高三英语语法总复习名词性从句

名词性从句,I语序问题,1.Thephotographswillshowyou_.（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,2.Heasked_foraviolin（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid,规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述语序,II引导词的选择,1._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what,2.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileBthatCifDfor,3.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoonAwhenBhowCwhetherDwhy,4madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhatbecauseBWhatthatCThatwhatDThatbecause,规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。由that引导且that连词在从句中不作成分2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由whether，if引导3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由wh-连词引导且wh-连词在从句中作成分。连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.,Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.,Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent.,HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.,规律三：whether和if的区别：,whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.,后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.,主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.,whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：,Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.,whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.,whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能，但可以引导一个条件状语从句表示“如果”如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhavetimetomorrow,IllgotovisitTom.,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesntmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.,it,it,that,whether,规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。,1.主语从句可以用it（作形式主语）来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat.,（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat（D）Itseems/happensthat如：ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.,2.宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语）来替换的句型为：主语谓语itAdj/N从句如：Ithinkitnecessarythatwehavethemeeting,1.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,2._muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter,3.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,Hewillbelievewhateverotherssay.（不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever）Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.（可以用nomatterwhat代替whatever）,规律四：whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however等与nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhow的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.,Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.,Myideaisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.,Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.,规律五：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.,在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形或是动词原形。如：Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperatedon.,（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars.,（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.,Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：Itispitythatyoucantswim.,名词从句与定语从句的主要区别,成分上的区别：名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么样的成分？,1.Howtheprisonerescapedremainsamystery.2.Iwonderwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.3.Theproblemiswhowillbeequaltothetask.4.Hehadnoideawhetherwecouldovercomethepresentdifficultiesornot.,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,5.Ivisitedthecountrywhich/thathadbeenbombedbytheUS-ledNATO(美国为首的北约)amonthbefore6.IshallneverforgettheyearswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.8.IhadneverseensuchagoodfilmasIwatchedlastnight.,结论：名词性从句充当句子的主要成分（作主语，宾语，表语，同位语），且无先行词，同位语除外。定语从句充当句子的修饰成分（作定语），前面有先行词,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子的主语或宾语成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义，不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:Thesuggestion(that)heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）Thesuggestionthatthestudents(should)haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that引导同位语从句）Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.（that引导同位语从句,不能省略）Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：,as,且when,where等不能与in/on/atwhich互换。,whether,if,what,how,名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.-Hehasdone_hecantohelpme.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.-_Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.,allthat,Allthat,3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished._breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoeverneedsifmost.Hewillgivethedictionaryto_needsitmost.5.Wellrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.Wellremember_weturnedtoforhelp.,Anyonewho,anyonewho,anyone(whom),6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo_hewantsthemtodo.7.Illreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.Illread_ofthebooks_yougiveme.,anythingthat,any,that,其余问题：,1.误：Idontknowifhecomesbackthismonth.2.误：IhavenoideawhathadhappenedwhenIwasaway.,正：Idontknowifhewillcomebackthismonth.,正：IhavenoideawhathappenedwhenIwasaway.,3.误：Thereasonisbecauseheisill.4.误：Wholeaveslastturnsoffthelight.,正：Thereasonisthatheisill.,正：Whoeverleaveslastturnsoffthelight.,名词性从句试题集锦1.Iaskher_comewithme.ifshewillB.ifwillsheC.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._hesaidistrue.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether,5.Togetthejobstarted,_Ineedissomemoney.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.whatB.howC.itsD.that,3.Canyoutellme_?whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman4.Hedidntknowwhichroom_.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein,7.Canyoutellme_therailwaystation?A.howIcangettoB.whatcanIgettoC.whereIcangottoD.wherecanIgetto8.Doyouknow_?A.whatishisnameB.howishisnameC.whathisnameisD.howhisnameis9._youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This10.Theyhavenoideaatall_.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone11.Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey12.Thesephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatourvillagelookslikeB.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,13.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput14.Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikeD.whatlookmanlike15._the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That16.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere17.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for18._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter,19.Doyouremember_hecame?Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if20._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what21._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where22.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whichev