文化的比喻PPT课件

.,1,InterculturalCommunication,UnderstandingCulturesCulturalMetaphors文化的比喻,Presentation2,CultureisaBridge.,.,2,CONTENTS,1.TheCulturalIceberg2.TheCulturalOnion3.TheCulturalSoftware4.TheCulturalFish5.TheCulturalStory6.CulturebyChinese7.CulturebyAmericans,.,3,1.TheCulturalIceberg,.,4,CultureLikeanIceberg,a.Objectiveculture:history,literature,andcustoms.(visible,smallpart)b.Subjectiveculture:feelingsandattitudesaboutthings.(invisible,largepart),.,5,TheCulturalIceberg,.,6,finearts,literature,drama,classicalmusic,popularmusic,folkdancing,games,cooking,dress(2)eyebehavior,contextualconversationpatterns,socialinteractionrate,facialexpressions,ObjectiveCulture,.,7,(1)notionsofmodesty,conceptionofbeauty,idealofchildrearing,relationshipstoanimals(2)patternsofsuperior/subordinaterelations,definitionofsin,courtshippractices,conceptionofjustice,incentivestowork,notionsofleadership,tempoofwork,groupdecision-making,SubjectiveCulture,.,8,(3)conceptionofcleanliness,attitudestowardsdependents,theoryofdisease,approachestoproblem-solving,conceptionofstatusmobility,statusdesignationsbasedonage,sex,class,occupation,kinship,etc.(4)natureoffriendship,orderingoftime,conceptof“self”,preferenceforcompetitionorcooperation,bodylanguage,notionsaboutlogicandvalidity,patternsofhandlingemotions,SubjectiveCulture,.,9,ObjectiveCulturelanguage,logicalandnormative.2)Heroes:OttoVonBismarck(1815-1898,unitedGermany)courageousanddetermined;KarlMarks(1818-1883)preciseandcalm3）Rituals:hatetowastetome.Values:credibility,preciseness,beingperfectandpractical,GermansinCulturalOnion,.,16,Symbols:noseparationamongoffices,humorouslanguageanddressedindividually.2)Heroes:AlbertLincoln,fordemocracy;BillGates,takingriskandinnovative.3）Rituals:smallpowerdistance,equal,namesdirectly,Values:freedom,diversity,risk-takingandinnovative,AmericansinCulturalOnion,.,17,Symbols:strictlyabidebyrules,dressedneatlyandperfectly,simpleanddirectlylanguage2)Heroes:KonosukeMatsushita(松下幸之助,founderofPanasonic),firmandpersistent;AkiraKurosawa(黑泽民),inflexibleandsimple.3）Rituals:seriouswithdressing,faultywithprofessionalimageValues:highdegreeinagreement,groupisfirst,JapaneseinCulturalOnion,.,18,SevenLayersbrave;all-conquering,TheCultureinourOwnStory,.,35,WesternDragonFerocious;frightening;terrible,TheCultureinourOwnStory,.,36,6.TheCultureUnderstoodbyChinese,.,37,TheCulturebyChinese,a.writerorspeakershowsherlearningbyquotingfamouspeoplefromthepast.b.atreasureofgreatworksandculturalachievements,.,38,.,39,TheAnalectsofConfucius,.,40,DaoDejing,.,41,OutlawsoftheMarsh,.,42,TheStoryoftheStone,.,43,TheRomanceofThreeKingdoms,.,44,JourneytotheWest,.,45,“HavingCulture”,Inthe1950s,agraduatefrommiddleschool,evenprimaryschool;Inthe1960s,agraduatefromseniorhighschool;Inthe1970s,graduatesfrommiddleschoolswenttotheruralareastobereeducatedbythepeasantsthere;Inthe1980s,universitystudents;Inthe1990s,postgraduates;Inthe2000s,PhDs,.,46,7.TheCultureUndersto