2009高考英语二轮复习-学会分析英语长难句课件

,2009高考英语解题指导,一、命题特点、纯语法题逐年减少，语境题逐年增加。、知识覆盖面广，题目设计灵活多样。、某些题目选用了往年高考阅读理解题中的句子，某些出自词典。,二、单项填空的解题指导要想在短时间内完成20道题且能得到较好的分数，应试者首先必须具备扎实的基础知识，然后掌握一定的解题技巧。倘若这两点都能做到，就水到渠成了。,（一）补全法,有时为了使语言生动、自然、简洁，经常采用省略形式。解题时要尽可能把省略部分补全，这有助于正确地确定答案。,例、Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.()A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,分析：to的后面省略了ridehisbicycle,A,(二）简化法命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句、插入语或附加的次要信息，造成主谓隔离。解题时，如果将题干中的多余部分去掉，题干就会变得很简单，答案就可以迅速找到。,例1、Johnplaysfootball_,ifnotbetterthanDavid.()A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellasD.sowell,分析:改题考查副词的同等比较,这一语法现象实际并不难,但题干中加入了省略形式的插入语(ifnotbetterthan)后,则加大了迷惑性.如果把插入语去掉,简化为Johnplaysfootball_David.此时答案就一目了然.,B,例2.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.()A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,分析:aswellastelephones是附加信息,A,例3.Thepersonwespokento_noansweratfirst.()A.makeB.makingC.makesD.made,分析:wespoketo是一个定语从句,将其去掉后会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词.,D,例.Whodoyouthink_usatalkthisafternoon?()A.togiveB.gaveC.willgiveD.giving,分析:doyouthink是一个插入语,C,例.Thedayswelookedforwardto_atlast.()A.comesB.tocomeC.cameD.coming,分析:本题很容易被误认为是一个介词to后面要接动名词。实际上welookedforwardto是一个定语从句,介词to已有其相应的宾语,是省略了的引导词，将从句去掉就可看出本题缺少一个谓语.,C,(三).把握语境法在一定的语境中进行语法知识和语言知识的考查,是近年高考英语试题中常见的题目,这就要求考生一定要以语境为切入点,认真思考,仔细分析,才能确定正确答案。,例1-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?()-Imnotsure,I_gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might,分析：该题考查情态动词在语境中的的运用。如果脱离了具体的语境，四个选项都正确，但根据答语Imnotsure可得出答案。,D,例、Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.()A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,分析：根据studied可确定过去Robert在国外学习。,A,（四）找提示词法对于有些题来说，若找到关键的提示词（如but,and,otherwise等）就会迎刃而解。,例、Theyareallverytired,but_ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.()A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither,分析：but表示转折,C,例_itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.()A.WhatleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave,D,（五）转化法（还原法）,高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单,但命题者有意把题干复杂化,将其改写成一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类题,考生可以反其道而行之,把题干还原成自己熟悉的结构,题目就变得简单了。,1.将倒装句改成陈述句.,例1.Whomwouldyouratherhave_withyou?()A.togoB.goC.goneD.going,分析:本题测试的知识点是havesbdosth改写题干成陈述句,则应是Youwouldratherhavewhom_withyou.,B,例2.Never_timecomebackagain.()A.willloseB.willlostC.lostD.willtolose,分析:改写成陈述句后其结构为:Losttimewillnevercomebackagain.,B,2.将陈述句改为倒装句。我们首次接触时是一个倒装句,而命题者恰恰有意地使用陈述句来命题,题目便具有很大的迷惑性。,例1、Wehad_lefthomethanitbegantorain.()A.nosoonerB.hardlyC.almostD.nearly,分析:Nosooner.than是一个大家十分熟悉的句型改写句型:_hadwelefthomethanitbegantorain.,A,例2.Wehad_arrivedatthetrainstationwhenthetrainbegantomove.()A.nosoonerB.hardlyC.almostD.nearly,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan一就,B,.改被动句为主动句。,例1、Timeshouldbemadegooduse_ourlessonswell.（）A.learningB.learnedC.oftolearnD.tolearn,改写句子：Weshouldmakegooduseoftime_ourlessonswell.,C,例2、Thelittleboywascaught_intheshop.()A.tostealB.stealingC.stealD.stole,分析：本题考查的知识点是catchsbdoingsth,B,、改省略句为一个完整的句子,例1、Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?-_1982.()A.AfterB.InC.SinceD.From,分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子Thisbookshophasbeeninbusiness_1982.什么词能同现在完成时态连用呢？,C,例2Whatmadehermothersoangry?()-_theexam.BecauseshedidntpassB.HernotpassingC.ShedidntpassD.Becausehernotpassing,分析：将答语部分补全应为：_theexammadehermothersoangry.