英语语法倒装句与主谓一致.ppt

倒装句讲解,英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（fullinversion）；而只将be、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partialinversion）。,一、完全倒装,1.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。如:,Therestoodadogbeforehim.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.,巩固练习:1)_abeautifulpalace_thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at,2(1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。,“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语结构。,Herecomestheoldlady!Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Therecomesthebus.Nowcomesyourturn.,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:Hereyouare.Thereshecomes.,(2).表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:,IncameMr.White.Upwentthearrowintotheair.Awaywenttheboy.,)Out_,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush)_fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim.A.JumpeddowntherobberB.JumpedtherobberdownC.DownjumpedtherobberD.Downtherobberjumped,(3).当表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首时。,Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Thesoldiersrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.,5)Nearthechurch_cottage.A.wassuchanoldB.hadasooldC.wassucholdaD.issoanold,3.分词(代词)+be+主语结构。如:,Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.,)_,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein)_arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going,二、部分倒装,部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。,1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。,这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom(很少，不常）,rarely（很少，罕有）,hardly,scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）,nosooner（立即）,notonly,innoway（决不）,atnotime,few,not,no等,如:,NotaworddidIsaytohim.NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.Icantswim.Neithercanhe.Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.,巩固练习:1)Hardly_theairportwhentheplanetookoff.A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto2)Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?No,_anythinglikethatbefore.A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen3)Sheisnotfondofcooking,_I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo,2.only+状语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:,Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(介词短语)OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.(副词)Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(从句),4)Onlyinthisway_makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto5)Onlywhenthemeetingwasover_gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe,3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:,Isawthefilm,sodidshe.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.,6)ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand_.A.sodidCharlieB.CharliedidsoC.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso7)Soloudly_that_hearherclearly.A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecouldC.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould,4.Notonly+分句,butalso+分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:,NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.,但notonly.butalso.连接主语时,不倒装。如:Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.,8)_himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas,5.Notuntil放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。如:,Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.(简单句)Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.(复合句),9)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_knowwhatheatis.A.mandidB.manC.didntmanD.didman10)NotuntilIbegantowork_realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIB.didIC.IdidntD.I,6.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:,ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.Oftenhavewemadethattest.,12)Manyatime_swimmingalone.A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy,7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里,Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!,练习,1.-“Look!Here_.”-“Oh,thankGod.Here_.”A.theteachercomes;hecomesB.comestheteacher;comesheC.doestheteachercome;doeshecomeD.comestheteacher;hecomes2.Wewaitedandwaited._wehadbeenlookingforwardto.A.ThencamethemomentB.ThendidthemomentcomeC.ThemomentthencameD.Thenwascomingthemoment3._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.AWithhardworkBAlthoughworkhardCOnlywithhardworkDNowthatheworkshard,D,A,C,4.Onlyafter_togotoschool.A.NewChinawasfounded;hewasableB.wasNewChinafounded;washeableC.NewChinacameintobeing;washeableD.NewChinafounded;hewasable5.Little_abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared6.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize7.Nosooner_tothecinema_thefilmbegan.A.hadhegot,thanB.hehadgot,whenC.didheget,thanD.hadhegot,when,C,A,B,A,8.Notonly_interestedinfootballbut_beginningtoshowaninterestinit.Atheteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare9.-Didyouenjoythattrip?-Imafraidnot.And_.A.myclassmatesdonteitherB.myclassmatesdidnt,eitherC.neitherdidmyclassmatesD.bothBandC10.Sodifficult_ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound,D,B,D,主谓一致,一、谓语与A部分一致：togetherwithalongwith(或with)besides(或but/except)A+aswellas+B+谓语动词includingratherthanlikeTheboytogetherwithhisparents_tothemuseumonceaweek.(go)Noonebutus_intheclassroomatthattime.(be),goes,was,二、就近一致:neitherAnorBeitherAorBnotonlyAbutalsoBnotAbutBAorBEitheryouorIamwrong.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherdoesntknowtheanswertothequestion.NotyoubutIamtoanswerforit.Therearetwoknives,apenandseveralbooksonthetable.,三、谓语用复数：（both）AandBBothLiHuaandWangBinaregoodatplayingfootball.,四、谓语用单数：1.manya,morethanoneManyastudenthasbeentiredbyhislongspeech.Morethanonestudentisgoingtobealawyerinthefuture.eachandeacheveryandeverynoandnoEveryboyandeverygirlinourclasslikesthepopstar.Nochairandnodeskispermittedtobetakenawayfromthereading-room.,3.and连接两词表示同一人或物,谓语动词用单数.Aknifeandforkislyingonthetable.Thewriterandpoetisgoingtogiveusatalkonwriting.Afactoryworkerandawriteraregoingtogiveusatalk.4.表示时间,数目,距离,价格等名词复数作主语,作整体看时谓语动词仍用单数.如:tenpounds,fiveweeks,fivemiles等.如:Tenpoundsisenoughforsuchathinbook.Fivemilesisnotashortdistanceforaboyof7yearsold.Threeyearshaspassedsinceshecamehere.,主谓一致练习1.Everyteacherandeverystudent_foundaStudentsUnion.A.hasB.haveC.expectstoD.hopeto2.Nobodybutthem_toknowaboutthematter.A.wantB.wantsC.havewantedD.werewanted3.Nothingbuttrousers_inthatsmallshop.A.wasworthof20dollarsB.wereworth20dollarsC.wascost20dollarsD.waspaidfor20dollars,C,B,D,4.Thedictionaryaswellasthebooksthat_picturesinthem_toher.A.has;belongsB.have;arebelongedC.has;belongD.have;belongs5.Twentypercentoftheworkofthewholeyear_finishedbytheirgrouplastmonth.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wereD.was6.Aknifeandfork_onthetable.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeing7.Neitherhisparentsnorhiswife_anythingaboutit.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown,D,D,A,B,8.Fivedollars_toomuchforaticket.A.seemsB.seemC.seemtobeD.are9.Mostoftheapples_.A.wasrottenB.wererottenC.hasrottenD.haverotten10.Aboutonethirdoftheworkersinthatfactory_youngpeople.A.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeen11.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents_thechange.A.objecttoB.objectstoC.objectD.objects12.Everymeans_triedsincethen.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.is,A,B,C,A,A,13.Thispairoftrousers_mysister.A.isbelongtoB.arebelongC.belongtoD.belongsto14.Ourteam_defeatedbytheirslastSunday.A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.havebeen15.Ourteam_takingshowerswhenthedoorwasknockedopen.A.wasB.areC.wereD.havebeen16.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor_askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were17.His“SelectedPoems”_firstpublishedin1965.A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen,D,A,C,B,B,18.Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandtwosons,_toarrivethefollowingday.A.areB.aregoingC.isD.willbe19.HeaswellasI_you.A.agreewithB.agreetoC.agreeswit