浅谈英语委婉语的分类、构成方式及社会功能

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/33浅谈英语委婉语的分类、构成方式及社会功能ABSTRACTASANINDISPENSABLEANDNATURALPARTOFENGLISHLANGUAGE,ENGLISHEUPHEMISMSHAVEEXISTEDFORALONGTIMETHEAPPEARANCEOFEVERYTHING,INCLUDINGEUPHEMISM,HASITSREASONSTHEEMERGENCEOFENGLISHEUPHEMISMSHASACLOSERELATIONWITHLANGUAGETABOOSANDRELIGIONSINCEENGLISHEUPHEMISMSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINSOCIALCOMMUNICATION,THEYWORTHCAREFULANDTHOROUGHSTUDYTHISPAPERWILLMAINLYDEALWITHTHEFORMATION,CLASSIFICATIONANDSOCIALFUNCTIONOFENGLISHEUPHEMISMSVARIOUSMETHODSHAVEBEENUSEDTOFORMENGLISHEUPHEMISMS,INCLUDINGPHONETICDEVICES,SPELLINGDEVICES,VOCABULARYDEVICES,GRAMMATICALDEVICESANDRHETORICALDEVICESTHEPAPERALSOTRIESTOCLASSIFYENGLISHEUPHEMISMSACCORDINGTOTHECONTENTENGLISHEUPHEMISMSAREALMOSTEMPLOYEDINALLFIELDSOFLIFESUCHASINTHEFIELDOFDAILYLIFE,INTHE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/33FIELDOFEDUCATION,INTHEFIELDOFLAW,INTHEFIELDOFPOLITICS,ANDINTHEFIELDOFCOMMERCEANDINDUSTRYFROMTHEDAYTHEYCAMEINTOBEING,ENGLISHEUPHEMISMSPLAYTHEROLEOFSOCIALLUBRICATORWITHOUTTHEM,THEWORLDWILLBEFULLOFCONFLICTSANDTHESOCIALORDERWILLBEINCHAOSTHEFUNCTIONOFENGLISHEUPHEMISMSISDIVERSIFIEDBESIDESEVASION,ENGLISHEUPHEMISMSNOWAREALSOUSEDFORPOLITENESS,ELEGANCEANDDISGUISEKEYWORDSENGLISHEUPHEMISMFORMATIONCLASSIFICATIONSOCIALFUNCTION【摘要】委婉语是人类语言中的一种普遍现象，其存在的历史相当悠久。任何事物的出现总有其原因，委婉语当然也不例外。委婉语的出现是与语言禁忌息息相关的。英语委婉语在交际中起着十分重要的作用，因此值得深入的学习和研究。本文主要从英语委婉语的构成方式、分类和社会功能来进行阐述。英语委婉语的构成方式多种多样包括语音手段、语法手段、修辞手段等。论文还试图根据精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/33英语委婉语的内容对其应用范围进行归类。英语委婉语涉及生活的方方面面，既有日常生活中的委婉语又有教育和法律委婉语以及政治委婉语与商业和工业领域委婉语。从其诞生之日起，英语委婉语就肩负着社会润滑剂这项重任。可以预见如果没有委婉语人际交往中将会增加许多摩擦和矛盾。英语委婉语具有多样化的功能。除了避讳，它还具有礼貌、求雅、掩饰等功能。【关键字】英语委婉语构成方式分类社会功能1INTRODUCTIONEUPHEMISMSHAVEEXISTEDFORALONGTIMETHEWORD“EUPHEMISM“COMESFROMTHEGREEKWORD“EUPHEMIA“THEPREFIX“EU“MEANS“GOOD“,THESTEM“PHEME“MEANS“SPEECH“OR“SAYING“MANYPEOPLEHAVEDEFINEDEUPHEMISMHEREARESOMEOFTHEDEFINITIONS“USEOFPLEASANT,MILDORINDIRECTWORDSORPHASESINPLACEOFMOREACCURATEORDIRECTONES“1精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/33“APOLITEWORDOREXPRESSIONTHATYOUUSEINSTEADOFAMOREDIRECTONETOAVOIDSHOCKINGORUPSETTINGSOMEONE“2“ALESSDIRECTWORDUSEDINSTEADOFONETHATISHARSHORBLUNTWHENREFERRINGTOSOMETHINGUNPLEASANTOREMBARRASSING“3“SUBSTITUTIONOFMILDORVAGUEORROUNDABOUTEXPRESSIONFORHARSHORDIRECTONEEXPRESSIONTHUSSUBSTITUTED“4“APOLITEWORDOREXPRESSIONTHATPEOPLEUSETOTALKABOUTSOMETHINGUNPLEASANTOREMBARRASSING,SUCHASDEATHANDSEX“5“AEUPHEMISMISUSEDASANALTERNATIVETOADISPREFERREDEXPRESSION,INORDERTOAVOIDPOSSIBLELOSSOFFACEEITHERONE”SOWNFACEOR,THROUGHGIVINGOFFENCE,THATOFTHEAUDIENCE,OROFSOMETHIRDPARTY“6精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