高中英语语法之冠词

冠词的用法,THEARTICLE,冠词的用法：,冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词,(Article),(DefiniteArticle),(IndefiniteArticle),(ZeroArticle),Keystothein-classexercises,1.x,a,the,the/an,a/the/x,the/x/x,x/an/the/x2.ateacher,money,furniture,people,taxidrivers,apples,water,men,books,snow3.uncountable:advice,baggage,equipment,furniture,hair,homework,information,money,weather2piecesofbaggage,some,piecesofhomework,someadvice,hair,any,Keystothein-classexercises,Thepriceofanewtypeofanewbicyclecalledthe“ThomsonBike”is7,500.Thenewbicyclegoesat40k.p.h.withevenanaverageriderridingit.Theridersitshigherthanusualandthebicyclegoesmuchfaster.Butisthisacomfortablewaytositandistheridercomfortable?“No”,saystheinventor,MelvinThomson.“Afteranhourtheriderwouldbetired.”Butpeoplewhohaveseenthenewbikealllikeitandallthepeoplewhohaveriddenitsaybikeslikethisarethebikesofthefutureandtheywouldbuyabikelikethis.,顺口溜=|,一、定冠词的用法。特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器。,二、不用冠词的集中情况。下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，三节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。,三节,ChildrensDay儿童节TeachersDay教师节WomensDay妇女节,不定冠词的基本用法,不定冠词有“a和an”两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前；an用在以元音音素开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，如hour，首字母为辅音，但第一个发音是“a”，故用anuniversity虽首字母为元音，但发音以“jU:”开头，故用a,1.用于可数名词的单数形式之前，表示一Thereisamanintheroom.2.表示一类人或事物,a+名词Atigercanbedangerous.也可用定冠词the+形容词（代表一类人）Thepoorarestillpoor.3.表示某一个的意思AMr.Wangwantstoseeyou.4.表示同一的意思Theyareofanage.Thetwoshirtsaremuchofasize.,5.表示每一的意思Wegoswimmingfourtimesaweek.6.第一次提到的人或事物，但不特指是哪一个Longlongagotherewasanoldkingwhohadaverybeautifuldaughter.7.在感叹句what.的句式中Whataprettygirlsheis!8.用在某些表示数量的词组中：alotof许多acoupleof一对agreatmany很多adozen一打agreatdealof大量,9用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.10.用语习惯用语中allofasudden,Infact,asaresultalittle,agreatmany=averylargenumberofagreatdeal(of.),haveacoldhaveagoodtime，inamoment,afterawhile,inahurry,inaword,makeaspeech,haveagoodtime,定冠词的用法,1.用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，这是定冠词的基本用法ThisisthehousewhereLuxunoncelived.2.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Openthedoor,please.3.用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前,或first,next,last,same,only等表示独特含义的词语前Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.WhenisthenextflighttoBeijing.HeistheonlypersonIwanttosee.,5.表示地球、宇宙等独一无二的事物thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky,theworld6.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前thePacificOcean,theHuangheRiver7.指由普通名词构成的专有名词theWestLake,theGreatWalltheUnitedStates,theWTO8.表示地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分等。intheeast,ontheright,intheafternoon,10.和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物thepoor穷人therich富人thesick病人thewounded伤员thegood好人thebeautiful美丽的事物11.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物Thehorseisausefulanimal.12.用于西洋乐器前（民族乐器前不加）playthepiano弹钢琴playtheviolin拉小提琴*中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:playerhu(二胡)13.用于发明物前，这时名词要用单数。the+n发明物必须是单数whoinventedthetelephone?,14.与民族、国籍的形容词连用，表整个民族，所有国人theChinesearebravepeople15.用在表示自然现象的名词前therain,theair,thesnow.Dontstandintherain.但这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示一阵，一场，一种acoldwindisblowing.aheavysnowisfallingoutside.16.用在表示计算单位的名词前，含有“每，每一”的意思Eggsaresoldbythekilogram.17.用在某些固定用法里：inthemorning,gotothecinema,onthewayto,atthesametime,bytheway,allthetime,注：用在人体部位名词前。Heseizedmebythearm.(hit/strike/beat)+sb.+in/on+the+部位IhitTomonthenose/shoulder/head.Hestruckthethiefintheeyes/face.(pull/seize/lead/catch)+sb.+by+the+部位Sheledthecowbythenose.Iseizedherbythehand.,零冠词的用法,1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不加冠词（在特指时要加冠词）China中国Europe欧洲Money金钱water特指时加冠词thewaterinmycupisdirty.2.用于复数名词前，泛指一类人或事物，但特指时需加冠词Studentsshouldstudyhard.特指时加冠词Thestudentsareclever.3.月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词）January,Sunday,ChristmasDay,Thanksgiving比较：.onaSundaymorning.（表示某一个。）注:民族节日前要加the如:theSpringFestival,4.