高考英语语法教学课件倒装

倒装结构inversion,英语句子的自然语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调；三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。,一、全部倒装,（谓语全部放在主语之前）此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时,1.therebe句型,其中be动词有时可exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen等词代替(全部倒装）1)Thereisanexperiencedteacherandmanylovelystudentsintheclassroom.,2.方位词in,out,there,here,inside,outside,up,down,away,off,downstairs,upstairs等以及now,then放在句首时，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等，并且句子的主语是名词。（全部倒装）,注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。Awaytheywent.(=Theywentaway.),2)Therelayawindingbrookinfrontofanoldhouse.,2)Nowcomesyourturntosweepthefloor.,1)AwayflewthebirdwhichIboughtyesterday.,3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。（全部倒装）“Whatsup,Tom?”askedMother.“Thecarismine,”saidTom.,注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。“Thecarismine,”hesaid.,4.为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前（全部倒装）1)Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.2)Nearbywerethecanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.,5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。（全部倒装）,1.Insidethepyramidaretheburialroomsforthekingsandqueens.2.Gonearethedayswhenweareenslaved.3.Presentatthemeetingaretenfamouswriters.,such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：,1.Suchwasnothisintention.,4.Amongthechildrenwasanoldman.,2.Sucharethefacts.,二、部分倒装,把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,1.用于疑问句。（部分倒装）Shalleverythingbereadybeforeyouarrive?WhatcanIdoforyou?,注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒.Whocanworkitout?Howmanystudentshavereadthisbook?,2.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，should/were/had被放在句首。（部分倒装）1)HadInotadoptedmyclassteachersadvice,Iwouldhavemadesuchaseriousmistake.,2)Weresheyou,shewouldtellherparentsthetruth.,3)ShouldIearnmoney,Ishouldlivebetter.,3、so,as,neither,nor,nomore位于句首，表示前面的情况也适合于另一人或物时。（部分倒装）TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.,-DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?-Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso,注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定，确认，主谓不倒装TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.“Itsraininghard.”,“Soitis.”,4.含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely,barely,never,not,few,little,neither,nor,notonly,hardlywhen,innocase,bynomeans,nosoonerthan,manyatime,often等。（部分倒装）1)Notuntilthe19thcenturywasthewrittenexaminationprobablyknown.2)Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenawayfrom,butalsohisGermancitizenship.3)Notasinglemistakedidhemade.,4)HardlyhadIreachedthebusstopwhenthebusstarted.,Hardlyanyonebelievethattoday.NotonlyyoubutalsoshehasbeentoBeijing.NeitherthegirlsnorJohnistoblame.,1.Notonlyissheagoodsinger,butalsosheisagooddancer.,2.NeitherdidhewatchTVnordidhegotothecinema.,3.Notuntilitisdarkwillwecomehome.,注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装,Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.,注意2：如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：,5.only+状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。（部分倒装）1)OnlythendidIrealizethevalueofreadingaloudeverymorning.2)Onlybymeansoftalkingcanweavoidmisunderstandingeachother.,3)Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.,6.“so/such+表语/状语+that从句”结构中的so或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。（部分倒装）1）Sofrightenedwassheinthedarknessthatshedidntdaretomoveatall.2）Suchalovelychildishethatallofuslovehim.,3）Sohurriedlydidsheleavethatsheforgottoswitchoffthelights.,7.用于形容词（名词/动词）+as/though的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装）1)Proudastheyare,theyareafraidtoseeus.2)Childasheis,heknowsalot.(Asmallchildasheis,heknowsalot.)3)Tryhardastheywould,theycouldnotliftthebox.,4)Youngestasheisinourclass,hispronunciationisthebest.,8.用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。（部分倒装或全部倒装）1）Mayyousucceed/behappy!,2)LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!,Exercises:1.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizeC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize2.Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since3.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife_sohappy.A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt,4.WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime_inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit5.Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun6.DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso,7._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard8.Now_Sallysturntokeepguard.A.thereisB.isgoingC.hascomeD.comes9.Notonly_pollutedbut_crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere,10.So_thatnofishcanliveinit.A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow11.Little_abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared12.Wasitin1969_theAmericanastronautsucceeded_landingonthemoon.A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in,13._forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot14.-Davidhasmadegrea