高中英语 名词性从句课件

名词性从句,RelatedConception(相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,TheboyisLiMing.,主语,表语,Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.,主语,同位语,直接宾语,间接宾语,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句(TheSubjectClause),宾语从句(TheObjectClause),表语从句(ThePredicativeClause),同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause),请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idontthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),_,_,_,_,_,_,_,主语从句,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that，不能省略。,主语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”,ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.Whetherhellbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyetisnotclearsofar.,主语从句,主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。,Thathewillcomehereisknowntous.,Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere.,_,_,_,表语从句,在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。,注意：引导表语从句的连接词不省略。,表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”,Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.MyquestioniswhetherPollycanfindherwayhomeTheproblemishowPollyisgoingtofindusinthecrowd.,_,_,_,宾语从句,在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语或be+adj.后宾语的句子叫做宾语从句,Idontknow（that）youwillcomehere.Youshouldfirstmakesureofwhathadhappenedyesterday.Iamglad(that)youlikethepresent.Iwonderif/whetheritisagoodidea.,注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。,Vt.Prep.Be+adj.,宾语从句,_,_,_,_,_,我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。,Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcome.,Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.,Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?,Hedoesntcareifitisntafineday.,注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与ornot连用；作介词宾语只用whether;从句是否定句时一般用if。,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,_,_,_,_,同位语从句,在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等抽象名词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。同位语从句一般用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where,whether等。,Shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatched.Thenewsthathecouldntcomemadeusupset.WhatevergaveyoutheideathatIcansing?,_,_,_,试区分以下句子,Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?,Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?,注意：1.定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系词充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),Tellthedifference,1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.,3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.,同位语从句,同位从句,定语从句,定语从句,I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）,Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.,B,B,B,考点：连接词的选择,1.连词：that,whether,if。2.连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,which等。3.连接副词：when,where,why,how等。,方法和步骤（一找二看四如果）1找连词划从句,确定是名词性从句；2看从句中是否缺主，宾，表，定：如果缺主，宾，表，定，则选连接代词；如果不缺主，宾，表，定，则：3看主句句意是否完整，是否荐在疑问如果主句句意完整，不荐在疑问则选:that;如果主句句意不完整，荐在疑问则选:whether,和连接副词：when,where,how，why,指物缺主宾表语：what指人缺主语：who指人缺宾表语：whom,who指人或物缺定语：whose,what,which,主宾表定,状语,不充当成份,原则：从句中缺什么就补什么。,It+be+形容词that从句,Itistrue/clear/obvious/possiblethat从句（陈述语气）Itisnecessary/important/naturalthat从句（虚拟语气）Sb(should)dosthSth(should)bedone,特别注意：一、主语从句中：It作形式主语的固定句型：,Itistruethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Itwasnecessarythatyou(should)askforhelpwhenthetaskistoodifficult.Itwasimportantthatourwork(should)befinishedontime.,It+be+-ed分词that从句,Itisbelieved/said/reported/knownthat（陈述语气）Itisadvised/suggested/ordered/demanded/requiredthat从句（虚拟语气）Sb(should)dosthSth(should)bedone,ItisbelievedthatChinaisthemostdevelopingintheworld.Itisadvisedthatpeople(should)smileeveryday.Itwasrequiredthatthehouse(should)bepulleddownatonce.,It+be+名词that从句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat事实是Itisapitythat遗憾的是,It+不及物动词that从句,Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起Itseemsthat.好像.Itmattersthat.有关系,注意：当it作形式主语时，引导主语从句的连接词可省略。,特别注意：二、that引导名词从句在从句中不充当成份，只起连接作用，在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句不能省略，但在宾语从句和it作形式主语而主语从句后置的情况下可省略；在由多个that引宾语从句中，只能省略第一个从句中的that.eg:Tomsaid(that)heenjoyedstayinginthecountrysideandthathewouldcomethenextyear.三、whether和if1)whether可引导所有名词性从句，而if只引导宾语从句；2)引导宾语从句时，下列情况只用whether：(1)在动词discuss之后。(2)在介词之后。(3)后面紧跟ornot。(4)动词不定式前,四、表语从句还可有because,asif,asthough作引导词Thatisbecausehewasheldbackbythetraffic.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasheldbackbythetraffic.Helooksasif/thoughhehasknownall.,特别注意：,五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气1在主语从句中：importantnecessaryadvisedsuggestedorderedrequired,thatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedone,It+be+,It+be+,thatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedone,特别注意：,2在表语从句中：MysuggestionMyadviceMyorderMyrequirementeg.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)allgoouttoplayforawhile.Hisorderwasthatthetask(should)befinishedintwodays.,is,thatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedone,3在宾语从句中：suggestadviseorderrequiredemand,sb,thatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedone,Eg:Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Herequiredthatthebridge(should)becompletednextyear.,4在同位语从句中：,thesuggestiontheadvicetheorderthedemandtherequirement,thatsb(should)dothatsth(should)bedone,Hissuggestionthatwe(shouldhelp)thepoorwasacceptedbyallofus.Theorderthatthemoney(should)bereturnedtotheownerwasgivenbytheofficial.,特别注意：,六、名词从句都用陈述语序Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme.Heaskedwhenwewouldstartoutthenextday.Didyoufindoutwherehelosthiscar?,七、doubt,possibility用于疑问句和否定句中用that引导；doubt用于肯定句用whether引导。Thereisnopossibilitythathewillcomeontime.Isthereanypossibilitythathewillcomeontime?Idontdoubtthathewillcome.Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.,八、宾语从句中的否定转移,我认为他不会来这里,Ithinkhewontcomehere.()Idontthinkhewillcomehere.(),1主句的主语是第一人称2如果宾语从句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。,特别注意：,特别注意：,九、特殊疑问词+ever的用法whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however表泛指的概念，不需做出回答,表示“无论.”；what,who,whom,which,when,where,how则是特指的概念，有疑问，希望回答。,_wantstogotothepicnicshouldsighnamehere.Idontknow_willgotothepicnic._youdowillbesupportedbyme._youwilldowilldogreatharmtoothers.,Whoever,Who,Whatever,What,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedon