英语语法精品教学完整ppt课件

GRAMMARS,Teacher:REX,.,2,定语从句（TheAttributiveClause）：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,.,3,2.Whoisthemanisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?3.Achemistsshopisashopsellsmedicine.4.Thefilmwesawlastnightwasgreat.,that,which,which,.,4,5.WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastweek.6.Thisisthehouse_Ilivedtwoyearsago.7.Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.8.Thefactory_hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.,where,inwhich,when,where,.,5,倒装句（Inversion）：谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前。,原因：1、语法结构的需要2、表强调,固定倒装：1、疑问句2、therebe句式,.,6,1、在here;there;out;in;up;over;back;down;away;forward;off;high等方位副词开头的句子。,Herecomesthebus.,Outrushedthechildren.,Awaywenttheboy.,.,7,主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变(正常语序)。,Hereitis.,Hereyouare.,Hereisthemoney.,.,8,3.Only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放到句首时。,OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.,Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistakes.,Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.,.,9,4.含有否定意义的副词或连词Hardly;Never;Not;Little;Few;Seldom;Notuntil;Scarcely等放到句首时。,NevershallIforgetit.,Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.,.,10,5.“SodoI”句式。,SoamI.,NeitheramI.,Nor,Soitiswithsb.,was,.,11,6.以So;Such;Thus;等程度副词或Often;Always;Once;Manyatime等频度副词开头的句子。,Sofastdidherunthathefellover.,Oftendidhegotoseeadoctorlastyear.,.,12,7.以Now;Then等时间副词开头的句子。,Nowcomesyourturn.Thenfollowedtheteacherscomment.,8.虚拟语气倒装,.,13,特殊：（三种）1.Boyasheis,hecan,2.NeithernorNotuntilbutalso,句子（倒）句子（倒）句子（倒）句子（正）,3.Nosoonerthan,HardlyScarcely,when,Had+主语+动词过去式,.,14,情态动词（ModalVerbs）:表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”，“应当”，“必要”。,特点：1.不能单独作谓语，必须和不带to的不定式连用（即动词原形，ought除外）。2.没有人称和说的变化。3.朗读时，它的肯定式一般不重读。,.,15,1.can,could1）“能力”，“许可”，“可能性”，口语中，can可以代替may表示许可，而may更正式。Someofuscanusethecomputer.（能力）Youcangonow.（许可）2）could代替can表示委婉。3)Can（现在时；过去式）beableto（多种形式）Ihaventbeenabletofindthebook.,.,16,2.may,might“可以”，否定maynot,“禁止”，“阻止”，常用mustnot(mustnt代替maynot)。MayIwatchTV?Yes,youmay.No,youmustnt或No,Youmaynot.,No,youdbetternot.,Might语气委婉，或更加不肯定Hemightberight.,.,17,3.must,haveto1)must表示“必须”，“应该”，mustnot(mustnt)表示不应该，不准。MustIbehomebefore8oclock?yes,youmust.,No,youneednt.,donthaveto.,must与haveto的区别,.,18,4.oughtto比should语气更重一些。Heoughttogo.,Yes,heought(to).,No,heoughtnot(to).,Oughthetogo?,.,19,5.shall,should6.will表示习惯性的动作would表过去习惯性的动作1)Fishwilldieoutofwater.2)Shewouldsitlikethatforhours.,usedtodobeusedtodoing,.,20,7.need,dare1)need“需要”，“必要”，常用在否定句、疑问句中Heneedntpayforit.,Needyougonow?,Yes,Imust.No,Ineednt.,.,21,2)dare“敢，常用在否、疑、条件从句中。Shedarenotdoso.need、dare可用作行为动词,Shedarestodoso.,Doesshedaretodoso?,shedoesntdaretodoso.,.,22,非谓语动词：不能单独作谓语，不随人称和数的变化而变化的一种形式。,不定式（一）成分：作主语：ItisveryimportanttostudyEnglish.作宾语：Wehopetoplayfootballtoday.作表语：Hiswishistobecomeawriter.作补足语：Theyelectedmetobethemonitor.Thebabyisoftenheardtocry.,宾补,主补,.,23,5.作定语：Heislookingforsthtoeat.6.作状语：Imveryhappytoreceiveyourletter.7.插入语：Totellyouthetruth,Idontlikeyou.（二）不定式复合结构：,原因,Itsnecessaryyoutoreadthebook.,for,.,24,（三）疑问词+todowhowhatwhichwhenwherehowwhyItdoesntmatterwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmehowtogotothehospital?（四）不带to的不定式（省略to）,make,let,have,hear,observe,notice,watch,feel,see,Hemadethechildcry.Isawhimgoout.,.,25,（五）不定式的进行式：tobedoing它表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。,Thetwoweaverspretendedtobeworkinghard.,IdidntexpectyoutobewatchingTV.,.,26,动名词：doing（一）成分：1.作主语：Skatingisveryinteresting.2.作宾语：Ilikereadingnovels.Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourletter.3.