高三英语总复习专题系列训练 完形填空的技巧

高三英语总复习专题系列训练,完形填空的技巧,宝安高级中学高三英语备课组,完形填空是高考英语试题中一个重要的题型，不过考生的得分率往往较低。其实完形填空是一种很好的综合性题型，它不仅考查学生对所学词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的阅读能力；不仅考查学生的知识背景，而且考查学生的逻辑推理能力。它是一种综合考查学生语言能力，特别是语篇层次上交际能力的较难题型。为了提高综合语言能力，考生在复习中可从以下几个方面着手：,(1)培养熟练运用英语语法、短语、惯用法和搭配等知识的能力。一个人的语法知识越丰富，阅读速度就越快，对文章的理解就越全面、深刻。完形填空不直接考查语法，但它通过检查理解程度，间接地考查语法知识。习语和惯用法的搭配要作为一个语言整体来记忆，平时在阅读中要不断锤炼自己的辨析能力。,(2)培养丰富的词汇知识和扎实的辨义能力。在阅读中要注意这么几个方面：词义相近，差异何在；词形相仿，区别何在；意义近似，用法如何。当然，单词的语法知识是基础中的基础。,(3)掌握阅读技巧，提高语篇理解的能力。完形填空的主旨在于考查阅读理解能力，这种能力要靠平时的科学训练才能取得。学会成组视读、略读和寻读，这就加快了阅读速度；善抓语篇的关键词、关键句、主题句和结论句，这就有助理解整篇文章。,(4)学会正确的逻辑推断方法，锐化自己的思维能力。逻辑思维能力有助于对文章深层次意义的理解，从而更容易完成“完形”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。要顺利推知未知信息，必须加强泛读以拓宽自己的知识面。,做完形填空试题，切忌边看短文，边选答案，因为这样解题易脱离上下文孤立地看句子，从而产生错误。一般地说，解答完形填空题应遵循以下四个步骤：,(4)重读全文，校核答案。重读信息完整的文章，可以进一步加深对文章的理解。根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前句与后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性。也可以从语法、惯用法和固定搭配等方面进一步验证所选答案，修改不合理部分。,(1)通读全文，理解大意。文章大都有中心议题和中心内容。只有通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路。只有抓住了文章的主线，展开解题思路，才可使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，并尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串连起来。,(2)边读边想，初选试填。考生要遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则，用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识及根据文中语义、逻辑和搭配的需要推测选项。在选择的过程中要先易后难；对少数难题，可以先暂定答案，在复读全文后再分析推敲。,(3)瞻前顾后，寻觅启示。获得信息的来源有以下几个方面：首句所提供的信息；通读全文所获得的信息；已补充完整的句子所提供的信息；后文所提供的信息；平时积累的日常常识和背景知识所提供的信息。对上述信息全面考虑，寻找启示，选择选项。,（一）充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。例如：,1)Travellingwest,yousetyourclock_7_;travellingeast,yousetitahead.A.behindB.forwardC.backD.ahead2)Travelling_15_todaybecomesyesterday;travellingwestitistomorrow.A.southB.eastC.northD.west3)Manyoldpeopledonthavegood_13_.TheycantwatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time4)They_10_potatoesindifferentways.Theycanboilthemandfrythem.A.cookB.eatC.makeD.take,5)ManyAfricansarevery_14_andsotheycantaffordtoeatmuchmeatwiththeircereal.A.healthyB.poorC.richD.weak6)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very_7_.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous7)Thesefloatingthingsarevery_18_.Itishardtoseethem.A.bigB.fastC.smallD.dangerous8)Theinsideoftheearthisvery,very_1_.Therockhasmeltedlikeice.A.deepB.coldC.hardD.hot9)Usuallyitcannot(getout)becausetheoutsideoftheearthistoothickandstrong.Butinsomeplacestheoutsideoftheearthis_7_andweak.A.thinB.thickC.flatD.water,10)Sotheslavewaspardonedand_50_.A.killedB.richC.happyD.freed11)orbythefasttrainwhichcostalittlemorethanthebusjourneybutalittle_8_thanflying.A.moreB.fewerC.lessD.cheaper12)Someonehadtakenthe_14_diamondandputafaultyoneinitsplace.A.realB.pureC.rightD.exact13)MrsONeillasked_7_questions,andshedidntscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more14)_20_thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket_21_turnedovertothepoliceman?Shouldtheextrachangereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?20.A.ShouldB.MustC.WouldD.Need21.A.andB.orC.thenD.but,(二)注意固定的搭配。包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：,1)Theyspendmillionsofdollarsyearly_2_newspapersandmagazinesA.inB.toC.onD.at2)SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfish_6_.A.afterallB.intheendC.atallD.nolonger3)Theworldspopulationisbecoming_7_.A.fasterandfasterB.moreandmoreC.largerandlargerD.moreterrible4)Thecity(Washington)wasnamed_13_GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after5)TheycantwatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornews_14_theradio.A.fromB.forC.overD.of,6)Ifyou_4_afive-daytripacrosstheAtlanticOcean,yourshipentersadifferentzoneeveryday.A.takeB.travelC.gotoD.do7)Itwas4oclockