专升本英语语法--主谓一致PPT课件

.,1,专升本语法复习主谓一致,.,2,在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。,.,3,.,4,一、谓语动词为单数的情况1.由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成套事物aworkerandwriter;aknifeandforke.g.1.Thepoetandwriter.(come）2.Ahammerandasawusefultools.考点：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,hascome,are,.,5,2.Everyand(every)/eachand(each)noand(no),manyaand(manya)连接两个单数名词作主语.e.g.1.Everyboyandeverygirl_togoswimming.2.Noteacherandnostudent_absentfromthemeeting.3.Eachmanand(each)woman_askedtohelp.,likes,was,is,考点：用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。something,everything,anything,nothing，somebody,nobody,noone等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。,.,6,思考：1.Manyaboyplayingbasketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。2.Morethanonestudent.不只一个学生迟到。3.Morepersonsthanonehelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。,likes,waslate,cometo,考点：若主语中有morethanone或manya/an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数。,.,7,e.g.1.Servingthepeople_mygreatesthappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.2.Whenwellgooutforanouting_.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。,is,hasbeendecided,3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,.,8,e.g.1.Airaswellaswatermatter.空气和水都是物质。2.Nooneexcepttwoservantslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。,is,was,4.单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(像),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数,.,9,5.one/everyone/each/either/thenumberof+复数名词作主语e.g.Eachofussomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说。,has,考点：eachof+复数代词,谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。,.,10,思考：Noneofusperfect.人无完人。Noneofthisme.这事一点不使我着急。,are(is),worries,考点：none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。,.,11,6.无生命集体名词clothing/cloth/furniture/traffic/jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（机器)/baggage做主语e.g.1.Clothing_badlyneededinthisfloodedarea.2.Thenumberoftheunemployed_stillincreasing.3.Alltheirbaggage_stolen.4.Thefurniture_convenienttomove.5.Allthemachineryinthefactory_madeinChina.6.Jewelry_usedfordecorationandwear.,is,is,is,was,is,is,.,12,7.以ics结尾的学科名称：physics,mathematics,以-s结尾的疾病名称：arthritis(关节炎），diabetes（糖尿病），bronchitis(支气管炎）单一政治实体：theUnitedStates；TheUnitedNations等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。e.g.Arthritis_adiseasecausingpainandswellinginthejointsofthebody.Physics_animportantsubjectinmiddleschools.,is,is,.,13,8.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。e.g.Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.,is,.,14,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1.由and/bothand连接的并列主语2.有生命的集体名词people,police,cattle,vermin(害虫）,poultry（家禽）等作主语。Thepolice_lookingforthemissingchild.3.由山脉(TheHimalayas)、群岛、瀑布(TheNiagaraFalls)、运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语。TheOlympicGames_heldonceeveryfouryears.5.anumberof/agroupof+名词作主语。,are,are,.,15,6.由两个部分组成的名词，以-s结尾，scissors，glasses,trousers谓语动词必须用复数，但这些名词前若出现apairof,谓语一般用单数。,e.g.Onepairofscissors_enough.,7.这些以-s结尾的名词：goods,clothes,arms（武器）,fireworks,stairs（楼梯）,wages做主语，谓语动词用复数。,is,.,16,1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。Hisfamily_agreatone.Hisfamily_musiclovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworks_nearthestation.,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,.,17,3.“kind,sort,pair,type，amount，quantity+名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。4.all,none,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。,.,18,例：Therestofthebikestoday.剩下的自行车今天特价出售。60%oftheappleeatenbythelittleboy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。,areonsale,was,考点一：主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及“分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。,.,19,Herethebus公共汽车来了。Hereapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。,comes,is,.,20,1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen,D,2.Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhopets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。,raise,强化练习,.,21,3.Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：apoetandartist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A4.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing解析：主语仍为thefather，单数形式；aswellashisthreechildren作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C,.,22,5._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth；isB.Twofifth；areC.Twofifths；isD.Twofifths；are解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C6.Everypossiblemeans_topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused解析：everypossiblemeans每一种可行的方式；means单复数同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：C,.,23,7.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alarge_ofdesert_coveredtheland.A.number；hasB.quantity；hasC.number；haveD.quantity；have解析：alargenumberof不修饰不可数名词；alargequantityof不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：B8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_thewinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen解析：有theonly修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：D,.,24,9.ThepopulationofChina_over1.3billionandeightypercentofitspopulation_peasants.A.is；areB.are；isC.is；isD.are；are解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。答案：A10.Greyaswellashistwocompanions_leave_Paristomorrow.A.areto；forB.isto；forC.isto；toD.areto；to解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leaveforsp.，动身去某地。答案：B,.,25,11.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother_toattendthemeetingtomorrowafternoon.A.areB.haveC.isD.had解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因yourelderbrother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。答案：C12.30%ofthecattle_thin，bu