全新版21世纪大学英语读写教程3-Unit1.ppt

Unit1PraiseandGratitude,Objectives,PartIVideoStarter,PartIITextA,PartIIITextB,PartVAdditionalTheme-RelatedActivities,Exercises,Exercises,Outline,PartIVWriting,Fromstudyingthisunit,studentsareexpectedtounderstandthemagicinawordofpraisefromTextAandthepowerofakindletterfromTextB;mastertheusefulsentencestructures(likewouldhave+pastparticipleandwish(that)aswellaswordsandexpressionsthatarethefocusesoftheexercisesfollowingTextA;understandhowtobuildwordsusingsuffixes-ianand-man;andtalkabouttheimportanceofgivingcomplimentsandshowinggratitude,andhowtoexpressappreciationinanappropriateway.,Objectives,PartIVideoStarter,Tobegin,wellwatchavideoclipandtrytograspitsmessage.Gettingtoknowthewordsandexpressionsintheboxbelowfirstmaybehelpful.,PartIVideoStarter,VideoClip,【Script】,Askthestudentsthefollowingquestionsafterlisteningandwatchingifyouhaveenoughtime:,Whatwouldtheinstructorsayatthebeginning?Whatdoestheinstructorsayaboutyourlearningactivities?Whatseemstobemoreimportantintheprevioussemester?Whatdoyoudeservefortheeffortsyoumadeinthelearningactivities?,Afewofwordsaboutourperformanceintheprevioussemester.,Wedidagoodjobinlistening,speaking,readingandwriting,respectively.,WeworkedtogetherwiththeinstructorinexploringboththeworldofknowledgeandtheworldoftheEnglishlanguage,anddiscoveredmorethanexpected.,Wedeserverecognitionandpraise.,_,_,_,_,Whatdoyoulearnaboutwords?WhatcanwelearnaboutawordofpraisefromauthorFultonOursler?Whatdoestheinstructoradviseustodoontheroadoflife?Whatisthemessageyouhavegrasped?,Theyalonecannothurtphysically,butcanhurtsodeeplyonanemotionallevelthatapersoncanbecomephysicallyill.Thisisthepowerofnegativewords.Ontheotherhand,thereexiststhepowerofpositivewords.Thisismagicofpraise.,Awordofpraisecanhelpusbuildourself-confidence.Andalsoitcanconveyourappreciationandreassurancetosomeone.,Tofeelawordofpraisesothatwecanknowit.,Thereismagicinawordofpraise./Whatawordofpraiseisallabout.,_,_,_,_,NowthatthestudentshavefullyunderstoodtheVideoStarter,youcanasksomeofthemtodubthevideo,iftimepermits.Correcttheirerrorsinpronunciationandintonation.,Helloclass,BeforewegoonwithourjourneyofEnglishlearning,Iwouldliketosayafewwordsaboutyourlearningactivitiesintheprevioussemester.Youdidagoodjobinlistening,speaking,readingandwriting,respectively1.Moreimportant,allofyou,alongwithme,exploredboththeworldofknowledgeandtheworldoftheEnglishlanguage,anddiscoveredmorethanexpected.Nodoubtyoudeserverecognition2andpraiseforyourlearningefforts.Itismydeepesthopethatsuchremarks3willcontinuetoinspireyoutodothesameinthecomingsemester.,Videoscript:,Whatdoyouthinkofmyopeningremarks?Nothinglessthanawordofpraise?Right!Nowwearegoingto“feel”thepowerofpraiseinUnitOne.Asyouknow,wordsalonecannothurtphysically,butcanhurtsodeeplyonanemotionallevel,somuchsothatapersoncanbecomephysicallyill.Itisthepowerofnegativewords,isntit?Ontheotherhand,thereexiststhepowerofpositivewords.Thisismagic4ofpraise.Awordofpraise,aswecanlearnfromFultonOurslerhere,canhelpusbuildourself-confidence.Andalsoitcanconveyourappreciation5andreassurance6toanyoneelse.Simplyput7,somethinggoodcanbesaidabouteveryone.Maybeitishardforyoutodefineawordofpraise.Butyouwillknowitwhenyoufeelitinyourpersonallife.,1.respectively:intheordergiven各自地；分别地2.recognition:praise,respectoradmiration认可3.remarks:astatementthatexpressesapersonalopinionorbelief言辞，话语,e.g.,MikeandJosharefiveandsevenyearsoldrespectively.迈克和乔希分别是5岁和7岁。,e.g.,ProfessorJohnNashsresearchhasgainedinternationalrecognition.约翰纳什教授的研究已经获得了国际认可。,e.g.,Themoviestarapologizedforhisoffensiveremarks.这位电影明星为他所说的侮辱性言辞而道歉。,Despitemyreassurance,Janetwasstillworriedaboutthetestresult.尽管我安慰了詹妮特，她仍然很担心测试结果。,4.magic:theuseofspecialpowerstomakethingshappenwhichwouldusuallybeimpossible魔力5.appreciation:thankfulness感激6.reassurance:anexplanationorpieceofadvicethathelpssomeonetofeellessworried安慰,e.g.,Ialwaysbelieveinthemagicoflove.我总是相信爱的神奇力量。,Theseflowersareatokenofmyappreciationforyou.这些花表达了我对您的谢意。,e.g.,e.g.,7.simplyput:usedforsayingthatyouareexplainingsth.inaclearandsimpleway简而言之,e.g.,Simplyput,hesthebestsoccerplayerintheworld.简而言之，他是世界上最好的足球运动员。,PartIITextA,ThereIsMagicinaWordofPraiseFultonOursler,Judgingfromthetitle,whatdoyouexpecttolearnfromthetext?,QuestionAbouttheTitle,Theeffectofpraisingothersandbeingpraised.,赞美之词的魔力富尔顿奥斯勒,ChineseVersion,Author:FultonOursler（富尔顿奥斯勒，18931952）wasanAmericanjournalistandwriter.,ABroadwaycomedianoncehadanightmare:hedreamedhewastellingstoriesandsingingsongsinacrowdedtheater,withthousandsofpeoplewatchinghimbutnoonelaughedorclapped.“Evenat$100,000aweek,”hesays,“thatwouldbejusthellonearth1.”,1.非正式人间地狱,QuestionAboutThisParagraph,Whatisofutmostimportancetothecomedian?,Praiseandencouragementfromtheaudience.,一次，一位百老汇喜剧演员做了一个噩梦：他梦见自己在一个座无虚席的剧场里讲故事、唱歌，数以千计的人们看着他但是没有人笑或拍手。“即使一个星期能赚10万美元，”他说，“那也像人间地狱一般。”,ChineseVersion,e.g.,Hehadterriblenightmaresaboutthefire.他做了有关火的噩梦。ThetripwasanightmareIcaughtafluandIlostmypassport.这次旅程是场噩梦我得了流感，还丢失了护照。,nightmare:n.afrighteningordeeplyupsettingdream噩梦；梦魇,hellonearth:(infml)anextremelyunpleasantplaceorsituation非正式人间地狱,e.g.,Thewarwasdescribedashellonearth.这场战争被描述得像人间地狱。Theymadetheirfatherslifehellonearth.他们将父亲的生活搞得一团糟。,Itisnotonlytheactorwhoneedsapplause.Withoutpraiseandencouragementanyonecanloseself-confidence.Thusweallhaveadoublenecessity:tobecommendedandtoknowhowtocommend.Thereisatechniqueingivingacompliment,arightwaytogoaboutit.Itisnorealcompliment,forinstance,topraiseamanforsomeobviousattainment.Usediscernmentandoriginality.“Thatwasawonderfullyconvincingspeechyoumadetonight,”agraciouswomanoncesaidtoabusinessman.“Icouldnothelpthinking2whatafinelawyeryouwouldhavemade.”Themerchantflushedlikeaschoolboyattheunexpectedcharacterofthetribute.,2.忍不住猜想,Whatisthedoublenecessityweallhave?,QuestionsAboutThisParagraph,Tobecommendedandtoknowhowtocommend.,2）Whatistherightwaytogiveacompliment?,3）Whydidthemerchantflush?,Insteadofpraisingothersforsomeobviousattainment,weshouldusediscernmentandoriginalitywhengivingacompliment.,Unexpectedlyhegotasincerepraisefromagraciouswoman.,不仅演员需要掌声，没有赞扬和鼓励，任何人都会失去信心。因此，我们都有着双重需求：被别人称赞以及懂得如何去称赞别人。说赞美的话是有技巧的，有正确的说法。比如，因为某些显而易见的成就而去表扬一个人，这不是真正的赞扬。你得运用辨别力和创造力。“您今晚的演讲很精彩、很有说服力，”一次，一位和蔼可亲的女士对一位商人说，“我禁不住想，您肯定也能当一名出色的律师。”听到这意外的溢美之词，那位商人像个男生般地脸红了。,ChineseVersion,applause:n.喝彩,e.g.,Canwehavearoundofapplauseplease?我们能否鼓一下掌？Herexcellentperformancedrewenthusiasticapplause.她出色的表演赢得了热情的掌声。,encouragement:n.wordsoractionsthatgivesomeoneconfidenceorhope鼓励；起激励作用的言语、行动等,e.g.,Thereismagicinwordsofencouragement.鼓励的话具有神奇的力量。Withtheencouragementfromhisfriends,hedidntgiveuphisdream.在朋友们的鼓励下，他没有放弃自己的梦想。,commend:vt.toformallypraisesth.orsomeone称赞，赞扬,e.g.,Everyoneintheneighborhoodcommendedthegirlforherbravery.街区中的所有人都称赞这位小姑娘的勇敢。JimwascommendedforhisdedicationtoEnglishteaching.杰姆全身心地投入英语教育事业，因此获得了赞扬。,e.g.,Myhusbandnevergivesmecomplimentsonmycooking.我丈夫从不夸我厨艺好。WhenpeoplesayImweird,Itakethatasacompliment.当人们说我古怪时，我把这当成是一种赞扬。,compliment:n.anexpressionofpraise,admirationorrespect赞词；赞扬,e.g.,attainment:n.theachievementofthegoalsthatsb.hasset成就，造诣,Thistestaimstodeterminehighschoolstudentsacademicattainmentinmathematics.这个测试旨在考查高中学生的数学学科程度。Hisattainmentofpubertywasdelayedbymalnutrition.由于营养不良，他的青春期推迟了。,discernment:n.theabilitytojudgepeopleandthingswell识别能力；洞察力,e.g.,ProfessorLewisisapersonofdiscernment.路易斯教授是个具有敏锐洞察力的人。Hislackofdiscernmentledtohisdisastrouschoiceofbusinesspartners.由于缺乏识别能力，他对商业伙伴的选择非常糟糕。,e.g.,originality:n.theabilitytothinkof,do,orcreatesth.new,interesting,anddifferent;thequalityofbeingnew,interesting,anddifferentfromanythingthatanyonehascreatedbefore独创性；新颖,Thisfilmshowsrealoriginality.这部电影非常标新立异。Heisayoungwriterofgreatoriginality.他是个极具创意的年轻作家。,convincing:a.persuadingsomeoneormakingthemcertain令人信服的，有说服力的,e.g.,Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatadvertisinginfluencestotalalcoholconsumption.没有令人信服的证据证明，广告影响了酒的总消费量。Tomakethedetectivescharacterconvincing,shedidextensiveresearchwiththeCID.为了使侦探角色令人信服，她对刑事调查部做了全面研究。,gracious:a.showingkindnessandgoodmanners有礼貌的；仁慈的；亲切的,e.g.,Mikewasgraciousenoughtoinviteustohishome.迈克十分热情地邀请我们去他家。Begraciousindefeatandhumbleinvictory.胜不骄，败不馁。,businessman:n.amanwhoworksinbusiness,esp.ataseniorlevel商人；实业家,e.g.,Thefactisheisashrewdbusinessman.事实上，他是一个十分精明的实业家。Hesaself-madebusinessman.他是一个白手起家的实业家。,canthelpdoing:tobeunabletoavoiddoing(sth.)忍不住做，禁不住做,e.g.,Icanthelpapplaudinghisefforts.我禁不住为他的努力而喝彩。Icanthelpthinkingthatthosekeyswillturnupeventually.我忍不住想，那些钥匙最终会自己冒出来的。,merchant:n.sb.whobuysandsellsgoods,esp.asawholesalerorinternationally商人；（尤指外贸）批发商,Brownstartedhiscareerasawoolmerchant.布朗从做羊毛生意起家。Hefellinlovewiththedaughterofawealthymerchant.他爱上了一个富商的女儿。,e.g.,flush:vi.tobecomeredintheface脸红,Jimflushedwithannoyance,andthenwalkedaway.杰姆气得脸都红了，随后便离开了。Winterairflushedthechildrenscheeks.冬天的寒气将孩子们的脸颊冻红了。,e.g.,character:n.thequalitiesthatmakessth.clearlydifferentfromanythingelse（事物的）特性；品德评语；推荐书,Greatcarehasbeentakentokeeptheoriginalcharacterofthishotel.人们尽力保留这家饭店的原有特色。Hisnewemployeraskedforacharacterofhimfromhisoldteacher.他的新雇主要求出具一封由他从前的老师写的推荐书。,e.g.,tribute:n.sth.saidorgiventoshowgratitude,praise,oradmiration颂词；称赞,Theconcertwasatributetothemusician.这场音乐会是为纪念这位音乐家而举行的。PrinceCharlesdeliveredabirthdaytributetohismother.查尔斯王子向他的母亲致了生日祝词。,e.g.,Noone,greatorobscure,isuntouchedbygenuineappreciation.YalesrenownedEnglishprofessor,WilliamLyonPhelps,related:“OnehotsummerdayIwentintoacrowdedrestaurantforlunch.Whenthewaiterhandedmethemenu,Isaid,Theboysinthekitchencertainlymustbesufferingtoday!Thewaiterlookedatmeinsurprise.Peoplecomeinhereandcomplainaboutthefood,kickabout3theserviceandgrowlabouttheheat.Innineteenyearsyouarethefirstpersonwhohaseverexpressedasympathyforthecooksbackthereinthekitchen.Whatpeoplewant,”Phelpsconcluded,“isalittleattentionashumanbeings.”Inthatattention,sincerityisessential.Themancominghomeafteraharddaysworkwhoseesthefacesofchildrenpressedagainstthewindowpane,waitingandwatchingforhim,maywaterhissoulwiththeirsilentbutgoldenopinion.,3.随便谈论,1）WhydidthewaiterlookatProfessorPhelpsinsurprise?2）AccordingtoPhelps,whatdopeoplewant?3）WhatisshownbytheexampleofthekidswaitingfortheirDadcominghome?,QuestionsAboutThisParagraph,ProfessorPhelpsexpressedsympathyforthecookswhilemostpeopleattherestaurantcomplainedaboutthefoodandservice.,Alittleattentionashumanbeings.,Sincerityisessentialinattention.,无论声名显赫还是默默无闻，没有一个人会对真诚的赞赏无动于衷。耶鲁著名的英语教授威廉里昂费尔普斯讲述道:“一个炎热的夏日，我走进一家拥挤的饭馆吃中饭。服务员递给我菜单时，我说，今天厨房里的小伙子们肯定在受罪！服务员惊讶地看着我说：来这儿的人都抱怨菜的味道不好，对服务评头论足，还埋怨太闷热。19年了，你是第一个对后面厨房里的厨师们表示同情的人。人们所需要的，”费尔普斯下结论道，“是作为人能得到一点点关注。”在那种关注中，真诚是至关重要的。当劳作了一天的男人回家时看见孩子们将脸贴在窗上、张望着等待他，他也许会感到这种无声而珍贵的语言如甘露一般涤荡了他的心灵。,ChineseVersion,obscure:a.notknowntomanypeople无名的，默默无闻的,e.g.,anobscurejournal一本不知名的期刊anobscurepoet一位没有名气的诗人,appreciation:n.afavorableopinionofsth.;afeelingorexpressionofgratitude欣赏，赏识；感激,e.g.,Thisisacourseinartappreciation.这是一门艺术欣赏课程。Idontknowhowtoexpressmyappreciationforyou.我不知道该如何表达对你的感激之情。,Yale（耶鲁）:aprivateIvyLeagueuniversitylocatedintheU.S.stateofConnecticut,renowned:a.famousandadmiredforaspecialskillorachievement有名望的，著名的,e.g.,Overthelastfewyears,Japanesecarshavebecomewidelyrenownedasindustryleaders.在过去几年里，日本汽车已经作为产业先锋而闻名天下了。Edmondisaninternationallyrenownedphotographer.埃德蒙是一位国际知名的摄影师。,WilliamLyonPhelps（威廉里昂费尔普斯，18651943）:anAmericanauthor,criticandscholar,kickabout:rmally随便谈论,Wekickedaboutafewideas.我们随便讨论了一些想法。Theboardspenttheafternoonkickingaboutthefeasibilityofopeninganoverseasoffice.整个下午，董事会都在讨论是否有可能设立一个海外办事处。,e.g.,growl:vi.tosaysth.inanunfriendlyandangryway愤愤不平地抱怨,e.g.,Hesalwaysgrowlingaboutthegovernment.他总是抱怨政府。“Whatdoyouwant?”Michaelgrowled.“你想要什么？”迈克尔气愤地说道。,e.g.,sympathy:n.afeelingofpityandcompassionforthesufferingofothers同情（心）,Myheartfeltsympathyisextendedtothefamily.我向这个家庭表达深切的同情。Heshowedhissympathyforthebombvictims.他对炸弹袭击的受害者们表示了同情。,e.g.,Thereportconcludedthatthediseasewasnotcontagious.这份报告的结论是这种疾病不具有传染性。Theystudiedthedocumentandconcludedthattheauthormusthavebeenaneyewitness.他们研究了这份文件，并断定其作者一定是目击者。,conclude:v.toformanopinion断定,e.g.,Heneverdoubtsthesincerityofhisfriend.他从来不怀疑朋友的真诚。Wewereverymuchimpressedbyhersincerity.她的真诚让我们很感动。,sincerity:n.honestyinthoughtandaction真诚；真挚,essential:a.central,major;necessary,required核心的；必要的,e.g.,Highqualityisessentialforustocompeteglobally.对于我们而言，要想在全球竞争，高质量至关重要。Disciplineisessentialinanarmy.对于一支军队来说，纪律是核心。