托福阅读-事实信息题.ppt

,托福阅读-事实信息题,事实信息题,I.题型识别II.解题步骤III.正确选项特点IV.错误选项特点,I.题型识别,Accordingtoparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrueofX?Accordingtoparagraph,whydidXdoY?Accordingtoparagraph7,untiltheeighteenthcentury,itwastheprincipalfunctionofwhichofthefollowingto?Accordingtoparagraph6,merchantswereabletoavoidtheriskofcarryinglargeamountsofgoldandsilverby?,II.解题步骤,Step-1.定位（根据关键词缩小定位区间）,Step-2.比较原文与选项（挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法）,II.解题步骤Step-1:定位,Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyrecognizethatfacialexpressionsreflectemotionalstates.Infact,variousemotionalstatesgiverisetocertainpatternsofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandinthebrain.Thefacial-feedbackhypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationshipbetweenemotionsandfacialexpressionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection.Accordingtothishypothesis,signalsfromthefacialmuscles(feedback)aresentbacktoemotioncentersofthebrain,andsoapersonsfacialexpressioncaninfluencethatpersonsemotionalstate.ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?,Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcauseproblemslater.Theywouldbecomemorenegative,Step-1.定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。,II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项,ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?,Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcauseproblemslater.Theywouldbecomemorenegative,Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。,II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项,ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?,Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcauseproblemslater.Theywouldbecomemorenegative,Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。,II.解题步骤总结,Step-1.小定位：a.根据题干关键词缩小定位区间。Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。,II.解题步骤-例题,Paragraph2：ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.,Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetterdocumentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.,II.解题步骤Step-1:定位,Paragraph2：ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.,Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetterdocumentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.,Step-1.定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。,II.解题步骤Step-1:定位,Paragraph2：ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.,Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetterdocumentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.,Step-1.定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。,II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项,Paragraph2：ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.,Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetterdocumentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculpturesweremadeusingtheearthenwaretypeofceramics.,Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。,II.解题步骤例题,In1820underanewlandlaw,afarmcouldbeboughtfor$100.Thecontinuedproliferationofbanksmadeiteasierforthosewithoutcashtonegotiateloansinpapermoney.WesternFarmersborrowedwiththeconfidentexpectationthattheexpandingeconomywouldkeepfarmpriceshigh,thusmakingiteasytorepayloanswhentheyfelldue.,Accordingtoparagraph3,whatwasthesignificanceofthelandlawpassedin1820?（）0Itgrantedgovernment-supportedloanstofarmers.0Itprovidedfarmlandatanaffordableprice.0Itrequiredbankstoofferloanstofarmers.0Itenabledfarmerstoselltheirlandforaprofit.,II.例题比较,Transportationwasbecominglessofaproblemforthosewhowishedtomovewestandforthosewhohandfarmsurplusestosendtomarket.Priorto1815,westernfarmerswhodidnotliveonnavigablewaterwayswereconnectedtothemonlybydirtroadsandmountaintrails.Livestockcouldbedrivenacrossthemountains,butthecostoftransportingbulkygrainsinthisfashionwasseveraltimesgreaterthantheirvalueineasternmarkets.Thefirststeptowardanimprovementofwesterntransportationwastheconstructionofturnpikes.Theseroadsmadepossibleareductionintransportationcostsandthusstimulatedthecommercializationofagriculturealongtheirroutes.8.Paragraph4suggeststhatturnpikesaffectedfarmersby（）makingthepriceofgrainuniformforbotheasternandwesternfarmersmakingwesternfarmproductsmoreprofitablethaneasternfarmproductsallowingfarmerstodrivetheirlivestockacrossmountaintrailsallowingagreaternumberoffarmerstoselltheirfarmproductsinacommercialmarket,II.例题比较,Transportationwasbecominglessofaproblemforthosewhowishedtomovewestandforthosewhohandfarmsurplusestosendtomarket.Priorto1815,westernfarmerswhodidnotliveonnavigablewaterwayswereconnectedtothemonlybydirtroadsandmountaintrails.Livestockcouldbedrivenacrossthemountains,butthecostoftransportingbulkygrainsinthisfashionwasseveraltimesgreaterthantheirvalueineasternmarkets.Thefirststeptowardanimprovementofwesterntransportationwastheconstructionofturnpikes.Theseroadsmadepossibleareductionintransportationcostsandthusstimulatedthecommercializationofagriculturealongtheirroutes.8.Paragraph4suggeststhatturnpikesaffectedfarmersby（）0makingthepriceofgrainuniformforbotheasternandwesternfarmers0makingwesternfarmproductsmoreprofitablethaneasternfarmproducts0allowingfarmerstodrivetheirlivestockacrossmountaintrails0allowingagreaternumberoffarmerstoselltheirfarmproductsinacommercialmarket,II.解题步骤总结,Step-1.小定位：b.若题干无法精确定位，可从大定位区间第一句话开始读，每读一至两句话，看一遍选项进行排除）Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。,III.正确选项特点,(1)所考段落内阐明的信息(2)该信息的同义改写,III.正确选项特点1&2,ConsiderDarwinswords:Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions.Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?,Accordingtotheparagraph3,whatdidDarwinbelievewouldhappentohumanemotionsthatwerenotexpressed?Theywouldbecomelessintense.Theywouldlastlongerthanusual.Theywouldcauseproblemslater.Theywouldbecomemorenegative,正确选项特点1&2：所考段落内阐明的信息及该信息的同义改写,IV.错误选项特点,(1)无：原文未提及(2)反：与原文矛盾(3)混：从上下文找一些词与考点区间的词混一起组成新意思(4)极端词：never,all,alwaysnone,completely,most（例外：极端词之前出现否定或原文考点区间出现极端词）(5)虚假比较:比较的选项（less/more/betterthan)常被设为错误选项,IV.错误选项特点,Paragraph2：ThefunctionandstatusofceramicsinChinavariedfromdynastytodynasty,sotheymaybeutilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,orevenritualobjects,accordingtotheirqualityandtheerainwhichtheyweremade.Theceramicsfallintothreebroadtypesearthenware,stoneware,andporcelainforvessels,architecturalitemssuchasrooftiles,andmodeledobjectsandfigures.Inaddition,therewasanimportantgroupofsculpturesmadeforreligioususe,themajorityofwhichwereproducedinearthenware.,Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofChineseceramics?Thefunctionofceramicsremainedthesamefromdynastytodynasty.Theuseofceramicsastradeobjectsisbetterdocumentedthantheuseofceramicsasritualobjects.Therewaslittlevariationinqualityforanytypeofceramicsovertime.Somereligioussculptur