedanyhelp?Iwonderwhetherheneedsenditimmediately.Ineedhardlytellyouthattheworkisdangerous.Thegardendoesntneedwateringatthemoment.Youneedntfinishthatworktoday.,判断正误:,Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?,HedarenttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?HedarentspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?,Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.,Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.,情态动词短语的使用:,wouldliketodowouldratherdowouldrather+从句wouldprefertodo.hadbetterdo.,改错:1.Wouldyoulikehavingsometea?2.Idprefergoingtothelecturethisevening.3.Idratheryoutogotothemeeting.4.Hewouldrathertodiethantogivein.5.Youdbettertohaveyourhaircuttoday.,Wouldyouliketohavesometea?,Idprefertogoto.,youwentto.,Hewouldratherdiethangivein.,Youdbetterhave.,f.,3.情态动词表示推测的用法A.对现在状态和动作的推测高考题点击：1.Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.(N1993)A.mustB.mayC.canD.will2.Michael_beapoliceman,forheismuchtooshort.(1994上海)A.needntB.cantC.shouldD.may,B,B,must加动词原形表示“必须做”；may加动词原形表示“可能会做”；can加动词原形表示“能够做”；can表示“可能性”时只用在问句和否定句中。该句的关键在于“butheisntsureyet”。,neednt表示“不必”；cant表示“肯定不”；后两个选项与句意差别太大。此句的关键在于“forheismuchtooshort”.,3.Itsnearly7:00.Jack_behereatanymoment.(N1995)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can4.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.(N1996)A.wont,cantB.mustnt,mayC.shouldnt,mustD.cant,should,C,B,must+be表示“肯定会”；need+be表示“需要在”；should+动词原形表示“非常有可能”；can表示可能性只用在否定和疑问句中。,前句表示“你不能玩刀”，此处的“不能”并非表示“能力”，而是表示“允许”，所以只能用“mustnt”；后句表示“可能会伤着你自己”，故用may。,5.-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.(N2000)A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might6.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?(2001上海春季)A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must,D,A,此句的关键在于“Imnotsure”，既然不能肯定，只能是一种“可能性”。,此句的意思为：“Bush先生总是很守时，他怎么可能在出席开幕仪式时迟到呢？“can在否定句或疑问句中表示“可能性”。,7.-IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthe_not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(N2002)A.mustB.canC.needD.may8.-Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.-It_truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.(N2002北京)A.maynotbeB.wontbeC.couldntbeD.mustntbe,D,C,此句的关键是“Helikesdrivinghiscar.”can和may都可用于否定句中，cant表示“根本不可能”，语气很强；maynot表示“也许不可能”，语气较弱。,couldnt的语气比cant弱。,B.对过去动作或状态的推测Tomoughtnotto_meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.(N1993)A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold2.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_forher.(N1994)A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout,A,C,oughtto相当于should；此句的关键是“Hemeantnoharm”，显然指的是过去的事。,shouldhavewritten意指“本该写但实际上并没有写”。,3.-Therewerealready5peopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourney.(N1995)A.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen4.Susan_writtenareportlikethis.(1995上海)A.canhaveB.mustnthaveC.canthaveD.oughttonothave,D,C,此句谈论的是过去的经历，故A、B不合题意；must表示判断和推测只能用在肯定句中。,该句的意思为Susan不可能写出这样的报告来。oughttohavedone的否定式为oughtnottohavedone。,5.Jack_yet,otherwisehewouldhavephonedme.(N97)A.mustnthavearrivedB.shouldnthavearrivedC.canthavearrivedD.neednthavearrived6.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.(N1998)A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed,C,A,此句的关键是后半句，“otherwisehewouldhavephonedme”，此处为省略了条件句的虚拟语气，表示“如果到了他会打电话给我的”，由此可见，他肯定没到。,此句并不表示判断，而是一个虚拟语气。,7.Therewasalotoffunatyesterdaysparty.You_come,butwhydidntyou?(1999上海)A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave8.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_homewithoutaword.(N2001)A.mustntleaveB.shouldnthaveleftC.couldnthaveleftD.needntleave9.Oh,Imnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I_somuchfriedchickenjustnow.(2002上海春季)A.shouldntcutB.mustnthaveeatenC.shouldnthaveeatenD.mustnteat,D,B,C,4.shall;should的特殊用法1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2002上海)A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.Itsnearly7:00.Jack_behereatanymoment.(N95)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can,D,C,该句的意思为：“通知说所有的考生必须坐在位置上直到考卷收完了才能离开。”考生坐在位置上不能用“能够、将要、可以”来表示。而shall在第二、三人称里面表示一种“命令、警告、承诺”等。,3.-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00.(N1998)A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need4.Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_besorudetoalady.(2001上海)A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would,B,C,此句应是店主对顾客的承诺。,should与how;why等表示疑问或否定的词连用时，用来表示一种惊奇的心情，意思为“居然、竟然”,5.情态动词的应答1.-ShallItellJohnaboutit?-No,you_.Ivetoldhimalready.(N1994)A.needntB.wouldntC.mustntD.shouldnt2.-CouldIcallyoubythefirstname?-Yes,you_.(1998上海)A.willB.couldC.mayD.might,A,C,此句的关键是“Ivetoldhimalready”，由此可见，你就不必再对他说了。,在回答“CouldI”这类婉客气的请求时，只能回答“Yes,youcan或may”。不能用could或might。,3.-Willyoustayforlunch?-Sorry,_.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(N1999)A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont4.-Writetomewhenyougethome.-_.(2001北京春季)A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican,B,C,此句的关键是“Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.”所以我不能在这儿吃饭。,在回答对方的请求或命令时，应该用“Yes,Iwill.”而不能使用would或should。,6.情态动词的其它一些用法1.Iwonderhowhe_thattotheteacher.(1996上海)A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout.(N1997)A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could3.Whenhewasthere,he_gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.(1996上海)A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might,D,C,A,注意比较dare和need的两种词性的不同用法。,注意比较could与wasableto的用法区别。,would在此处表示过去惯常的动作。,1.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone_getone.A.wereabletoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could2.You_returnthebo