2012高考英语 语法专项讲练――虚拟语气精品课件

2012高考英语语法专题复习系列课件,虚拟语气,一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气,虚拟语气的主要内容,考题点击：Iamnotfreetoday.IfI_freetoday,I_andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented3.IfIweretoseeTom,what_you_metotellhim?A.are,goingtoaskB.do,askC.would,askD.did,ask,B,A,C,时态,从句,主句,表示现在,过去时(bewere),should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形,1.和现在的事实相反,一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气,时态,从句,主句,表示过去,had+过去分词,should+have+过去分词would+have+过去分词could+have+过去分词might+have+过去分词,2.和过去的事实相反,时态,从句,主句,表示将来,should+动词原形would+动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形,3.和将来的事实相反,1)wereto+动词原形2)should+动词原形3)动词过去式,考题点击：,1.Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishIso.A.didntdoB.hadntdoneC.haventdoneD.couldntdo2.HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhadD.hadhad3.Theteacherorderedthatstudents_.A.mustntsmokeB.notsmokeC.smokedD.hadsmoked4.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.finishC.shouldfinishD.befinished,B,B,B,D,二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气,1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)IwishIwereashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhadaplane.2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgiveme.,2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求demand,request,require,ask;另外有:prefer注意:suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气,Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.,考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowed,D,B,B,三、主语从句中的虚拟语气,基本句型：1.Itbe+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+,过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.Itssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.,2.Itbe+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising,Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.Itsimportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.,3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that+(should)+动词原形+,考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey_eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople_theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsent,A,C,A,四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气,在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。,Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.,1)表语从句:,2)同位语从句:,Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.,考题点击：1.Wefeltasifwe_eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowing2.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit_.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplode,C,C,五、状语从句中的虚拟语气,1.用在由asif,asthough引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would+动词原形。Itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother.Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired.2.用在lest,forfearthat和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.,六、几种特殊的虚拟语气,虚拟倒装句1.Wereit(=Ifitwere)notfortheirhelp,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.2.HadI(=IfIhad)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.3.Shouldanyone(=Ifanyoneshould)call,pleasetakeamessage.,Whatwouldhavehappened,_asfarastheriverbank?(01上海)BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther,C,考题点击：,2)错综条件句Ifyou_himyesterday,you_whattodonow.askedwouldknowB.hadaskedwouldhaveknownC.askedhimknowD.hadaskedwouldknow,D,Ifyouhadntboughttheticketlastweek,howwouldyougonow?,考题点击：,3)介词短语表条件Butforyourhelp,wecouldnthavesucceeded.Nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun.,考题点击：Withoutyourhelp,we_suchrapidprogress.A.couldntmakeB.wouldntmakeC.willnothavemadeD.wouldnthavemade,D,4)情境中提供虚拟语气Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.Shewasntfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldnthaveleftthemeetingsoearly.考题点击：Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI_muchlongertime.A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetaken,D,5)比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.ifonly则表示“如果就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。IfonlyIknewmore.Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Ifonlyhecomesearly.Ifonlygrandmother_thistogetherwithusnow.A.willseeB.couldseeC.mustseeD.shouldsee,B,考题点击：,6)Its(high/low)time从句：Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.类似的结构为wouldrather从句：Iwouldratheryouattendedthemeetingthisafternoon.,考题点击：Itistimethatyou_thewholebook.A.mustgooverB.cangooverC.wentoverD.havegoneover,C,7)其它手段Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（连词）Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.（分词短语）Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.（通过上下文）,1.（10上海29）Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididntfinishtheassignmentyesterday.Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustntC.shouldD.shouldnt,答案：C考点：本题考查的是虚拟语气解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should+have+过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。,2.（10安徽26）Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe_.wasbusyB.isbusyC.hadbeenbusyD.willbebusy,答案：A考点：本题考查虚拟语气与时态。解析：前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。,3.（10湖南29）Ifhemyadvice,hewouldnthavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow,答案：C考点：考查虚拟语气。解析：根据“wouldnthavelost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。,4.（10天津15）Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold,答案：D考点：考查虚拟语气句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。解析：前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是wouldhavegone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had+过去分词。,5.（10江苏34）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butIdratherhe_moreonitsculture.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused,答案：B解析：wouldrather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。,6.（10陕西15）Ifwe_theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken,答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式mighthavearrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。,7.（10北京34）Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldntdieB.didntdieC.hadntdiedD.wouldnthavedied,答案：D考点：考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟解析：第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为Ifithadrainedevenadrop,myvegetableswouldnthavedied.If+haddone,主句为couldnt/shouldnt/wouldnthavedone.,8.（10浙江10）HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.AwouldhavebeensavedBhadbeensavedCwillbesavedDwassaved,答案：A考点：考查虚拟语气解析：根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：IfIhadknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。,9(2009年高考天津卷)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_breakdownwithinthefirstyear，wewouldrepairitatourexpense.AwouldBshouldCcouldDmight,答案：B解析：句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：Ifitbrokedown/Ifitweretobreakdown/Ifitshouldbreakdown.,10(2009年高考浙江卷)Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou_swimaftereatingalargemeal.AwouldntBcouldntCneedntDshouldnt,答案：D解析：句意：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)do”，故选D。,11(2009年高考安徽卷)Butfortheirhelp，we_theprogramintime.AcannotfinishBwillnotfinishChadnotfinishedDcouldnothavefinished,答案：D解析：句意：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用couldnothavefinished表示与过去相反。,12(2009