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词,特指则加Ihavelunchatschool.比较：Ihadabiglunchyesterday.（表示特指）Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.比较：IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.（表示特指）5.进行球类运动playbasketball,playvolleyball6.在职位或表示头衔的名词前。King,captain,president7.没有特指的不可数抽象名词Timeisprecious.比较：Thetimeoftheplaywas1990s.（表示特指）8.固定词组athome,atnight,onfoot,gotobed,用与不用冠词的差异：gotoschoolgototheschoolinfrontofinthefrontofoutofquestionoutofthequestiontwoofusthetwoofusinfutureinthefuture,nextyearthenextyear,onearthontheearth,去上学,去学校,在前面,在的前部,毫无疑问,不可能的，办不到的,我们当中的两人,我们两人(共计两人),从今以后，将来,未来,第二年,明年,在地球上，在世上,究竟,冠词的特殊位置,(1)若修饰名词的形容词受too,so,as,how,however等副词的修饰，则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之间：Itistoodifficultabookforbeginners.Hedidntknowhowgreatamistakehehadmade.(2)若单数可数名词前有such,what,many等词修饰，不定冠词应置于它们之后：Whatanicecoat!Iveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.注：“manya单数可数名词”是一种较文的说法，在现代英语的口语或非正式文体中，通常用“many复数名词”代之。,(3)不定冠词与副词quite,rather连用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词放在quite,rather之前或之后均可以：Heisratherafool.(a必须后置)Itisquiteaaquitegoodbook.。但不能说：Heisaratherfool.(因名词前无形容词，所以错)定冠词与quite和rather连用时，情况也是如此(即定冠词后置)：Youregoingquitethewrongway.你的路全走错了。ItsquitethemostinterestingfilmIveeverseen.(4)与both,all,half,twice等连用时，冠词通常应置于其后：Iknowboththebrothers.Helefthalfanhourago.Yoursistwicethesizeofmine.,冠词位置,1）不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a.位于such，what，many，half等形容词之后。例如：Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.我从来没见过这样的动物。Manyamanisfitforthejob.许多人适合这岗位。注：“manya单数可数名词”是一种较文的说法，在现代英语的口语或非正式文体中，通常用“many复数名词”代之。”b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.我从未这么高兴过。Soshortatime如此短的时间Toolongadistance距离太远了,c.quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当其名词前前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可，如：ratheracoldday/arathercoldday。Heisratherafool.(a必须后置)Itisquiteaaquitegoodbook.。d.在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后。例如：Braveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。,e.as/so/suchas等结构中不定冠词的位置as/soas结构中，不定冠词一般置于as/so修饰的形容词后JenniferisnotsosmartagirlasIthought(Jennifer不像我认为的那么聪明）suchas结构中，不定冠词一般置于such之后，形容词之前。Weareinsuchadifficultsituationaswecameacrosslasttime.(我们正处在像上次遇到的那种困境地之中）Hehasneverwrittensuchaninterestingbookasthat.(他从未写过像那本书那么有趣的书）,2）定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等词之后，名词之前。例如：Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去Helefthalfanhourago.Yoursistwicethesizeofmine.,Exercise,1.Everythingcomeswith_price,thereisnosuch_thingasafreelunchintheworld.A.a,aB.the,/C.the,aD.a,/2.What_disappointmenttoseeLiuXiangquitehisgamein_29thBeijingOlympicGames!ButIstillsupporthim.Afterallheisinpoorhealth.A./,theB.a,theC.the,/D.the,the3.Onthemoonitstoohotin_dayandtoocoldat_night.A.the;不填B.the;theC.a;theD.a;/4.Ittookme_hourand_halftofinishthework.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a,D,B,A,D,5.Aspaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometres_second.A.aB.anC.theD.不填6.Thepictureon_leftismorebeautifulthantheoneon_right.A.不填;不填B.the;theC.a;aD.an;an7.Thewomantookthelittlegirlby_hand.A.aB.anC.theD.不填8.Mr.Readpattedhimon_shoulder.A.aB.anC.theD.不填9.Alltheworkhadtobedoneby_handwhentherewerenomodernmachines.A.不填B.theC.anD.a10.Weshouldalwaysthinkof_oldand_sick.A.the;theB.an;aC.不填;不填D.the;a,A,B,C,C,A,A,()11._recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakerby_year2090.A.A,theB.A,/C.The,/D.The,a()12.Ifyougoby_train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget_fastone.A./,/B./,aC.the,aD./,/()13.Itisoftensaidthat_teachershave_veryeasylife.A/,/B./,aC.the,/D.the,a()14.IcantrememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_city,Ionlyrememberitwas_Monday.。A.the,theB.a,theC.a,aD.the,a()15.Ifyougrowupin_largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_abilitytogetonwellwith_others.A./,antheB.a,the,/C.the,an,theD.a,the,the,A,B,B,D,B,1.Theygotmuch_fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_andthreebottlesof_here.A.orang