句子成分分析VIP

句子成分分析,句子成分,主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,1.主语（subject)：,主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。,例:那个学生问了老师一些问题.,Thestudentaskedtheteachersomequestions.,主语,例:今天的天气非常好.,Theweatherisverynicetoday.,主语,作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、the+形容词和主语从句。,2.谓语（predicate)：,谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。,例:他工作非常努力.,Heworksveryhard.,谓语,例:今天的天气非常好.,Theweatherisverynicetoday.,谓语,例:他在字典里查出了这个单词.,Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.,谓语,作谓语的有：及物动词或不及物动词短语。以及系动词,3.宾语（object)：,宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后。,例:老师把灯关了.,Theteacherturnedoffthelights.,介宾,例:他们将不会伤害我们.,Theywonthurtus.,动宾,例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.,Hegaveupsmokinglastweek.,介宾,宾语,动宾,介宾,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,Pleasepassmethebook.Heboughtmesomeflowers.,作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、the+形容词和宾语从句。,4.表语：（precative),表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。,连系动词,例:我是一个老师.,Iamateacher.,表语,例:这种水果尝起来味道很好.,Thiskindoffruittastesverydelicious.,表语,1.be动词(am,is,are,was,were),3.感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel),+表语,2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay),例:那个女孩变得非常担心.,Thegirlgotworried.,表语,作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。,5.定语:(attribute),定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词，形容词通常作定语。,这是一节生动有趣的课,Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.,有一些难题要处理,Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.,前置定语,后置定语,Ittookhimquitealittletimetogetfamiliarwiththeroutes_tothenest-shapedstadium.,花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。,leading,定语,Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),(副词),作定语的有：名词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如thepollutedriver中的polluted和theriverpollutedbychemicals中的pollutedbychemicals.,.状语:(adverbial),状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。,表时间：yesterday,today,tomorrow,Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow?,我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？,表地点：inChina,attheairport,Isawastudentintheclassroom.,我在教室里看见一个学生,表原因:because,as,for,since,他因为生病所以今天没有去上学,Becausehewasill,hedidntgotoschooltoday.,表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句,那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了,Theboyfelloffthetree,strikinghisheadagainsttheground.,表目的:inorderto,inorderthat,forthepurpose,为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力,Inordertogetintoabetterschool,Imuststudyevenharder.,表条件:as/solongas,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩,Aslongasyoustudyhard,youcangetahighmark.,表让步:inspiteof,despite,although,though,他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我,Hehelpedmealthoughhedidntknowme.,表程度:very,enough,tosomeextent,那里的风景非常漂亮,Thescenerythereisverybeautiful.,表方式:likethat,as,asif,不要那样看我,Dontlookatmelikethat!,表伴随状况：,老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书,Theteachercameintotheclassroom,catchingabookinhishand.,with,作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。,.补语:(complement),补语,主语补足语：,宾语补足语：,补充说明主语的动作或状态,补充说明宾语的动作或状态,我又累又困，就去睡了。,Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.,2我发现那本书很有趣。,Ifoundthatbookveryinteresting.,主语补足语,宾语补足语,你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。,Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.,作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）,8.同位语:(appositive),当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。,我们有两个孩子，一男一女,Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.,那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车,Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.,Iwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend.P77,句子类型,1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.,2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：Itislate,sowemusthurry.,3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：Ifwewanttokeepfit,wemustalwaysrememberthatpreventionisbetterthancure.从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。,简单句的五种基本句型,一:(主谓)二:(主系表)三:(主谓宾)四:(主谓间宾直宾)五:(主谓宾宾补),基本句型一:(主谓),谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。,如:Wecome.,(不及物动词),1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly,基本句型二：(是系动词)(表语),1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.,连系动词有：be,/seem,appear,(look)/keep,stay,remain,stand(still),lie(awake),/prove,turnout/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn,go(mad,hungry,bad,wrong),come(true),fall(ill,asleep),run(mad,dry),基本句型三:(主谓宾),此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。,(及物动词)(宾语),1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Hesaid“Goodmorning.”5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.,基本句型四:(主谓间宾直宾),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Givemeacupofteaplease.-Giveacupofteatomeplease.,givesbsth=givesthtosb,在此句型中，我们要掌握接动词不定式作宾语和接动名词作宾语的动词。只接动名词的动词：adviseallowavoidadmitadvocateacknowledgeconsiderdenydelayenjoyexcuseescapefancyforgivefinishimagine,include,keep,miss,mindpardonpractisepermitriskresiststandstop,leaveoff,putoff,insiston,canthelp,dislike只接不定式的动词wishhopemanageofferaskpretenddecidelearndesireagreecarechoosedetermineundertakeexpectthreatpromiseseek两者都接的动词：没有区别attempt,continue,intend,cantbear,proposecantafford,fear,cease略有区别likehateloveprefer;beginstart区别很大want,need,require,deserve;forget,remember,regret,try,mean,goon,(及物)(多指人)(多指物),Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Hebroughtyouadictionary.3.Ishowedhimmypictures.4.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.5.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.,基本句型五:(主谓宾宾补),此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。,Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.,Exercises,(一)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,(二)挑出下列句中的表语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.,(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.,(五)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.,Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.,划分句子成分,Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouvegottoschool.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyouvegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididntdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,IhappenedtobeUpstairsatdusk(whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,1.Therearesomanypeopleinthehall.2.Ifoundhimout.3.Theymadethegirlangry.4.Theylistenedcarefully.5.Thegashasgivenout.6.Thecaketastesnice.7.Hegivemeabook.8.Hestoodquitestill.9.Haveyoureadthestory?10.Theybuiltahouselastyear.,作业,ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollahreturnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.,长难句分析,Eventhoughtheremaybeatendencyinsomerarefamiliestoliveextraordinarilylong,thegeneticinfluencethatemergedfromthestudiesoftwinswassignificantlylessthanmuchofthepublicandmanyscientiststhinkitis.S+V+P,JosephineTesauro,left,activeandhealthyat92,ispartofastudytryingtodeterminewhysomepeopleagebetterthanothers,evenwhentheyarecloselyrelated.,FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。,1.Theyguessthatracialdifferencesinwhichdairyproductsareusuallyconsumed,orineatinghabitshavingsmallamountsofdairyproductsthroughouttheday,forinstance,ratherthanasinglelargeservingmayhelpexplainthefinding.2.Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironmentsmostlyforentertainmentpurposesisfairandrespectful?3.Humanbeingshaveagreed,inthecourseofcenturiesofmutualdependency,toletthevariousnoisesthattheycanproducewiththeirlungs,throats,tongues,teeth,andlips