福建专用2018年高考英语总复习1HumanBiology课件北师大版.pptx

Unit21HumanBiology,-2-,主题语境:科普知识,-3-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,1.abusevt.辱骂;滥用;虐待n.滥用;虐待;辱骂,恶语高考佳句Itdealtwithissuessuchas,violenceandunemployment.它处理诸如吸毒、暴力及失业等问题。(2013福建卷,阅读理解E篇)abuseonespositionas.滥用的职务abuseonespower滥用职权abuseonestrust背信弃义drugabuse/alcoholabuse吸毒/酗酒,drugabuse,-4-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练完成句子Thelandisalivingthing.Itwillhitbackatyouifyou.土地是一种生物,如果你滥用它,它将会回击你。(2013江西卷,阅读理解A篇)IneverexpectedthathewouldIplacedinhim.我从未料到他会辜负我对他的信任。,abuseit,abusethetrust,-5-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,2.toleratevt.容忍,忍受,宽恕;容许;能经受(困难)经典例句Thissortofbehaviourwillnotbetolerated.这种行为是不能容许的。(1)tolerate+n.容忍toleratedoing.容忍/容许做toleratesb/sbsdoing容忍某人做be(in)tolerantof/towards(不能)容忍(2)tolerationn.忍受,宽容,容许tolerableadj.可容忍的,可忍受的;过得去的(in)tolerantadj.(不能)忍受的,(无法)容忍的tolerancen.容忍;忍受,宽容;耐力,-6-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用tolerate及其短语的恰当形式填空However,wecannotalwaystardiness,forordinarylivingrequiressome.然而,我们并不总是无法容忍拖延,因为通常的生活需要一些宽容。(2015陕西卷,六选五)Luckily,myparentswereofmychoiceofmusic.所幸的是,我父母容忍了我对音乐的选择。(2)写作升级Why?Heshoutedatyou!Howcanyoutolerateit?满分表达Howcanyoutolerateatyou?,beintolerantof,tolerance,tolerant,hisshouting,-7-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,3.seekv.(sought,sought)寻求,请求;试图,设法;寻找,追求高考佳句Whensomerefusevaccinationand,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.当一些人拒绝接种并要求搭便车时,免疫力便下降,并且每个人都处于更大的危险之中。(2017北京卷,阅读理解C篇)(1)seekhelpfromsb向某人请求帮助seekfor寻求,寻找seekout找出,挑出seektodosth试图去做某事seekonesadvice向某人征求意见seekonesfortune寻找出路,寻找发迹的机会(2)seekern.搜索者;探求者,seekafreeride,-8-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子OntheInternet,peoplecanabouttheirfavoritestarsandbuyticketsatadiscountaswell,whichisbothtime-savingandeconomical.在网上,人们可以寻找关于他们喜欢的明星的信息,也可以买打折票,这省时又经济。(2017江苏卷,书面表达)Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,yourdreams.你的生活足够忙碌去做家庭作业、进行运动、交朋友、追求你的梦想。(2016四川卷,阅读理解B篇),seekinformation,seekingafter,-9-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(2)写作升级Besides,businessestrytoappealtocustomerssenses.满分表达Besides,businessestocustomerssenses.(2015重庆卷,阅读理解B篇),seektoappeal,-10-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,4.opposev.反对;反抗,抵制高考佳句Manyfarmersbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.许多农民反对这个计划,因为他们害怕狼会杀死他们的家畜或宠物。(2017全国卷,阅读理解C篇)(1)opposesth反对某事opposedoingsth反对做某事seem/be/remainopposedto(doing)sth似乎/保持反对(做)某事(2)opposedadj.反对的;截然不同的oppositeadv.相对地,相反地;对面地adj.相对的,对面的prep.在对面n.反义词,对立的事物,opposedtheplan,-11-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子.bepatienttothepeoplewhoarethecompleteofthatdescription.对那些与那一描述完全相反的人要有耐心。(2016浙江卷,六选五)Iwouldcertainlythesystem.我当然会反对改变这个系统。,opposechanging,opposite,-12-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(2)写作升级Thisisagainstthe“earlybird”schedule,andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.满分表达Thisthe“earlybird”schedule,andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.(2014四川卷,阅读理解D篇),isopposedto,-13-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,5.contradictvt.违反,违背;与(其他事物)相矛盾,相反;反驳,批驳教材原句However,ifagenerationofsportsstarswithenhancedgeneswerecreated,itthewholespiritofsport.(Page34)然而,如果一代有强化基因的运动员明星被造出,这将有悖于整个运动的精神。(1)contradictoneself自相矛盾indirectcontradictionto与恰恰相反(2)contradictionn.矛盾,不一致;反驳contradictoryadj.对立的,不一致的;相互矛盾的,wouldcontradict,-14-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练完成句子Thespeakerhadgotconfused,andstarted.演讲者已经迷惑了,(说话)开始自相矛盾。Yourstatementstodayarewhatyousaidyesterday.