高中英语定语从句精讲

,.,thehandsomethetallthestrongthecleverthenaughty,boy,TheboyisTom.,TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.,TheboywhoistallisTom.,TheboywhoisstrongisTom,TheboywhoiscleverisTom,TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.,TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语),TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,1.定义：,又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词、代词或一个句子，起定语作用。,2.先行词：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,3.关系代词、关系副词：,引导定语从句的词,关系代词,关系副词,who,whom,whose,which,that,as,when,where,why,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语,在定语从句中作状语,TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,先行词,引导词(关系代词),定语从句,句子主干：,TheboyisTom.,Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.,句子主干：定语从句：先行词：关系代词：,Adictionaryisabook.,whichgivesthemeaningofwords.,book,which,关系代词:,who指人,在从句中作主/宾语(作宾语可省）,ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,他就是那个卖鸡蛋的人吗？Ishethemanwhosellseggs?,我照顾的这个男孩是我朋友的儿子。TheboywhoItakecareofismyfriendsson.,关系代词:,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,3.whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换。在从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。,DoyouknowtheboywhoseEnglishisthebest?Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.whosecover=ofwhichthecover=thecoverofwhich,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?,Wefoundahouseofwhichtheroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousetheroofofwhichhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousewhoseroofhadbeendamaged.,4which指物，做主语或宾语，作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省,1.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.,2.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.3.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.,Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.,Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.,Canyoulendmethebookaboutwhichyoutalkedlastnight?,Exercises,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.,5.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?,(),2.Theperson(that/whom)youintroducedtomeisverykind.3.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.4.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,(2)先行词被all,some,any,no,every,little,muchtheonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。,Ivereadsomebooksthatarenotmine.Thisistheverypresentthatbelongstohim,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,Thisisthefirstnovel(that)hehasread.,(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?.(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidntknowthething.,(4)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.,但在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that。,(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.,关系代词的用法,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,Thescientistwemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which,whowhomthat,4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略,限制性定语从句举例：1.TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.2.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.3.InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.,非限制性定语从句举例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.2.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.3.LastsummerIvisitedthePeoplesGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.,1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.,（她还有其他哥哥。）,（她只有一个哥哥。）,2.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.,（带插图的书写得好。）,（所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图）,关系副词的用法,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.,onwhich,Illneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.,1when在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。,你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,Thelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.,2where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词。相当于“介词+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance,等先行词。Therearecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?,Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisthathecouldntarriveontime.,3why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于forwhich。,thereasonwhyisthat的原因是,他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。,Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.,Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.,在thereasonwhy结构中，why引导定语从句，它也可以换为forwhich或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。3.thereasonisthat结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。,as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。,2.which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”或“andthat”.译为“这一点”。as只能代指整个主句的内容。常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构。asisknown,asisreported,asissaid,asisexpected,asweallknow,etc.,1.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.2.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.3.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asisknowntoall.4.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.5.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.6.Hedidntcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.,3.as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；而which则不一定。Heisverystrict,asisshowninhiswork.Themanisverylearned,asisdescribedinthebook.4.先行词前有thesame,such限定时，关系词只能用as.Ihavethes