可以看出少了一个主语.,B,（六）逆向思维法逆向思维是一种创造性的思维，它冲破了固有的“思维定势”，运用逆向思维，在目前灵活多变的高考试题中，可收到意想不到的效果。,例：Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as（）,Information后常接同位语从句。检查空白后的句子可以确定它是同位语从句，说明information的内容。,B,haveatry,Wasitin1969_theAmericanastronautssucceeded_landingonthemoon?A.when,onB.that,onC.when,inD.that,in2._someofthisjuice-perhapsyoulllikeit.A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havetried3.-Whydoyouwantthebooksomuch?-,sir.A.StudyingB.StudiedC.StudiesD.Tostudy4.Ifindrecordsare_orbetterthananactualperformance.A.asgoodasB.asgoodC.sowellasD.goodas,D,B,D,A,5.Isthisschool_youvisitedlastweek?A.thatB.towhichC.theoneD.where6.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then7.Whowillyouhave_?TorepairthemachineB.repairthemachineC.themachinerepairedD.repairedthemachine8.Itwasonlythen_realizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.A.didheB.couldheC.whenwecouldD.thatwedid9.Thesestoriesweremade_hisownhead.A.outofB.upofC.intoD.upoutof10.Hehadmadeanotherdiscovery,_ofimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkitisB.whichIthinkisC.IthinkthatisD.ofwhichIthinkis,C,A,B,D,D,B,11.Thecave_verydark,hemadesomecandles_light.A.was;giveB.was;beinggivenC.being;togiveD.being;give12.Whichis_country,CanadaorAustralia?A.alargeB.largeC.alargerD.thelarger13.Inmyopinion,itisthebestusethatcouldbe_ofthemoney.A.turnedupB.turnedoutC.spentD.made14.-Waiter!-_-Icanteatthis.Itstoosalty.A.Yes,sir?B.What?C.Alltight?D.Pardon?,C,D,D,A,CloseTest,Methods&Skills,ByKevinChen,一完形填空考什么？,一,词法及词义辨析,二，固定短语搭配,三，上下文逻辑关系,四，文化背景及生活常识,(46,47,48,49,52等）,（44等）,（36，37，40，43，45，47，54，55，等）,四完形填空的解题思路,总则：在把握整体的基础上对句子内部的情况进行分析,跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意,再读全文，反复检查,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破,MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling_36_，butIalwaysknewhewas_37_.Henevercriticizedus,butused_38_tobringoutourbest.Hedsay,“Ifyoupourwateronflowers,theyflourish.Ifyoudontgivethemwater,theydie.”,36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned38.A.praiseB.courageC.powerD.warmth,I_39_asachildIsaidsomething_40_aboutsomebody,andfathersaid,“_41_timeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse,itsareflectionofyou.”HeexplainedthatIlookedforthebest_42_people,Iwouldgetthebest_43_.,39.A.thinkB.imagineC.rememberD.guess40.A.unnecessaryB.unkindC.unimportantD.unusual41.A.AnotherB.SomeC.AnyD.Other42.A.onB.inC.atD.about43.A.incaseB.byturnsC.bychanceD.inreturn,Incase:以防万一,Byturns:轮流，依次,Bychance:碰巧,Inreturn:作为.回报,FromthenonIvealwaystriedto_44_theprincipleinmylifeandlaterinrunningmycompany,44.A.reviseB.setC.reviewD.follow,Dadsalsoalwaysbeenvery_45_.At15,Istartedamagazine.Itwas_46_agreatdealoftime,andtheheadmasterofmyschoolgavemea_47_:stayinschoolorleavetoworkonmymagazine.,45.A.understandingB.experiencedC.seriousD.demanding46.A.takingupB.makingupC.pickingupD.keepingup47.A.suggestionB.decisionC.noticeD.choice,Idecidedtoleave,andDadtriedtoswaymefrommydecision,_48_anygoodfatherwould.WhenherealizedIhadmadeupmymind,hesaid,“Richard,whenIwas23,mydad_49_metogointolaw.AndIve_50_regrettedit.Iwantedtobeabiologist,_51_Ididntpursemy_52_.,48.A.andB.asC.evenifD.asif49.A.helpedB.allowedC.persuadedD.suggested50.A.alwaysB.neverC.seldomD.almost51.A.ratherB.butC.forD.therefore52.A.promiseB.taskC.beliefD.dream,Youknowwhatyouwant.Gofulfillit.”As_53_turnedout,mylittlepublicationwentontobecomeStudent,anation_54_foryoungpeopleintheU.K.MywifeandIhavetwochildren,andIdliketothinkwearebringingthemupinthesamewayDad_55_me.,53.A.thisB.heC.itD.that54.A.newspaperB.magazineC.programD.project55.A.controlledD.comfortedC.remindedD.raised,1.