2018年高考完形填空专项指导

完形填空专项指导,2017年全国一卷Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage(美式手语).Ineverfeltanurgeto43anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoareallmyfriends.The44languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions(交往).LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy45forASL.The46beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub47theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery48ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe50.Thisnewnessjustleftme51more.Afterthat,feelingtheneedto52further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclubsmeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto53thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy54progress,Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto55thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.Thefollowingterm,I56anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas57.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhave59ustolearnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe60wayofcommunicationitopens.,41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal42.A.progressB.experienceC.majorD.opinion43.A.chooseB.readC.learnD.create44.A.officialB.foreignC.bodyD.spoken45.A.loveB.concernC.goalD.request46.A.meetingB.tripC.storyD.task47.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason49.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted50.A.endB.pastC.courseD.distance51.A.showingB.actingC.sayingD.wanting52.A.exerciseB.exploreC.expressD.explain53.A.printB.writeC.signD.count54.A.slowB.steadyC.normalD.obvious55.A.chairB.sponsorC.attendD.organize56.A.missedB.passedC.gaveupD.registeredfor57.A.prohibitedB.welcomedC.ignoredD.repeated58.A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However59.A.requiredB.causedC.allowedD.expected60.A.easyB.popularC.quickD.new,2016年全国一卷AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers,Inc.Onemorningin2009,Larrywas_41_along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawomansvoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived,Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe57ifhewasneededor58togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.Onethingis59Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His60mostlikelysavedthewomanslife.,41.A.walkingB.touringCtravelingDrushing42.A.passengersB.colleaguesC.employersD.customers43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.If44.A.eachB.anotherC.thatD.his45.A.flamesB.smokeC.waterD.steam46.A.usedB.disabledC.removedD.abandoned47.A.gotholdofB.preparedC.tookchargeofD.controlled48.A.camedownB.camethroughC.cameinD.cameover49.A.returnedB.receivedC.madeD.confirmed50.A.thenB.againC.finallyD.even51.A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.Approaching52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm53.A.forB.soC.andD.but54.A.explodeB.slipawayC.fallapartD.crash55.A.asifB.unlessC.incaseD.after56.A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbiddenB.readyC.askedD.free59.A.forcertainB.forconsiderationC.reportedD.checked60.A.patienceB.skillsC.effortsD.promise,2015年全国一卷MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway，wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid,“_41_myjob.FamilytoFeed.”Atthisstore,a_42_likethisisnotnormal.My10yearoldnoticedhimandmadea_43_onhowbaditmustbetohavetostand_44_inthecoldwind.Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidsto_45_somethingtheythoughtour“friend”therewould_46_.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.Thenmy17yearoldsuggestedgivinghima_47_.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere_48_oncashourselves,but.well,sometimes_49_fromourneedinsteadofourabundanceis_50_whatweneedtodo!Allthekids_51_somethingtheycoulddoawaywithfortheweek.Whenwehandedhimthebagof_52_，helitupandthankeduswith_53_eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor_54_hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.Thishasbeenawonderful_55_forourfamily.Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecan_56_！Thingswouldhaveplayedoutso_57_ifIhadsimplysaid,“No,wereallydonthave_58_togivemore.”Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherin_59_，italsogavemykidsthe_60_tasteofhelpingothers.Itllgoalongwaywiththem.,41A.LostBChangedCQuitDFinished42A.conditionBplaceCsightDshow43A.suggestionBcommentCdecisionDcall44A.outsideBproudlyCbyDangrily45A.drawBsayCarrangeDpick46A.orderBsupplyCappreciateDdiscover47A.dollarBjobChotmealDgiftcard48A.easyBlowCsoftDloose49A.givingBsavingCspendingDbegging50A.yetBevenCstillDjust51A.declaredBsharedCignoredDexpected52A.toysBmedicineCfoodDclothes53A.sleepyBwateryCcuriousDsharp54A.whoeverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever55A.experienceBexampleCmessageDadventure56A.relyonBrespectClearnfromDhelp57A.suddenlyBvividlyCdifferentlyDperfectly58A.timeBpowerCpatienceDmoney59A.fearBloveCneedDmemory60A.strongBsweetCstrangeDsimple,完形填空考什么？