,Childrenespeciallyarehungryforreassurance,andthewantofkindlyappreciationinchildhoodcanendangerthegrowthofcharacter.AyoungmothertoldtheReverendA.W.Beavenofaheart-achingincident:“MylittledaughteroftenmisbehavesandIhavetorebukeher.Butonedayshehadbeenespeciallygood,hadntdoneasinglethingthatcalledfor4reprimand.Thatnight,afterItuckedherinbedandstarteddownstairs,Iheardhersobbing.Turningback5,Ifoundherheadhiddeninthepillow.Betweensobssheasked,HaventIbeenaprettygoodgirltoday?,4.要求；需要5.（使）往回走,“Thatquestion,”saidthemother,“wentthroughmelikeaknife.Ihadbeenquicktocorrectherwhenshedidwrong,butwhenshehadtriedtobehaveIhadnotnoticedit.Ihadputhertobedwithoutonewordofappreciation.”,1）Whatcouldbeendangeredbythelackofkindlyappreciationinchildhood?2）Whydidthelittlegirlsob?,QuestionsAboutTheseParagraphs,Thegrowthofcharacter.,Shetriedtobehavethatday,buthermotherdidntnoticethatandputhertobedwithoutonewordofappreciation.,孩子们尤其渴望鼓励。童年时如果得不到善意的赞赏，将会危及性格的发展。一位年轻妈妈向AW比文牧师讲述了一件让人伤心的事：“我的小女儿常常不听话，我不得不批评她。但是有一天，她特别乖，没有做一件会挨批评的事。当天晚上，我给她盖好被子、准备下楼时，听见她在抽泣。我走回去，发现她把头埋在枕头里。她一边呜咽一边问：难道我今天还不够乖吗？”“那个问题，”那位妈妈说，“像把刀一样刺痛了我。当她做错事时，我总是急于纠正，可是当她努力表现得好些时，我却没有注意。我哄她睡觉时连一句称赞的话都没有。”,ChineseVersion,reassurance:n.wordsofadviceandcomfortintendedtomakesomeonefeellessworried使人消除疑虑的事物；（信心、勇气等的）恢复,e.g.,Childrenneedalotofreassurance.孩子需要许多安抚和鼓励。Expertsofferedtheirreassurancesthattheaccidentwouldnthappenagain.专家们向大家保证，不会再发生类似事故。,endanger:oasituationwheretheymightbeharmedordamaged使遭受危险，危及,e.g.,Manyspeciesareendangeredbydevelopmentandchangesinlanduse.土地使用的发展和变化正在危及许多物种。Thepeaceandsecurityinthisareaisendangered.这一地区的和平和安全正遭受威胁。,ReverendA.W.Beaven:AW比文牧师,misbehave:vi.toactbadly;tobeimpolite举止不当；不礼貌,e.g.,Hismotherwaspunishinghimformisbehavinginschool.由于他在学校里表现不好，母亲正在惩罚他。Thechildrenmisbehavedinpublic.孩子们在公共场合不守规矩。,rebuke:vt.tospeakto(sb.)severely,esp.officially(尤指正式地)指责，非难,e.g.,Hermomstronglyrebukedherforplayingwithmatches.她玩火柴，因此母亲严厉地批评了她。Sheoftenrebukedhimforhiscarelessness.她经常指责他粗心。,e.g.,Skillandcouragearecalledforinthisjob.这份工作需要技巧和勇气。Thiscasecallsforathoroughinvestigation.这个案件需要彻底调查。,callfor:toneedordeserveaparticularactionorquality要求；需要,e.g.,Whilereviewingthetroops,theofficerdeliveredareprimandtooneofthesoldiers.长官在检阅部队时，训斥了一个士兵。Hisbossgavehimaseverereprimandforbeinglate.他因为迟到而遭到了老板的严厉训斥。,reprimand:n.anactorexpressionofcriticism申斥；训诫,tuck:vt.使盖好被子安睡,e.g.,tuckababyinbed给宝宝盖好被子让他睡觉,turnback:toreturninthedirectionyouhavecomefromortomakesomeonedothis（使）往回走,e.g.,TheflighthadtoturnbacktoSydneyafteroneengineexploded.当一个引擎爆炸后，这架飞机不得不折回悉尼。Idecidedtoturnbacktomyhotelforlunch.我决定回旅馆吃中饭。,behave:vi.toactwell举止得体；讲礼貌,e.g.,Didthekidsbehavethemselves?孩子们有礼貌吗？Wewelcomewell-behavedpets.