作表语：Hisjobisteaching.4.作定语：Thosearegoodreadingmaterials.,.,27,（二）复合结构：形容词物主代词（或名词所有格）+doing,1.Hersonscomingmadetheoldladyhappy.,2.Idontmindyourbeinglate.,（三）时态和语态1.它的完成式表示动名词动作发生在谓语动词之前。Iregretnothavinghelpedyou.,.,28,2.表示被动Heriskedbeingpunished.Istillrememberedhavingbeenpunishedlastyear.,（一般被动）,（完成式被动）,.,29,比较：不定式和动名词（一）1.begin,start,continuedoing,2.rememberforgetgoonstoptry,tododoing,.,30,Iforgotreadingthatbook.Iforgottoreadthebook.Theystopworking.Theystoptohavearest.,.,31,3.need,want,require,tododoing,Theroadneedsrepairing.,toberepaired,4.like,love,dislike,hate,tododoing,Ihatebeingfooled.IhatetobefooledbyTomtoday.,.,32,（二）V+doingmind,prevent,finish,consider,avoid,enjoy,keep,suggest,resent,risk,excuse,delay,mention,imagine,mean（意味着），regret,miss（错过），appreciate,（三）短语+doingcanthelp,giveup,bebusy,spend(in)havedifficulty/trouble(in),.,33,（四）V+todopretend,refuse,mean（想要），hope,wish,expect,decide,promise,manage,plan,learn,现在分词：doing,done（一）成分：1.作表语：Thestoryisveryinteresting.Mybikeislost.,.,34,2.作定语：单个分词放在呗修饰词之前，分词短语放在被修饰词之后。ThemovingcarwasboughtfromJapan.Icantfindthekeyplacedinthisdrawer.,3.作补语：Ifoundmysonfallingdown.Shewasheardsingingasongatthemoment.,宾补,主补,.,35,4.作状语：分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,Entertheclassroom,Isawstudentsreading.,ing,Drivetheclassroom,Isawstudentsreading.,Driving,Hewastellingastory,surroundbymanystudents.,ed,.,36,独立主格结构：分词逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，用名词或代词加在分词之前作它的逻辑主语（有时可在逻辑主语之前加with），多用于书面语。,Springcomeon,leavesturngreen.,coming,Withfinancialtroublessolve,hewanttobuyaTVset.,solved,.,37,（二）完成式：它表示动作发生在位于动词之前，或有一定的时间间隔。,Finishthework,Iwenthome.,Havingfinished,Beat,Jackstayedinhospital.,Havingbeenbeaten,（三）现在分词与过去分词的比较现在分词和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系动名词表示被修饰词“供使用”,.,38,awritingman,(amanwhoiswriting),(atableforwriting),awringtable,作宾补：现在分词强调动作正在进行不定式强调动作已经发生,Iheardthebellringing.Iheardthebellring.,.,39,虚拟语气(theSubjunctiveMood),英语动词一般带有三种不同的语气,一、陈述语气：陈述事实。（肯、否、疑问、感叹等形式）,二、祈使语气：表示请求、命令、劝告。,三、虚拟语气：表示说话不是事实，或是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等，常用于正式书面语中。,.,40,IfIwereyou,Ishouldntdothat.,从句主句,现在相反：过去式(be-were)would+do,wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.,过去相反：had+donewould+have+do,Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.,.,41,从句主句,将来相反：过去式dowould+doShould/wereto,Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.,.,42,从句主句,过去相反：had+donewould+have+do,现在相反：过去式(be-were)would+do,将来相反：过去式dowould+doShould/wereto,.,43,其它用法：1)在某些动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气。(should+do,should可以省略),表示欲望：desire,prefer,ask,request,pray,demand,require,表示建议、劝告：suggest,recommend,propose,advise,表示命令、主张、决定：command,order,decide,insist,maintain,urge,Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight.,.,44,2)在主语从句中:Itis(was)+important+that主从(should)+donecessarystrangenaturalorderedsuggestedrequested,Itisstrangethatshe(should)refusetocometotheparty.,.,45,3)在同位语及表语从句中:涉及到下列名词Suggestion,idea,proposal,advice,requirement,order(n.),fact,plan(n.),importance,demand,HissuggestionIthatwe(should)listentotheteachercarefully.,Thisishissuggestionthatyou(should)getupearlierthanbefore.,.,46,4)asif,asthough引导状从或表从时，内容不真实，要用虚拟。现在相反：过去式过去相反：had+done将来相反：would/could/might+do,Itlooksasifitmightrain.,HetalkedasifhehadtakenpartintheLongMarch.,.,47,5)wish:现在相反：过去式过去相反：had+done;would+have+done将来相反（或把握性不大）:would/could/might+do,IwishIknowtheanswer.,Iwishhewouldtryagain.,.,48,6)Ifonly:,IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!,IfonlyIhadknownthenewsearlier.,7)incase,lest,forfearthat+(should)+do,Becar