,高考完形填空的特点是突出语篇，以文章的语境理解为主，考察学生综合运用语言知识的能力。,高考完形填空的特点,完形填空题是高考英语试卷中的重要题型,主要考查学生综合运用语言的七种能力:,1.词语辨析能力;2.语法结构分析能力;3.语篇理解能力;4.逻辑推理能力;5.文化背景透析能力;6.作者意图剖析能力;7.生活常识综合运用能力。,完型填空怎么考？,1.所选短文的体裁多为记叙文和说明文。写人或记事,兼有个别议论的句子,趣味性强并具有教育意义。一般为一篇约250词的短文,其内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明。文章首句不设空,并交代相关的背景材料,可挖掘的信息点很多,对整篇文章的理解起着至关重要的作用。,命题趋势,2.动词、名词、形容词等实词是考查的主体,实词中又以单词为主,较少涉及短语的考查。突出语篇,考查词汇在语境中的运用。考生只有通过了解文章所给出的语境,善于运用逻辑推理能力,才能准确进行判断。这样考查的是考生灵活运用所学词汇的能力。,怎样做完形填空题？,1.通读全文，掌握大意2.重视首句，把握开篇3.细读全文，确定选项4.重视复核，消除疏漏,完形填空解题方法,一、步骤：,一篇文章的首句，往往会是文章的主题句，是文章的中心、灵魂，常常包含对解题有用的信息，后面的内容都是围绕这个中心来展开或论述的。通过对首句句意、语境的理解可以快速判断文章的体裁、题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断故事发生的人物、时间、地点、天气、气氛等多方面的特征。,二、技巧：,1.利用首句信息，推测主旨要义,在完形填空选项的设置上多考查学生通过上下文的前后提示和暗示对整体文意进行把握的能力。做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。开头的题目需要从下文查找信息；中间的题目需要从上下文查找信息；最后的题目需要从上文查找信息。信息常见的有单个的词、短语、句子，但有时候是语境暗示。,2.寻找暗示信息，重视语境意义,在完形填空选项的设置上，命题人往往会通过同义、反义重复已经出现的词汇或创设一种必须用特定词汇的语境来考查学生对词汇在具体语境中的运用能力。在做题时要注意上下文中出现的词汇与选项中的词汇是否一样；从上下文分析是否有该词使用的语境；一般规律为上文出现的词从下文找，反之亦然。,3.运用词汇复现，寻找相关词语,1.急于求成,未通读全文便忙于答题,不了解文意,无整体概念,忽略上下文语境关系,边读边填,两眼忙于空白与选项之间,欲速则不达。2.只抠字眼、语法,不顾文意,抓不住关键。3.断章取义,就题论题,不管前后联系,互不照应,前后矛盾。,做题三忌:,2017年全国一卷Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage(美式手语).Ineverfeltanurgeto43anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoareallmyfriends.The44languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions(交往).LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy45forASL.The46beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub47theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery48ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe50.Thisnewnessjustleftme51more.Afterthat,feelingtheneedto52further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclubsmeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto53thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy54progress,Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto55thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.Thefollowingterm,I56anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas57.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhave59ustolearnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe60wayofcommunicationitopens.,体裁：,记叙文,大意：,我学习美式手语的经历,watchaperformance,dropinonmeetings,registerforclasses,Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage(美式手语).41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal42.A.progressB.experienceC.majorD.opinion,this,词汇复现,句意,chagne.forthebetter使.变好,While即使,Ineverfeltanurgeto43anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing,andsoareallmyfriends.The44languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions(交往).LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy45forASL.43.A.chooseB.readC.learnD.create44.A.officialB.foreignC.bodyD.spoken45.A.loveB.concernC.goalD.request,下文暗示信息，前后句是因果关系,上文信息，前后句是因果关系,全文信息,urge-astrongdesire,The46beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub47theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery48ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.WhatIsawwascompletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe50.Thisnewnessjustleftme51more.46.A.meetingB.tripC.storyD.task47.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason49.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted50.A.endB.pastC.courseD.distance51.A.showingB.actingC.sayingD.wanting,根据下文,根据下文,unlike,newness,根据上文49题,全文信息,本句句意,Afterthat,feelingtheneedto52further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclubsmeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto53thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy54progress,Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto55thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.52.A.exerciseB.exploreC.expressD.explain53.A.printB.writeC.signD.count54.A.slowB.steadyC.normalD.obvious55.A.chairB.sponsorC.attendD.organize,Afterthat,根据前文内容,onlylearned,根据上文和下文,learnallIcould.,sign-usesignlanguagetocommunicate,chair-主持（会议、讨论会等）host-主持（电视、广播节目等）,Thefollowingterm,I56anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas57.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58,iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhave59ustolearnless.Now,Iappreciatethesilenceandthe60wayofcommunicationitopens.56.A.missedB.passedC.gaveupD.registeredfor57.A.prohibitedB.welcomedC.ignoredD.repeated58.A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However59.A.requiredB.causedC.allowedD.expected60.A.easyB.popularC.quickD.new,thesilencewasnotunpleasant.,根据下文,learnless.,itopens.,全文意思,本句句意,上下文意思,Now,yourturn,2016年全国一卷AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers,Inc.Onemorningin2009,Larrywas_41_along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48andtoldLarryhehad49anemergencycall.They50heardawomansvoicecomingfromthewrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.51thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthatheha