高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧PPT课件

.,1,高考阅读指导之猜测词义,.,2,高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息(细节题)；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。,.,3,Theunderlinedword“”refersto(means/standsfor).Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceof/bereplacedbytheword“”?Whatisthemeaningof“”asthewordsareusedinthetext?Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“”?,常见词义猜测题型,.,4,考查方向：、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；、对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；、通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。,.,5,1.Definition定义法,3.Similarity相似法,2.Contrast对比法,4.Causeandeffect因果法,5.Example例举法,8.CommonSense普通常识,6.WordFormation构词法,猜测词义技巧,7.Context上下文,Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.,1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。,(adj.易碎的,脆的),Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,(n.牧羊人),.,7,定义常见词汇及短语：becalled,beknown,bedefinedas,constitute,referto等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。,解释常见词汇及短语：or,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitanotherway等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。,2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but,yet,while、however,otherwiseontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inspiteof,instead等。,Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.,Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.,A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly,A,(v.不同意),3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。,Cleaningupwaterwaysisangigantictask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.,(adj.巨大的;极大的),.,11,4.CauseandEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。,Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.,Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.,(adj.贫穷的,穷困的),(concentrate/focusherattentionon),.,12,因果关系常见词汇及短语：since,as,because,for,dueto,owingto,forthereasonthat,resultfrom,so,therefore,thus,consequently,resultin等。,.,13,5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas,like等。,Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.,(n.电器用具),6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义，即派生。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了;另外还有合成与转化。,.,15,常见的前缀和后缀如：super-(超)mini-(迷你的,微小的)micro-（微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向),.,16,supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)antiageingnonsmoker(抗衰老的)shewolfsleep-walk(母狼),Canyouguesstherightmeanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(梦游),.,17,Eg.Imgoingtobuyamicrobus.,micro+bus微型公共汽车,.,18,Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat,7.Context上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。,.,19,8.Commonsense普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。,在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。,Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.,n.麻醉剂(药),.,20,practicemakesperfect,.,21,1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever2.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱,小试身手,.,22,4.Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges.5.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.6.Williamshakesparesaid.“thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeansaSimplebmixedcsaddhappy,稳定的,动物的地盘,.,23,7.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.8.Theotherquestionedtheveracity-thetruthfulnessofthesereports.,.,24,9.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,howeve