你今天的声明与你昨天所说的话恰恰相反。,contradictinghimself,indirectcontradictionto,-15-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,6.postponevt.推迟,延期高考佳句themeltingoftheglaciers.推迟了冰川的溶化。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)postponesthto/until.把某事延迟/推迟到postponedoingsth推迟做某事,Postponing,-16-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子Theydecidedtheirtripuntilnextweek,owingtothechangeoftheweather.由于天气变化,他们决定推迟到下周起程。(2)单句语法填空Letspostpone(make)adecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.咱们在获取更多信息之后再作决定也不迟。,topostpone,making,-17-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,7.prohibitvt.禁止;阻止,使不可能高考佳句Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalking.教授耳聋,禁止讲话。(2017全国卷,完形填空)(1)prohibitsth禁止某事prohibitdoingsth禁止做某事prohibitsbfromdoingsth禁止某人做某事(2)prohibitionn.禁止;禁令,wasprohibited,-18-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用prohibit的恰当形式填空PleasenotethatanyitemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife.请注意,任何违禁物品都将被居住生活办公室拿走。(2015天津卷,阅读理解A篇)In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawthekillingofpassengerpigeons.1897年,密歇根州通过了一项法律,禁止杀死旅鸽(2014全国卷,阅读理解B篇)(2)单句语法填空Theyprohibit(take)photosinthemuseum.在博物馆他们禁止拍照。,prohibited,prohibiting,taking,-19-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(3)写作升级Thedontallowtractorstobedriveninthetowncentre.满分表达Tractorsinthetowncentre.,areprohibitedfromdriving,-20-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,8.submitvt.递交;提交;顺从;屈服;认输高考佳句Youarefreeelsewhereatthesametime.同时你可以自由地向其他地方提交你的文章。(2011北京卷,阅读理解B篇)(1)submitsth(tosb)把某物递交(给某人)submitto服从于,屈从于;把提交给,向提出(2)submissionn.提交;投降;顺从submissiveadj.服从的;屈从的;恭顺的,tosubmitthearticle,-21-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练用submit及其短语的恰当形式填空Thegirldidnthavingherfreedomlimited.那个女孩不甘于让她的自由受到限制。Tomorrowisthelastdateforofentriesforthecompetition.明天是提交参赛表格的最后期限。,submitto,submission,-22-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,1.invain徒然;白费力气高考佳句Andlookforscatteredtoys.并且徒劳地去寻找乱扔的玩具。(2016上海卷,阅读理解)takesbsnameinvain滥用的名义四维热练完成句子Asaninexperiencedteacher,Itriedeverymeanstogetthemtobequiet,.作为一名经验不足的老师,我尝试了每一种方法让他们安静下来,但都无济于事。(2015湖南卷,完形填空)Thepilotstruggledtoopentheparachute.那位飞行员努力打开降落伞却是徒劳。,invain,butinvain,invain,-23-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,2.dueto因为,由于;应归于高考佳句Thelossofglaciersthereglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.那儿由于全球变暖导致的冰川消失表明对农业的巨大威胁。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)dueto,becauseof,thanksto和owingto均可表示“由于,因为”,经常可以换用,dueto意为“由于”,一般不放在句首。becauseof用以指出原因。thanksto既可表达正面意义(多亏、幸亏),又可表示讽刺意义。owingto则侧重于表示“由于,应归功于”。,dueto,-24-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboominghighbirthrates.在印度北部,人口由于高出生率迅速增长(2017江苏卷,任务型阅读)Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworld.该镇由于大雪而和世界其他地方隔绝了。(2016北京卷,完形填空),dueto,duetoheavysnow,-25-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(2)写作升级Nowthatthechancesofdyingyoungaremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherbecauseofbetterdietsandhealthcare.满分表达Nowthatthechancesofdyingyoungaremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherbetterdietsandhealthcare.(2015广东卷,完形填空),dueto,-26-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,3.wipeout彻底毁灭;全部摧毁高考佳句Measles,whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,intheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine.通过普遍使用麻疹疫苗,曾经每年造成450名儿童死亡,甚至更多人残疾的麻疹14年前在美国几乎被彻底消灭了。(2017北京卷,阅读理解C篇)wipesthfrom/offsp.把从某处擦掉wipesthaway/off/up擦净或擦掉某物wipeoneseyes擦干眼泪wipesthclean/dry把擦干净/干,wasnearlywipedout,-27-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练完成句子“Honey,yourbasketisextra-special,”Momsaid,gentlymyhottears.“亲爱的,你的篮子是极其特别的,”妈妈说着,轻轻地擦去我的热泪。(2016浙江卷,阅读理解D篇).anoceanlevelriseofonly0.6meterswillsendtheseguysjumpingtohighergroundanda0.9-meterrisewouldtheirhabitatcompletely.海平面只上升0.6米将让这些物种跳到较高的地面,上升0.9米就会把它们的栖息地彻底毁灭。(2012浙江卷,阅读理解A篇),wipingaway,wipeout,-28-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,4.atallcosts不管多大代价,无论如何高考佳句Afterhavingtaughtfifth-gradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotrytoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.在教五年级四年后,我决定不惜一切代价尽量让他们摆脱对书的恐惧和厌恶,让他们更加经常更加爱冒险地去阅读。(2015浙江卷,阅读理解A篇)atthecostof以为代价;丧失,牺牲atacostof以的费用/价格atcost按成本atnocost不花钱atanycost=atallcosts以任何代价,atallcosts,-29-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子Wearegrowingwonderfultomatoes!我们正在不花钱而种植绝好的西红柿!(2014全国卷,短文改错)(2)写作升级Ourcountrywasoutforpeaceatanyprice.满分表达Ourcountrywasoutforpeace.,atnocost,atallcosts,-30-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,5.atanyrate无论如何;不管怎样;反正教材原句Iftrendscontinuethewaytheyregoing,theninmyopinion,yesindevelopedcountries.(Page41)如果趋势继续它们所进行的方式,那么,依我看,是的反正在发达国家是这样。atthis/thatrate照此情形;如此下去ata/therateof以的速度/比率;以的价格四维热练完成句子,letmethankyouforallyoudid.不管怎样,让我为你所做的一切表示感谢。,atanyrate,Atanyrate,-31-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,1.Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.(Page34)不幸的是,很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。Its+adj.+forsbtodosth句型该句是“Its+adj.+todosth”结构,表示“做是”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。(1)Its+adj.+forsbtodosth结构中,做表语的形容词表示不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,vital,possible等。(2)Its+adj.+ofsbtodosth结构中,做表语的形容词表示其中sb的品行、性格或性质,常见的有:kind,nice,good,friendly,wise,careful,stupid,foolish,rude,unwise,clever等。,-32-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练完成句子tosaythat.你对你妈妈说那话真是太无礼了。toprotectourenvironment.对我们每个人来说保护环境都是十分重要的。.itsmucheasiertogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.即使在解释你有多忙之后,如果你想让别人走出你的空间,还是没有给自己找个借口回去工作要容易得多。(2017全国卷,语法填空),Itsrudeofyou,Itsveryimportantforeveryone,toexcuseyourself,-33-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,2.Unlesswearecareful,“gene-therapy”willbethenextbigthreat.(Page34)除非我们小心翼翼,否则,“基因治疗”将会成为下一个重大威胁。unless引导条件状语从句句型(1)句中unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非,否则”,表示其后条件状语从句所表达的情况如果不发生,将发生主句的情况。unless可译作“如果不”,或“除非,否则”。(2)当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语动词含有动词be时,从句主语和be可以省去。,-34-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练(1)单句语法填空Unless(invite),Iwontgototheball.除非我接收到邀请,否则我不会去参加那个舞会。Unlessmoremoney(find),theircompanywillsoonclose.除非再弄到一些钱,否则他们的公司不久就会关闭。Theboywontgotosleephismothertellshimastory.如果那个男孩的妈妈不给他讲故事,他就睡不着。,invited,isfound,unless,-35-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,(2)写作升级Onecannotlearnalanguagewellifhedoesntworkhard.满分表达Onecannotlearnalanguagewellhehard.,unless,works,-36-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,3.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.(Page34)将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米,或在不到两小时的时间里跑完马拉松。havesthdone句型句中havesthdone常可表示下面三个含义:(1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。(2)(主语)让某事被。(3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。,-37-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练单句语法填空Theywouldhavethemedicine(send)byrailfromAnchoragetoNenana.他们会用火车把药物从Anchorage运到Nenana。(2016北京卷,完形填空)Mycomputerbrokedownyesterday.Illhaveit(