英语常见句子类型详解ppt课件

CoordinationandSubordination,1,1.当我们提及同等重要的两件或多件事情或观点时，我们多采用由并列连词连接的并列分句(coordinateclauses),这种方法称为并列(coordination)。而在表达一个主句中更加重要的观点或以从句来表达不太重要的观点时，我们会使用从属(subordination)的方法。采用何种方法取决于我们所需要表达的观点之间的内部关系。,2,试比较以下三句。e.g:ThisrichmanwenttochurcheverySunday,andheneverdonatedacentforthebenefitofhisneighborhood.ThisrichmanwenttochurcheverySunday,butheneverdonatedacentforthebenefitofhisneighborhood.AlthoughhewasrichandwenttochurcheverySunday,heneverdonatedacentforthebenefitofhisneighborhood.,3,TypesofSentence(句子的类型),陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句.（declarative,interrogative,imperative,andexclamatorysentences）简单句，并列句，复合句，和并列复合句(simple,compound,complex,andcompound-complexsentences)松散句，圆周句和对偶句(loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences)短句和长句(shortandlongsentences),4,1.陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句.,根据用法来分，句子可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句.陈述句：陈述观点和事实疑问句：提出问题祈使句：表达命令和请求感叹句：抒发强烈的感情,5,2.简单句，并列句，复合句，和并列复合句,按句子结构划分简单句：一个主语和一个谓语动词，但可以有几个宾语，定语或状语。如：Weencouragedourchildrentobebrave.但是如下句子：Heandhisbrotherswenttotownandboughtapileofbooks.有的语法书做简单句，有的做并列句。,6,并列句,包含两个或者更多个的独立从句（或简单句）。这些意思相关的独立从句用并列连词（and,but,or）或分号等连接起来。意思相关的各从句不相互矛盾，大致同等重要，并按一定顺序排列。如：LinlookslikeLi;however,theyarenotrelated.HecangotoCanadatohavefurthereducationorhehasthechoicetostay.,7,复合句,包含一个主句和一个或者更多的从句。主句和从句从连词来显示它们的关系。从句可以充当全句的主语，宾语，表语，定语或状语。如：TheonewhosatinfrontofmeisMr.Chen.Eventhewisestone,whowasusuallyquickinthinkingandaction,wassilentthistime.,8,并列复合句,包含至少两个主语和一个从句，即并列句和复合句的组合。如：Actually,notallAmericansholdallthesevalues,andthosewhodomayholdother,andattimescontradictory,valuesthataffecttheirwaysofbehaving.,9,写作中这种类型句子要注意的地方,1.简单句强劲有力，意思清楚，和长句子一起用还会使句式富于变化。简单句一般用于表达需要强调或重要的意思。2.长的并列复合句可以容纳多种修饰词能清楚并准确地表达复杂的意思。,10,改写下列句子，把短句变为并列句、复合句或带有分词短语、介词短语或其他短语的句子：,1.Xucomesfromaworking-classfamily.Heenrolledincollegelastfall.2.Thedeanissuedabulletin.Itsaidthelibrarywouldremainopenatweekend.3.Lastnightwasawildnight.Thethunderroared.Thewindblewagale.Therainfellintorrents.4.Thereareiciclesonthetrees.Thetemperaturemusthavefallenconsiderableduringthenight.5.Hereturnedtohishometown.Hehadbeenawayfor12years.Helookedinvainforthefamiliarlandmarks.,11,6.Wehavemadesomeprogress.Westillhavealongwaytogo.7.Theskywascloudless.Thesunwasshiningbrightly.8.Therewereovertwohundredpassengersonboardtheplane.Aboutonethirdofthemwereforeigners.9.Thegirlbegantolearntoplaypianowhenshewasachild.Hermotherwasafamouspianist.10.NapoleonwasborninCorsicain1769.AtthattimetheislandhadjustbeenacquiredbyFrance.,12,3.松散句，圆周句和对偶句(loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences),从修辞的角度来看，句子有松散句，圆周句和对偶句(loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences)之分。,13,松散句(loosesentences),把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，读者看到前面的词就知道这个句子的内容。