Topic5HowtoWriteanOutline论文提纲怎么写 (课堂PPT)

Topic5HowtoWriteanOutlineforResearchPaper,1,Whenyoubuildahouseyoushouldhaveagroundplanfirstandanoutlineisyourgroundplanfor“building”yourresearchpaper.,2,论文提纲的编写是论文写作过程中基本的十分重要的一步,是在论文写作之前对全文的整体构思,它帮助我们大致确定论文的基本结构和各部分之间的逻辑关系。因此，它是一种尝试性的构建论文框架的过程。,3,ThedefinitionandfunctionofanoutlineTheprocedureofpreparinganoutlineThegeneralcontentsofanoutlineTheprinciplesforwritinganoutline,4,Whatisanoutline?,Anoutlineisabasicwritingplanwhichconsistsofaseriesofphrasesorsentencesandshowsthemainpointsthatthepaperwillcoverandtheorderinwhichthesepointswillbementioned.,5,Whatisthefunctionofanoutline?,Anoutlinegivesthewriteraspecificguidanceastowhatkindofsupportingdetailsyoushouldlookforinyourfurtherresearchandwhereyoucanfitthemintothecontextofyourpaper.Thereaders,ontheotherhand,benefitfromtheoutlineasacompleteanddetailedtableofcontents.,6,II.Theprocedureofpreparinganoutline,Havingasatisfactorythesisstatement;Reviewingallyournotecardsandbringingrelatedmaterialstogetherundersomegeneralheadings;Arrangingtheseheadingsaccordingtothedevelopmentofyourthought;Formingalogicalpreliminaryoutline;Discussingyourpreliminaryoutlinewithyouradvisor.,7,Whatisathesisstatement?（主题陈述）,Athesisstatementisusuallyasinglesentencethatwillgiveyouacentralfocusfororganizationofyourpaper.,8,Athesisstatementisusuallyputinfrontofyouroutlineinadeclarativeformthatsummarizesthecentralideaofthepaperyouwillwrite.,9,Samplesofthesisstatement,Sample1Topic:PairworkDesignandLearnersInterestThesisstatement:Learnersinterestinpairworkisincreasedbywelldesignedpairworkexercises.,10,Sample2,Topic:NaturalisminDreisersSisterCarrieThesisstatement:Influencedbynaturalism,SisterCarrietypicallyreflectsDreisersviewofnatureandmaninthesocialenvironmentofhistime.,11,III.Thegeneralcontentsofanoutline,Twomajorformatsofoutline;Twomajortypesofoutline,12,Whatarethetwomajorformatsofoutline?,ThestandardoutlinesystemThedecimaloutlinesystem,13,Sampleofthestandardsystem,I.ThetworeasonsforA.Thefirstreason1.Thewomena.Theywould(1)Thetime(a)Thetechnology(b)Thepublic(2)Theplaceb.Theycould2.ThemenB.ThesecondreasonII.Thereasonsagainst,14,Sampleofthedecimalsystem,1.Thetworeasonsfor1.1Thefirstreason1.1.1ThewomenTheywouldTheycould1.1.2Themen1.2Thesecondreason2.Thereasonsagainst,15,Wheypreparingyouroutlineformat,youshouldpayattentionto2points:Numbering;Indentation,16,Whatarethetwomajortypesofoutline?,Topicoutline（主题式提纲）Sentenceoutline（句子式提纲）,17,TopicOutline,Inatopicoutline,eachheadingandsubheadingisawordoraphrase,butoftenonlyshortphrasesthroughout,whichtakeslesstimeandspace.,18,SentenceOutline,Inasentenceoutline,eachheadingandsubheadingisacompletesentence,whichhasgreaterclarityandprecision.,19,SampleofatopicoutlineRasputinsOtherSide,Thesisstatement:Aftersixdecadesofbeingjudgedademonicallibertine,Rasputinnowdeservestobeviewedfromanotherpointofview-asamanwhowasintenselyreligious,whopassionatelydesiredpeace,andwhodeeplydevotedtohisfamilyandfriends.,20,I.TheambiguityoftherealRasputinA.HisbirthB.Popularhistoricalview1.Hissupporters2.HisdetractorsII.RasputinsreligiousfeelingsA.HisrichnatureB.HissimplepeasantfaithIII.RasputinsdesireforpeaceinRussiaA.B.,21,Sampleofasentenceoutline,Thesisstatement:(同上）I.TherealRasputinisdifficulttodiscover.A.ThebirthofRasputincoincidedwitha“shootingstar”.B.ThepopularhistoricalviewofRasputinportrayshimasprimarilyevil.1.Supporterscalledhimaspiritualleader.2.Detractorscalledhimasatyr.II.Rasputinhadintensereligiousfeelings.A.Hehadarichnature.B.HehadasimplepeasantfaithinGod.III.RasputinspassionatedesireforpeaceinRussiarevealeditselfinseveralways.A.B.,22,IV.TheprinciplesforwritinganoutlineA.Theremustbeatleastthreelayersofdevelopmentinyouroutline:thethesisstatement,theheadingsandthesubheadingsandalwaysbeginyouroutlinewithathesisstatement;,23,B.Alltheheadingsatthesamelevelshouldbeinparallelform(hesamegrammaticalstructure);C.Noheadingorsubheadingcanstayalone;D.Nevergetatopicoutlinemixedwithasentenceoutline.,24,ExerciseofOutlineWritingDirection:Belowisapartofanoutlinefromastudentspaper.Readthefollowingheadingscarefullyandtrytofindwhatswrongwiththemandthencorrectthemistakes.,25,.HowtoreviewwithaclassmateA.DecidingwhatismostimportantB.FindingrelationshipofmostimportantpointsC.QuestioningeachotherandverifyanswersD.Classnotes.WhatdoyouconsulttheteacherinaninterviewA.B.,26,Questionstobediscussed:,Whatisanoutlineandwhydowehavetoprepareanoutlineforaresearchpaper?Whyisathesisstatementimportantforoutlinewriting?Whatarethetwobasictypesofoutline?Whataretheprinciplesforwritinganoutline?,27,ASampleofOutline,Title:FrenchRevolutioninATaleofTwoCitiesThesisStatement:AnanalysisofCharlesDickensATaleofTwoCitiesagainstthebackgroundoftheFrenchRevolutionhelpsdeepenthereadersunderstandingofthenovel.,28,Outline:I.AgeneralintroductiontotheauthorCharlesDickensA.HisfamilyB.HiseducationC.HiswaytosuccessD.HisworksII.AglimpseofATaleofTwoCitiesA.gistofnovelB.Liter