看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。,五：完形填空解题技巧,2)MrsONeillaskedquestionsandshedidntscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.moreand是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。,2.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondonIstillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as根据句前的manyyears和句后的stillremember答案应选表示转折的连词but.,3.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：1)Heresafellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimselfsomuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是helponeselfto故答案为C,2)Andvideocamerascanbeusedtopeoplesactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch句中动作的发出者是videocameras因此答案是C，意思是“记录”。,4.扎实基础，理清辨异SoonIheardalikethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。,5.了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。,要做好“完形填空”，必须紧紧抓住上下文语境，充分利用上下文语境所提供的线索。上下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义联系，所在句与周围句群的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等。有些选项根据上下文就能比较容易地选出，而有些则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能做出正确判断。,信息常识，上下呼应，搭配遣词，逻辑贯通,文中无闲句，句中无闲字,解题误区做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会,ProofReading,近6年NMET短文改错测试内容,改错类型统计,Questions,Whichtypesofmistakeappearintheproofreading?Canyoutellmeaboutthat?,*顺口溜*,连冠介加形副，七个一致要记住。,Haveyourememberedit?,*顺口溜*,句为单位进行改，连冠缺误搞明白；形副介词看搭配，七个一致要用对；整体逻辑前后顾，时态非谓定记住。,主谓一致、名词的单复数一致、代词的指代一致、时态语态一致、非谓动词与逻辑主语一致虚拟语气句中前后一致、行文逻辑关系的一致,考查内容,二.一致性问题：1）主谓一致2）名词的单复数一致3）代词的指代一致4）时态语态一致5）非谓动词与逻辑主语一致6）虚拟语气句中前后一致7）行文逻辑关系的一致,一.词的用法1）连词2）冠词3）介词4）形容词和副词,动词,1.Thoughitwascold,buthewentoutwithoutacap.1_2.Youcantconsiderhimahonestman.2_3.ChinaDailyisalsopopulartostudentsofEnglish.3_4.Thebadnewsmadeusfeelsadly.4_5.Ihatehimasmoreasyoudo.5_,词的用法,返回,an,连词、冠词、介词、形容词、副词,but,with,sad,much,连,冠,介,形,副,每次考试常有,每次考试必有,1.Everymeanshavebeentried,buthestillfailed.1_2.Ineedsomemoreinformations.2_3.Ifheisyou,hewouldgotoAustralia.3_4.Thepolicearedoinghisbesttohelpthehomeless.4_5.Thesebookshavereturnedtothelibrary.5_6.Sofar,hemadealivingbypickingupwastes.6_7.Theyoungmandressinginblueismybrother.7_8.Withaboyledtheway,theystartedtowardsthevillage.8_,一致的问题,返回,dressed,were,has,9.Hermotherasked,“Whenwillyougohomefordinner?YourfatherandIarewaitingforyou.”9_,been,come,leading,语态,虚拟,时态,非谓,逻辑,has,information,their,主谓,名词,代词,主谓、名词单复数、虚拟语气和逻辑一致常考,指代一致、时态语态一致和非谓语的一致必考,巩固练习,TodayIvisitedtheSmiths-myfirsttimevisit1_toAmericanfamily.Theyliveinasmall2_town.Itwasverykindforthemtomeetme3_attherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.4_TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeel5_athome.Theyofferedmecoffeeandother6_drinks.Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughing7_together.Theywereeagerlytoknoweverything8_aboutChinabutaskedmelotsofquestions.Infact,9_theyareplanningtocometoChinanextyear.10_,返回,time,an,of,drive,their,had,eager,and,go,名,冠,介,非谓,代,时态,形副,连,逻辑,DearMother,Groupwork,Pleasemakeupaproofreadingpassageofyourownaccordingtothewayyouhavelearned.Theremustbeonemissing(缺词），oneortwounwanted(多余),fiveorsixfalse(错词)atleastandarightone.,*顺口溜*,句为单位进行改，连冠缺误搞明白；形副介词看搭配，七个一致要用对；整体逻辑前后顾，时态非谓定记住。,主谓一致、名词的单复数一致、代词的指代一致、时态语态一致、非谓动词与逻辑主语一致虚拟语气句中前后一致、行文逻辑关系的一致,200