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.MrsClarkewas_13_teaatthetime.A.cookingB.makingC.burningD.serving8)Itwasntlong_23_thepolicecaughtthethief.A.beforeB.sinceC.untilD.when9)Intheirlessonsatschool,boysandgirlsalllearnaboutsuchvirtues_19_courage,discipline,andloveforonescountry.A.likeB.asC.forD.to10)Theycanbuildupourbodies,preventus_7_gettingtoofat.A.offB.awayC.fromD.in11)Hesimplystared_5_herwiththatpeculiarexpression_6_hisface.5.A.onB.toC.inD.at6.A.inB.onC.withD.behind,（三）注意同义词的辩义,1)SoonIhearda_11_likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.from2)Givemeahand,heshouted_19_hegotneartheboat.A.whileB.tillC.forD.as3)Heeventhoughtofgoingoutintothestreettoseewhetherhecouldpassasapolicemanoutthere.Justfor_6_,ofcourse.A.jokeB.funC.playD.exercise4)Itwasapleasantwayofpassingtimeforanoldwomanwholived_2_.A.lonelyB.aloneC.awayD.busily5)Thebackdoorandthewindowswerealllockedandtherewasno_5_offorcedentry.A.sceneB.showC.signD.sight6)Thereisnothingreallynewabout_4_inexams.A.lyingB.cheatingC.guessingD.discussing,（四）根据动作的发出者确定所选的词,1)Andvideocamerascanbeusedto_16_peoplesactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch2)Thebrainthenhastodecidewhattodo,and_12_itsorderstothemusclesofthearms,legs,andsoon,A.sendB.sendsC.reachD.reaches3)Thewatch,whichMrsSmithhad_1_onthetableasshestartedherlecture,disappeared.A.seenB.droppedC.foundD.laid4)Whenthepaperswere_2_shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.A.examinedB.completedC.markedD.answered5)Onceshe(chimpanzee)wasputina_1_withfoodhangingfromtheceiling.Itwastoohighto_2_.1.A.caveB.zooC.roomD.museum2.A.pullB.seeC.eatD.reach,（五）根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项,1)andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_8_quitepleasanttaste.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or2)Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry_11_,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes3)Handsup_50_getout!A.orB.andC.butD.to4)IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,_1_Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as5)Wastethingscan,_21_should,betreatedproperly.A.butB.yetC.stillD.and,（六）根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项,1)(Immediately),theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe_13_hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest2),becausetheearth_2_twenty-fourtimezones,onehourapart.A.givesB.isdrawnC.isdividedintoD.shows3)Dontbeafraid,hesaidandstartedtoswimtowardstheriverbank,_15_theboywithhim.A.pushingB.draggingC.holdingD.catching4)Thespacebecomesbiggertolettherailexpandwhenitgets_11_.A.hotB.wetC.coldD.dry5)Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir_1_.A.jobsB.homesC.housesD.offices,Washoe_1_likeahuman,too.Thescientistskeepherinafullyfurnishedhouse.Afterahard_2_inthelaboratory，shegoeshome._3_sheplayswithhertoys.She_4_enjoyswatchingtelevisionbeforegoingtobed.,1AlivesBactsCthinksDplays2AtaskBlessonCdayDtime3AHereBThereCSoDThen4AquiteBalreadyCevenDstill,Soontherush-hour_51_begantonoticeWhata_52_！There,1350feetabovethestreet,a_53_figurewaswalkingonair.,51AstreetsBcrowdsCpassengersDcity52AheightBpleasureCwonderDdanger53AgreatBstrangeCpublicDtiny,Oneday,MrsNanetteONeillgaveanarithmetic_26_toourclass.Whenthepaperswere_27_,shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythe_28_mistakesthroughoutthetest.Thereisnothingreallynewabout_29_inexams.PerhapsthatwaswhyMrsONeill_30_evensayawordaboutit.Sheonlyaskedthetwelveboysto_31_afterclass.Iwasoneofthetwelve.,26AtestBproblemCpaperDlesson27AexaminedBcompletedCmarkedDanswered28AeasyBfunnyCsameDserious29AlyingBcheatingCguessingDdiscussing30AdidntBdidCwouldDwouldnt31AcomeBleaveCremainDapologize,IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendo