高中英语语法专题系列：定语从句

一.定义和主要术语，1 .修改attributive子句、名词或代词的子句称为attributive子句。定语从句通常紧接在先行词之后。引导attributive子句的单词。Iknowthemanwholivesnextdoor，先行词，关系词，定语从句，定语从句，定语从句修饰的成分。先行词是一个单词，短语或整个主要句子，2。前置语：3。关系词：常用关系代词：(作为主语、宾语、表语、属性等的成分)that、which、who、whom、whose、as等常用关系副词：关系代词引导定语从句，1.who:指人，在从句中作为主体。ilikethestudentswhoworkhard . yesterdayiheldadeanoldmfany wholosthisway。2 .whom:是指人，在条款中用作对象，经常可以省略。he Saman(whom)weshouldlearnfrom . theman(whom)youmetjustinoknow iscsalledjim。3 .whose :可以指人，也可以在条款中用作属性。achildwhosarentsarededelidanorphan。(见人)whose parents=theparentsofwhomidlikearoomware indowfacessouth。(见东西)，4.which:手指；定语从句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语。thelampwhichwastedeskwasboughtbymypather。(主语)the book(which)iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting。(对象)Hewasproud，Whichhisbrotherneverwas。(表语)tomspentfourieasincollege，duringwhichtimehelearnedfrench。(属性)，5.that:可以指人或事物；在定语从句中作为主语、宾语、表语。(指人时who或whom中选择所需的族。指东西时，相当于which)a letter that/whichiswrittenencilisdifficulttoread。(主语)youcantakeanything(that)you like。(宾语)shesnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore。(表语)，使用6 . asthesameas.as；Thesameas；Such.as.在结构上。Ihavethesamebookasyou(have)。有和你一样的书。don tdosuchthinsayouarenotsureabout。不要做你不知道的事。比较1iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein。(同一家)imwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday。(类似，不是同一件t恤) 【比较2】hereisobiagastone asnoonecanlift。(定语从句)hereisobiagastone that noonecanliftit。(结果状语从句)，把一个定语从句当作单独引导。Asweallknow，smokingishamfultooneshealth。(as是宾语)=asisknontall，smokingishamfultooneshealth。(as作为主语)=itsknontallthat smokingishamfultooneshealth。Aswecansee、heishonest(对象)hewas aforeign、asiknewfromhisachcent。(对象，前置语是前面的句子)thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisncreasing，asismentionedabove。第三，“介词关系代词”引导定语从句，this is the book(that/which)youasked for。=thissithebooforwhichyouasked . doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)ishookhandswith？=doyouknowthepersonwithin whomishookhands？如果介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时只能使用whom，不能使用who，that关系代词只能使用which，不能使用that。关系代词在所有格时使用whose。justnowledmyteacher:thewo man with whomyoutalkedjustnowledmyteacher。错误：Thewomanwithwho/That youtaledjustinowledmyteacher。积极：thissitheroominwhichheusedtolive。错误：thissitheroominthatheusedtolive。herecomesthegirlofwhosesingperformancestwespeakhighly . dr . Smith、inwhosehospital mysonwastenlastyear、isaworldfingperformancestwespeakhighly . dr . Smithguncontrolisasubjectamericanshavrguedforalongtime . a . ofw hichb . witwhichc . aboutwhichd . intouwhichargueaboutsthwithsb回答：C，CThissource classroom，infrontfwhichthereishersdesk。2 .包含介词的短语动词一般不会分解，介词继续放在短语动词之后，例如lookat、lookfor、look after、take care of等。thissistegirl whomtheyarelookingafter . thissistewatchwhich/thathathalianmlookingfor。3 .在“介词关系代词”之前，也可以有some、any、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each、few等代词或数字。therearefortystudentsinourclassinall、mostofwhomarefrombigcities、theoldhamastwosons、bottomofwhomarefousdoctors . intrs关系副词引导attributive子句，1.when指时间，在attributive子句中用作时间副词。上述术语包括time、day、week、year、month、etc . hecramentlightwheniwasteut . wewillphonicuntlnextgweek和whentheweatherwoulbebetteristillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy。(副词)istillrememberthedayswhich/that wespenttogether。(宾语)，2.where指位置，在定语从句中用作位置副词。前置语将地点(place、school、factory、room、etc . thissisteplacewhereiwasn . iliveintroomhere/inwhicheusedtolive)thisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear。(作为状语)thiss ister which/thatheyvisitedlastyear(作为宾语)、前置语case、point、situation可以视为表抽象位置的前置语，子句缺少状语成分的话，则可以视为定语ithinkyouhaveottothepointwhereachangeineed，oryouwouldbfail . hesgothimselfintoadangroussituationwherecheslikeytoscontrolofthing如果前置任务是reason，则可以称为forwhich。thereasonwhy/forwhichedntattendthemetingwas thathewaill。【补】先行词为theway时，attributive子句经常可以省略that，inwhich，that。this is the way(that)/inwhichidosuchthings。5 .限制性非限制性定语从句的区别，1 .在格式上，非限制性定语从句经常用逗号分隔。2.在语法上，非限制性定语从句一般与that.3 .语义上的限制性定语从句与先行词有密切关系。去掉这个冠词，整个句子就不完整或意思发生变化。不是限制性定语从句，而是与先行词有密切关系，而是起到对先行词的解释或说明作用。ThisisthebookIlikebest。(限定性)这是我最喜欢的书。Beijing，whichas benchinascapitalformorethan 800 years，isrichinculturalandhistoricrelcs。北京是中国800年来的古都，拥有丰富的文化和历史遗产。6。只是that，不是which情况，先行词是不确定代词，all，much，something，everyhing，anything，nothing，none，the one等。weshould doallthat isusefulltothepaeople。theres nothing that canbesaidaboutit。前置词转换为only、any、few、little、no、just、very、one of等时。theonlythingthatwecouleddowasteit。that stheverywordthat iswronglyused。【比较】thisioneofthebestnovelsthat werepublesshedlastyear。thissisnoonlyoneofthebestnovels that wassembledlastyear。先行词修改为序数时或序数时。Whenwetalaboutwuxi，thefirstthatcommesintmindistailake。修饰语是苏丹语的时候。yesterdayicaughttwfisheandputtheminabasofwater。noyoucanseethetwinathat arestillalive。先行词打包到最高级或最高级时。Thisthebestthatcanbeoneview。先行词有人也有物，which和who不合适。此时that。theridranhisbikethathatharunoveranoldwomanwereheldubythepolice，7 .只能使用which，不使用that情况，关系代词前有介词的时候。azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptorexhibition。在非限制性定语从句中。crusoesdog、whichwas arenoveryold、Bechameillanddied。关系代词后面附加了插入句的时候。herestheenglish hgrammwhich、asihavoldyou、wilhelpsimproveyourenglish。1 .the place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ interestedmemostwastethechildrenspalace . a . whi CHB . wherec . whatd . in which回答：a，2 .thisthehotel _ _ _ _ _ _ last month . a . whichtheystayedb . atthattetheystayedc . wheretheystayedatd . wheretheystayed回答iwanttousethesamedictiary _ _ _ _ _ wausedyesterday . a . whi CHB。whoc.whatd.as回答：d，4。hetaledalotaboutthingsandpersons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ theyrememberedintheschool . a . whi CHB . that c . whomdwhat回答：b、5。youretheonlyperson _ _ _ _ ivee vemet _ _ _ _ could doit . a . who；/b ./；WhomC.whom/d ./；世卫组织答复：d，6。mo zart sbirthplaceandthehouse _ _ _ he composed themagic flute areboth museum snow . a . whereb . whenc . the r