(即重要的先说）Heknewhehadlittlechanceofgettingthejob,althoughhewanteditmorethananythingelseintheworld.Thewillowsomehowsuggestedayoungwoman,withherlonghairflowinginthewind.,14,圆周句(periodicsentences),把最重要的安排在最后面或靠后的位置，读者只有看完整句话才知道意思。Withherlonghairflowinginthewind,thewillowsomehowsuggestedayoungwoman.Althoughhewantedthejobmorethananythingelseintheworld,heknewhehadlittlechanceofgettingit.,15,MoreExamples,ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.第一个句子的第一个部分是完整的结构，除去第二部分仍然成立，为松散句。第二个句子第一部分只是从句，起来修饰说明的作用，加上第二部分才是完整的句子，为圆周句。Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.(?),16,平衡句(balancedsentences),平衡句是并列句和并列复合句的一种。句中的各部分结构相同，但是意义相互对立。Thehumidsummersdrainedmystrength;themildwintersrenewedmyenergy.Astheyearswentby,themansionfadedfromtheirmemories,andthenewhomeoccupiedtheirefforts.,17,松散句比较易懂，简单，自然和直接。圆周句比较复杂，着重，正式和文雅。对偶句的语气强劲有力，因为包含相反的意思，节奏和谐而悦耳，容易给人留下深刻的印象。如：Letusberuthlessinourcriticism,crueltopersonalvanities,indifferenttoage,rankorexperienceifthesestandinourway.Onhearingthenews,hewasangered,andIwassaddened.,18,指出下列各句的类型（松散，圆周，对偶句）,Shemissedthestepandsprainedherankle.Badlyfrightenedbytheexplosion,theboyrushedoutofthelaboratory.TheWangsmusthavegoneawayforthesummerholidays,forwehavenotseenthemforalongtime.ItwillnotbedonebytheGovernment;itcannotbedonebyParliament.Ourfriends,whohadstartedbeforeus,promisedthattheywouldmeetus,butwhenwearrivedatthebusstop,theywerenowheretobeseen.,19,4.短句和长句(shortandlongsentences),根据句子长短来分短句：语气强而有力，令人瞩目，适宜陈述重要的事实和想法。长句：含有修饰词，能准确表达复杂的思想，适宜于解释观点，理论或描写有很多细节的事物。但是对于中国学生来讲，因为受到母语影响，学会写长句表达连贯，通顺的意思才是锻炼的重点。,20,试比较。Ilikereadingnovels.Theyoftentellmeinterestingandmovingstories.Somestoriesarealsoinstructive.Theydescribegoodandevilpeople.Theydescribethebrightsideandthedarksideoflife.Theyhelpmedistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.Inthiswaytheyhavehelpedmetounderstandpeopleandlife.Asaresult,Iseemtobecomewiser.,21,Ilikereadingnovelsbecausetheyoftentellmeinterestingandmovingstories.Moreover,somestoriesarealsoinstructive.Bydescribinggoodandevilpeople,andthebrightsideandthedarksideoflife,theyhelpmedistinguishbetweenrightandwrongandunderstandpeopleandlife.Readingthemhasperhapsmademewiser.,22,简单句，短句成复杂句，长句的小方法：,a.根据关系，加合并词。如：Johnwasacharmingyoungman.Hewasquiteintelligent,too.Thelittleboyhasdefeatedmanygrown-upsatchess.Heisonlyeleven.NotonlywasJohnacharmingyoungman,buthewasalsoquiteintelligent.Thelittleboyhasdefeatedmanygrown-upsatchess,althoughheisonlyeleven.,23,b.根据英语的习惯和句子结构，重组句子。,Ireturnedtomyroom.Therewasanoteundermydoor.ItwasfromBill.Hesaidhewasinthetownlookingforajob.Hehadntfoundanything.WhenIreturnedtomyroom,IfoundanotefromBillundermydoor.Hesaidhewasinthetownlookingforajob,buthadntfoundanythingyet.,24,c.用不同的语法结构,Whenhelefthewasabeggar.Whenhereturnedhewasamillionaire.Heleftabeggarandreturnedamillionaire.,25,d.利用从属关系，合并成复合句,MarkTwainwasawell-knownAmericanwriter.Hisexperienceasapilotonasteamboatwasnodoubtanimportantfactorthathelpedtobecomeafamouswriter.MarkTwain，whoseexperienceasapilotonasteamb