/33JUSTASTHEABOVEDEFINITIONSSTATE,SOMEHARSH,BLUNT,UNPLEASANTOROFFENSIVETHINGSINLIFESHOULDNOTBESTATEDDIRECTLYANDTRUTHFULLYINCERTAINOCCASIONSUNDERTHESECIRCUMSTANCES,SOMEBETTERSOUNDINGNAMESSHOULDBEUSEDEUPHEMISMISAPARTOFHUMANLANGUAGEASWELLASAPSYCHOLOGICALANDCULTURALPHENOMENONOFDIFFERENTNATIONSTHEUSAGEOFENGLISHEUPHEMISMREFLECTSETHICSANDBEHAVIORALCODEOFPEOPLEINENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESFROMTHEDAYITCAMEINTOBEING,EUPHEMISMFUNCTIONSASTHELUBRICATOROFCOMMUNICATIONTHUSITENABLESPEOPLETOLIVEINHARMONYANDMAKESCONVERSATIONSSMOOTHANDSUCCESSFULTHEFOLLOWINGPARTSHOLDADISCUSSIONONTHEORIGIN,FORMATION,CLASSIFICATIONANDSOCIALFUNCTIONOFENGLISHEUPHEMISMS2THEORIGINOFENGLISHEUPHEMISMS“EUPHEMISMISTHELINGUISTICREFLECTIONOF精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/33SOCIALPSYCHOLOGYANDAPRODUCTOFSOCIALANDCULTURALENVIRONMENT“7“INWESTERNNATIONS,THEUSAGEOFEUPHEMISMSINEARLYTIMESORIGINATEDFROMRELIGIONORADMIRESANDDREADOFGODS“8ITSEARLIEREMERGENCEHADACLOSERELATIONTOLANGUAGETABOOSANDRELIGIONINANCIENTSOCIETY,ASTHELEVELOFPRODUCTIVITYANDSCIENCEWASVERYLOW,PEOPLEFAILEDTOEXPLAINTHEESSENCEOFSOMENATURALPHENOMENASUCHASLIGHTENINGANDTHUNDERTHEYCAMETOBELIEVETHATTHEREWERESOMESUPERNATURALPOWERS,ORTHEEXISTENCEOFDEVILSANDGODSTHATCONTROLLEDTHEIRLIVESANDEVENTHEWHOLEWORLDTHEYDAREDNOTTOMENTIONTHENAMESOFTHEDEVILSANDGODSDIRECTLY,JUSTASTHEIDIOMGOES“SPEAKOFTHEDEVILANDHEAPPEARS“THUS,LANGUAGETABOOSCAMEINTOBEINGTOFINDASOLUTIONTOTHISPROBLEM,PEOPLEUSEDOTHERNAMESTHATIS,EUPHEMISMSTOSUBSTITUTETHENAMESOFTHOSETHINGSTHEYFEAREDINCIRCUMSTANCESTHATTHEYHADTOSPEAKOFTHEMBECAUSEOFTHEUSAGEOFEUPHEMISMS,PEOPLEFELT精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/33THATTHEYWERESOMEWHATDISTANTFROMWHATTHEYWEREAFRAIDOFANDTHEIRSAFETY,HAPPINESS,HEALTHANDGOODLUCKWEREGUARANTEEDTHOUGHITISARATHEROLDRELIGIOUSCUSTOM,ITSTILLEXERTSASTRONGINFLUENCEONMODERNWESTERNNATIONSASWEALLKNOW,THEMAJORITYOFTHEPOPULATIONOFENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRIESBELIEVESINGODCONSCIOUSLYORUNCONSCIOUSLY,ANDTHEYTHINKTHATGODEXISTSEVERYWHEREANDHASUNLIMITEDPOWERWORDSRELATEDTOGODANDRELIGIONCANONLYBEUSEDINRELIGIOUSCEREMONIESSINCETHENAMEOFGODISREGARDEDASTHEAVATAROFGODITSELF,PEOPLEUSUALLYUSE“THELORD“TOREPLACEITBESIDES,JESUSISEUPHEMIZEDAS“GEE“,“JEEPERS“,“JIMINY“,“CRICKET“OR“CRIMINET“AND“THEDEUCE“,“THEDICKENS“OR“OLDNICK“SUBSTITUTES“THEDEVIL“3THEFORMATIONOFENGLISHEUPHEMISMSVARIOUSDEVICESAREEMPLOYEDTOFORMENGLISHEUPHEMISMS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/3331PHONETICDEVICESPHONETICDISTORTIONISACOMMONMEANSTOFORMENGLISHEUPHEMISMFOREXAMPLE,PEOPLEUSE“GAD“,“GOODNESS“,“GOSH“,AND“GOLLY“TOREPLACE“GOD“ANDUSE“CRIPES“TORE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