2003-2015全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级历年真题及答案

2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. Different hypothesis have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A. sentence B. comments C. conclusions D. Theories2. She is a lovely gracious woman.A. courteous B. curious C. quiet D. shy3. She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A. embraced B. held C. kissed D. patted 4. It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A. heard of B. looked of C. spoken of D. rubbed out5. He never grumbled about working overtime.A. talked B. wrote C. spoke D. complained 6. To start with , we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A. chair B. attend C. celebrate D. prepare 7. I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A. courageous B. greedy C. angry D. glorious8. I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A. decision B. mistake C. promise D. plan9. He came back home ，weary and fatigued.A. scared B. worried C. exhausted D. frightened10. I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A. late B. unfriendly C. suddenly D. unfold11. He was obsessed with American horror movies.A. kept thinking about B. took advantage of C. paid no attention to D. cared nothing about12. You accusation is wholly without foundation.A. almost B. probably C. cpmpletely D. evidently13. My room is really very cosy. .A. cool B. comfortable C. cold D. clean 14. Some astronomer contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed.A. predict B. argue C. think D. suggest 15. The woman living next door is extremely slender. A. tall B. weak C. slim D. pale 第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 One-third of parents lack facts about child developmentOne-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development, including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study findsFor instance, the study found that many parents dont know that 1-year-olds cant tell the difference between right and wrong, and often dont cooperate or share when playing with other childrenThe results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young children, said lead author Dr Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Medical Center, in New YorkThey were watching or had just watched their kids go through this development, and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybodyParadis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents - 986 percent of whom were mothers - of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies As part of the survey, the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a babys developmentThe researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kidsOne-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy healthy interactions with their childrenA lack of proper understanding of a childs development can cause assorted problems, Paradis said For example, she said, a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctors appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander aroundA mom could misinterpret a childs normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant, and could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time, Paradis said That could hinder the childs potential for full growth and developmentThe findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in HonoluluOne solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents By improving knowledge of child development among all parents, not just those who are at highest risk, theres an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction, she said It can ultimately lead to better parenting16. A majority of parents of babies know little about child developmentA. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned17. Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrongA. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned18. The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child developmentA. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned19. Most American families are nuclear rather than extended onesA. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned20. Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home. A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned21. Children of one and a half years old like to sit stillA. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned22. Parent-child interaction can in no way be improvedA. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Ebola Outbreak1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable .4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the bodys inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the bodys normal clotting mechanism（凝血机制），making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion（器官灌注），ultimately lead to organ failure and death.6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria （疟疾）are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the worlds most fatal viral infections. Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.A. Am I at risk of contracting the virus?B. Is the current outbreak the deadlines?C. How do I know if I have contracted the virus?D. What areas are currently affected?E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body?F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?23 paragraph 2_24 paragraph 3_25 paragraph 4_26 paragraph 5_27 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in _.28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in _.29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear _30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with _.A. infected body fluidsB. against the outbreak severityC. the mode of transmissionD. the initial days of being infectedE. three countries in West AfricaF. within a wide range of days第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Ear BreakthroughNew research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing peopleThe latest research, conducted by Dr Jorg T Albet, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory（感觉的）cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates（脊椎动物）including humans The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear worksDrAlbert saysThe biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazingWe may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic（机械学的）similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that bring about hearingBut even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and what is sometimes even more important -will surely help us ask the right questionsThe work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK, the countrys only medical research charity for deaf peopleVivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UKsays, This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafnessThe charity will continue to support culling-edge（尖端的）research through its Fellowship programme at the UCIEar institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of securing audical improvements in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of all forms of hearing impairmentThere are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as hair, cellsThe cells can be images and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and, because the cells dont regenerate, the result is progressive -and irreversible -hearing loss Damage to these cells can also lead to tinnitus（耳鸣）,which affects around five million people in the UK.31. A person who is hard of hearing is_.A. not able to hear properlyB. totally deaf form birthC. unwilling to listen to othersD. ignorant of how the ear works32. Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used_.A. to target how the ear worksB. to study the fruit flyC. to stimulate sensory cellsD. to amplify sound signals33. Fruit files and humans share similarities in how they_.A. ask and answer questionsB. pass on their genesC. reproduceD. convert sound into nerve signals34. Vivienne Michael from Deafness Research UK highly appreciates_.A. the genetics of deafnessB. the charitys Fellowship programmeC. improvements in treating hearing impairmentD. the latest research conducted by Dr.Albert35. Hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cells_.A. can affect five million people in the UKB. can be progressively repairedC. cannot be curedD. cannot lead to tinnitus第二篇 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ ScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.36. The researchers in this study come from _.A. Aby health centreB. the Swedish armyC. the National Academy of SciencesD. a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital37. Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness ?A. Brain size.B. Good lung capacityC. Clear logical thinkingD .Muscular strength38. By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT _.A. cognitive performanceB. heart capacityC. verbal comprehensionD. emotional behavior39. The study finding include the following EXCEPT that _.A. growth factors are significant for a persons IQ.B. young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests.C. youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education.D. young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ.40. The word secured in the last paragraph is closes in meaning to _.A. insuredB. assuredC. obtainedD. studied第三篇 Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations, Jerilyn Ross, the associations president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves, Ross said.Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance，Ross noted. It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships， she said.People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Rose noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it, she said.Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on1， Pollack said. The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13，and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to2 earlier childhood. The disorder also has physical symptoms，including heart palpitations，feelings that their throat will close up3，sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didnt want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition，Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.41. Which of the following is not true of the people with social anxiety disorder?A. They find difficult to make friends.B. They tend to judge or criticize other people.C. They are often isolated and ashamed.D. They frequently fail to get timely treatment.42. People with the disorder think that their fear is _.A. justifiedB. beneficialC. beyond controlD. controllable43. Usually the disorder starts to affect people when _.A. they fall in loveB. they begin to workC. they get in their earlyD. they are in their early teens44. All the following are likely symptoms of the disorder EXCEPT _.A. heart palpitations.B. sweating.C. sore throat.D. blushing.45. The la