我们欢迎守规矩的宠物。,Thesameprincipleusingthekindwordispotentinallhumanrelationships.InmyboyhoodinBaltimore,anewdrugstoreopenedintheneighborhood,andoldPykeBarlow,ourskilledandlong-establishedpharmacist,wasoutraged.Heaccusedhisyoungrivalofsellingcheapdrugsandofinexperienceincompoundingprescriptions.Finallytheinjurednewcomer,contemplatingasuitforslander,wenttoseeawiselawyer,ThomasHays.“Dontmakeanissueof6it,”Haysadvised.“Trykindness.”,6.制造争端；挑起争论,1）Whatprincipleiseffectiveinallhumanrelationships?2）WhywasoldPykeBarlowangry?3）Whydidtheyoungpharmacistgotoseealawyer?4）Whatwasthelawyersadvice?,QuestionsAboutThisParagraph,Usingthekindword.,Anewdrugstoreopenedintheneighborhood,whichcouldbeathreattohisownbusiness.,OldPykeBarlowmadeanuntruthfulaccusationagainsthimandhewascontemplatingasuitforslander.,Trykindness.,同样的准则说友善的话适用于所有的人际关系。我小时候住在巴尔的摩，当时街坊里开了一家新的药店，为此我们那位技能娴熟、资历颇深的药剂师老派克巴洛很生气。他指责他的年轻对手出售廉价药品而且在配药时没有经验。最后，那位受到伤害的新来的药剂师考虑以诽谤罪起诉对方，于是他去见了一位明智的律师托马斯海斯。“别把争端扩大化，”海斯建议说，“试试友善（地处理）。”,ChineseVersion,potent:a.powerfuloreffective;havingastrongeffectorinfluence强有力的；有效力的,e.g.,Grapeseedextractisapotentantioxidantforprotectingskintissue.葡萄籽精华是一种强有力的抗氧化剂，能够保护皮肤组织。Thisisanexplosivegreenhousegas20timesmorepotentthancarbondioxide.这是一种易爆炸的温室气体，比二氧化碳强大20倍。,Baltimore（巴尔的摩）:thelargestcityandculturalcenteroftheU.S.stateofMaryland,outrage:vt.tomake(sb.)veryangry激怒,e.g.,Hiscommentsoutragednearlyeveryoneintheroom.他的评价几乎让房间里所有的人都愤怒不已。Hewasoutragedbytheaccusation.这个指控激怒了他。,e.g.,Thepainterwasaccusedofthemurderofawomaninhisflat.这位画家被指控在寓所里谋杀了一名女子。Randallwaswronglyaccusedofdrunkendriving.对兰德尔醉驾的指控是错误的。,accuse:vt.tosaythatsomeonehasdonesth.morallywrong,illegalorunkind指责；控告,e.g.,Thetwocompanieshavebeenlongtimerivals.这两家公司是多年的竞争对手。Thisisnotthefirsttimethetwoboyshavebeenrivalsforanaward.这两个男孩已经不是第一次竞争同一个奖项了。,rival:n.aperson,group,petingwithothersforthesamethingorinthesamearea竞争对手,compound:vt.tomixtwoormoresubstancestogetherinordertomakeanewsubstanceorproduct把合成为，把配成,e.g.,Theycompoundedanewplanfrompartsofseveralformerplans.他们将原先几个计划中的一部分重新组合成了一个新计划。Theresearcherscompoundedanewplastic.研究者们合成了一种新型塑料。,prescription:n.anorderformedication处方，药方,e.g.,Thedrugisonlysoldwithaprescription.这是一种处方药。,contemplate:v.toconsiderasapossibility;tothinkaboutsth.seriously对作周密考虑；深思熟虑,e.g.,Iamcontemplatingstudyingabroad.我正在考虑出国学习。Theydidnotevenwanttocontemplatewhatthesituationwasnow.他们甚至不愿意分析现状。,slander:n.afalseanddamagingstatementaboutaperson;thecrimeofmakingsuchastatement诽谤（罪）,Thesingerwasatargeto