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Unit 13,A. 单词识记,highly: 【adv.】 极其,非常;极为 ( 赞许 );( 评价 ) 高地同义词extremely(adv.) 极端地;非常exceedingly (adv.) 非常;极其,notice【v.】注意到;注意 【n.】通知;通告;布告;注意;认识词组at / on short notice: 在短时间内,立刻take notice of: 注意到同义词advertisement n. 广告;宣传;公告近义词detect v. 发现;查出;测出;觉察;发觉,obtain: 【v.】获得;得到 形近词obtainable(adj.) 可获得的;可取得的同义词gain(v.)获得;赢得近义词 derive(v.)获得;取得;得到;( 使 )起源于;( 使 ) 来自,characterize: 【v.】使具有特点;描述 词组be characterized by : 被描述为 ;具有的特征词组portray (v.) 描绘;描述depict (v.) 描绘;描述,decline【v.】 衰落;下降;下倾;倾斜 【n.】 下降;下倾;衰落;拒绝;谢绝词组on the decline: 在衰退中近义词descend v. 下来;下降;降低身份;沦落;( 大批人 ) 突然到来,突然造访decrease v. 减少;减小,former:【adj.】先前的,从前的;前者;前一个 【pron.】两者之间的前者;形近词form(n.) 形式;形状;外形;方式; (v.) 形成;组成;排列;组织;产生;塑造formal(adj.) 正式的;规范的;( 服饰 );适合正式场合的;整齐的;规矩的;( 通常指学校教育 ) 正规的 (n.) 须穿礼服的舞会;晚礼服,形近词formula(n.) 原则;规则;方案;方法;公式,方程式;perform(v.)做;执行;表演performer(n.) 演出者;表演者;表现的人performance(n) 执行;履行;表演;行为;业绩;性能,形近词performative(adj.) 表述行为的formation (n.) 形成;养成;创建;创造;编队;列队reformatory(adj.) 起改革作用的;感化的 (n.) ( 少年犯 ) 管教所informed (adj.) 了解情况的;见多识广的,形近词informative(adj.)提供情报的;增长见闻的;增长知识的informally (adv.) 非正式地;不拘礼节地conform(v.) 符合;遵守;遵从;一致;相吻合;顺从conformity(n.) 符合;一致;遵从;遵守nonconformist(n.) 不墨守成规者;新教徒 (adj.) 不墨守成规的;不遵循主流思想的,形近词transformation(n.) 转换;转变;变形;改革formulate(v.)系统阐述;明确表达;规划;策划;构想formulation(n.)(想法的 ) 阐述方式,表达方法;( 政策、计划等的 ) 制定;构想informativeness(n.)信息量uninformed (adj.)未被通知的;知识 ( 或信息 ) 贫乏的;未受教育的;不明情况的,形近词misinformation(n.)(常指有意提供的)假消息;错误信息;误报;错误信息uniformity(n.) 一致 ( 性 );统一 ( 性 )formidable(adj.)可怕的;令人敬畏的;艰难的;强大的同义词previous (adj.)先前的;以前的,effective:【adj.】有效的;生效的;实际的形近词effect (n.)效果;结果;影响 (v.)使发生;实现effectiveness(n.)有力;有效性effectively(adv.)有效地;生效地;有力地;实际上,形近词ineffectual(n.) 无用的人;无一技之长者 (adj.) 无效的,不起作用的;徒劳无益的ineffective(adj.) 无效的,不起作用的efficient (adj.) 效率高的;效能高的,justify【v.】证明.是正当的;认为有理 近义词testify (v.)证实;证明verify (v.)核实;证明confirm (v.)确认;证实affirm (v.)证实;确认,lie: 【v.】躺;平放;位于 【n.】谎话;谎言形近词dunderlie (v.) 位于或存在于 (某物)之下;构成的基础(或起因);引起underlying(adj.) 潜在的;根本的;在下面的词组lie in: 在于;位于lie with sb.: 是某人的责任,puzzle: 【v.】(使)困惑;( 使 ) 为难 【n.】难题;谜;令人困惑的事物 形近词puzzlement (n.) 迷惑;困惑;谜;费解puzzled (adj.) 困惑的;茫然的同义词confuse (v.) 使困惑,satisfy: 【v.】 满足;使满意;说服形近词satisfied (adj.) 感到满意的dissatisfied(adj.) 不满意的;不愉快的;不高兴的dissatisfaction(n.) 不满足;不满意;令人不满意的事物,词组be satisfied with: 对满意be dissatisfied with: 对不满意近义词fulfill (v.) 实现;履行(诺言等);执行;完成;满足;使满意,stock: 【n.】备料;库存;现货;股票;公债 【v.】储存词组stock price: 股价stock market: 股市laughing stock: 笑柄,debate: 【n.】 争论;争辩 【v.】辩论;争论;思考近义词controversy (n.) 辩论;争论dispute(n.) 辩论;争端,equal: 【n.】(地位)相当的人;对等的事物 【v.】等于 【adj.】同样的;相等的;平等的;胜任的形近词equally (adv.) 相等地;平等地;同样地equate(v.) 使相等;视为平等;等同于equality (n.) 等同性;平等;同等,形近词equivalent(adj.)等值的;相等的;等同的(n.)等同物;等值物;对应物,frequently: 【adv.】常常;频繁地形近词frequent(v.)常到;时常出入于;常去(adj.)时常发生的;频繁的近义词repeatedly(adv.) 反复地;重复地;再三地,universal:【adj.】普遍的;全体的;通用的;宇宙的;世界的形近词 universe (n.) 宇宙;(思想等 ) 领域;星系universally (adv.) 普遍地;到处;全体地university (n.) 大学universalize(v.) 使普遍化,近义词overall(adj.) 全面的;总体的(adv.) 全面地;总地;总的说来(n.)工装裤;( 工作时穿的 ) 罩衣,deprive: 【v.】夺去;使丧失,emotion: 【n.】情绪;情感形近词emotional(adj.) 表现强烈情感的;情绪激动的;情感上的;情绪上的同义词sentiment (n.) 感情;情绪;情操,近义词temper (n.) 性情;脾气;特征mood (n.)心情;语气;气氛disposition (n.) 性情;性格,modify: 【v.】 更改;修改;改造;修饰形近词mode (n.)方式;方法;( 艺术、着装等的 ) 风格;( 照相机、电子设备的 )模式;状态modification(n.) 修改;修正;改良同义词sentiment (n.) 感情;情绪;情操,近义词revise (v.) 改变;修正amend (v.) 改良;修改recast (v.) 重塑;修改,net: 【n.】网;网状物;因特网;罗网;束缚;净收入;净数 【v.】用网捕;使落网 【adj.】净数的;纯的,形近词network(n.)网状物;广播网;( 人或机构组成的 ) 网络intranet (n.)内联网;企业内部网Internet-based(adj.)基于互联网的;以网际网路为基础的,poetry: 【n.】诗歌;诗节 形近词poet(n.) 诗人,philosopher: 【n.】哲学家;哲人 形近词philosophy (n.) 哲学;哲理;人生哲学;见解philosophical(adj.) 哲学 ( 上 ) 的;冷静的,remains: 【n.】剩余;残余;遗迹形近词remain (v.)保持;依然;留下;剩余;逗留;残存remaining(adj.) 剩下的;剩余的,balance: 【v.】 ( 使 ) 保持平衡;( 用天平 ) 称;使平衡 【n.】天平;平衡;均衡 形近词well-balanced(adj.) 均衡的counterbalance(n.) 起平衡作用的事物;平衡力;抵消因素,词组level off: 将弄平;使平整break even: 不盈不亏;够本同义词steady(adj.) 稳定的;不变的stabilize(v.) ( 使 ) 稳定;( 使 )稳固,Unit 13,C. 单词应用,derive v ( 使 ) 起源于;( 使 ) 来自2010 年阅读 Text 3The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.,be characterized by:具有的特征 2009 年阅读新题型He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.,decline v 拒绝;谢绝2008 年阅读 Text 2Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.,perform v 做;执行 2009 年完型Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.,performance n 执行;履行 2006 年翻译Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine dutieshe is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.,informed adj 见多识广的 2010 年阅读 Text 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.,uniformity n 一致 ( 性 ) 2006 年阅读 Text 1This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.,formidable adj 令人敬畏的 2011 年阅读 Text 1Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”,vastly adv 极大地 2010 年阅读 Text 4It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.,devastating adj 极具破坏力的 2008年阅读 Text 1The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.,effect v 实现 2013 年阅读 Text 1Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection lineCline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.,effectiveness n 有效性 2012 年阅读 Text 1But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.,efficient adj 效率高的 2013年完型Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work against the disappearance of the paper system.,justified adj 合理的 2012 年阅读 Text 2The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.,verify v 核实 2013 年阅读 Text 4However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.,lie n 谎话;谎言2009 年阅读 Text 1 “Thats a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”,puzzled adj 困惑的;茫然的 2011 年阅读 Text 1Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels _.A doubtful B enthusiasticC confident D puzzled,fulfill v 实现 2010 年阅读 Text 1It is the writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.,dissatisfied adj 不满意的 2006年翻译They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.,equally adv 同样地 2011年阅读新题型Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school.,equivalentadj 相等的;等同的 2011年阅读 Text 4In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?,repeatedly adv 再三地 2012 年阅读 Text 4Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.,frequently adv 常常;频繁地 2012 年阅读 Text 3But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.,overall adj 全面的;总体的 2010 年阅读 Text 4The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.,deprive v 夺去;使丧失2014 年阅读 Text 4The commission ignores that for several decades Americas colleges and universities have produced graduates who dont know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.,emotion n 情感2006 年阅读 Text 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.,mood n 心情 2011 年阅读 Text 4Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes th

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