中西方饮食文化对比研究(英语专业毕业论文)

湖北省高等教育自学考试英语专业毕业论文研究中西方饮食文化的差异准考证号013511210578考生姓名刘羽笛指导老师刘世平2013年3月武汉大学外语学院制ASTUDYOFDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNFOODLIUYUDISUPERVISORLIUSHIPINGMARCH2013论文摘要本文主要探讨了中西方饮食文化的差异。在这个复杂的世界文化，饮食文化在世界文化中起着十分重要的作用。中西方文化的差异带来了中西饮食文化的差异，不同的国家有自己不同的饮食文化特点。中国是一种农耕文化的陆地文化，而传统的西方文化是一种畜牧文化的海洋文化，两种不同的文化反映出人们生活方式的差异，其中饮食文化更是具有代表性的一个方面。在不同的文化背景下，无论是在饮食观念、饮食对象、厨具、餐具还是餐桌礼仪等各个方面这些饮食文化的差异都是显而易见的。但是，随着国际之间的交流与融合，中西饮食文化业将会在交流中共同发展，这对全世界范围内的文化交流将起到促进的作用。关键词差异；文化；饮食文化ABSTRACTTHISTHESISEXPLORESTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTUREINTHECOMPLEXWORLDCULTURE,THEDIETARYCULTUREPLAYSANEXTREMELYIMPORTANTROLEINTHEWORLDCULTURETHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNCULTURECREATEDTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTUREDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESHAVETHEIROWNDIETARYCULTURALTRADITIONALCHINESECULTUREISAGRICULTURALCULTUREANDLANDCULTURE,WHILETRADITIONALWESTERNCULTUREISANIMALHUSBANDRYCULTUREANDOCEANCULTURETHESETWOKINDSOFCULTURESREFLECTDIVERSELIFESTYLESINWHICHFOODISTHEMOSTREPRESENTATIVEASPECTINVARIOUSLYCULTURALCONTEXTS,WHETHERITISINCONCEPT,OBJECTS,KITCHENWARE,TABLEWARE,ORTABLEMANNERSTHESEDIFFERENCESAREOBVIOUSBUTASDEVELOPMENTOFTHECOMMUNICATIONANDINTEGRATIONOFTHEINTERNATIONAL,CHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTUREWILLBEDEVELOPEDINCOMMONCOMMUNICATIONTHISWILLPLAYASIGNIFICANTROLETOPROMOTETHECOMMUNICATIONOFCULTUREINTHEWORLDKEYWORDSDIFFERENCESCULTUREFOODDIETETICCULTURECONTENTSINTRODUCTION1CHAPTERONEDIETARYCONCEPT211CHINESEDIETARYCONCEPT212WESTERNDIETARYCONCEPT3CHAPTERTWOFOODANDDRINK421THEMAINOFMATERIALS422CONDIMENT623SIDEDISH724WINE8CHAPTERTHREETABLEMANNERS931THEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNTABLEMANNERS932THECHARACTERISTICOFTABLEMANNERS10321THECHARACTERISTICOFTABLEMANNERSINCHINA10322THECHARACTERISTICOFTABLEMANNERSINTHEWEST11CHAPTERFOURKITCHENWAREANDTABLEWARE1241KITCHENWARE12411CHINESEKITCHENWARE12412WESTERNKITCHENWARE1442TABLEWARE15421CHINESETABLEWARE16422WESTERNTABLEWARE17CONCLUSION19WORKSCITED21ASTUDYOFDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNFOODINTRODUCTIONDIETISNOTONLYTHEPREMISEOFSOCIALDEVELOPMENT,BUTALSOTHEPARAMOUNTMATERIALBASEFORHUMANTOSURVIVEWITHGOODHEALTHCONDITIONINTHEEARLYSTAGEOFBARBARISM,LIKEOTHERANIMALS,LOOKINGFORFOODTOSURVIVEISJUSTTHEINSTINCTFORHUMANBEINGSBUTWHENMANBEGANTOUSEFIRETOCOOKFOODANDTHEYENTEREDTHEAGEOFCIVILIZATION,ESPECIALLYTHETIMEOFCOOKINGWITHTHEPOTTERY,THEFOODBECAMETHECREATIONMADEBYTHEHUMANOWNWISDOMANDTHEIRTECHNOLOGYTHENTHEREISTHEESSENTIALDIFFERENCEINDIETBETWEENHUMANBEINGSANDANIMALSTHATTHEDIETHASITSCULTURALNATURETHUSTHEHISTORYOFHUMANDIETISTOBETHISKINDOFHISTORYTHATHUMANADAPTTONATURE,CONQUERANDREFORMNATURETOSURVIVEANDDEVELOPINTHENATURE,ANDTHEHUMANDIETARYCULTUREGRADUALLYCOMESINTOBEINGINTHECOURSEOFTHISPROGRESSASANIMPORTANTPARTOFHUMANCULTURE,THEDIETARYCULTUREHASAGENERALIZEDMEANINGANDANARROWEDMEANINGTHISTHESISDISCUSSTHEDIETARYCULTUREINTHISNARROWSENSEWHICHISTHETOTALOFMATERIALWEALTHANDSPIRITWEALTHCREATEDANDACCUMULATEDINTHELONGTERMPROGRESSOFFOODCONSUMPTION,ANDITISTHEKNOWLEDGEABOUTWHATTOEAT,HOWTOEATANDWHYTOEAT,INCLUDINGDIETARYOBJECT,DIETARYTABLEWAREANDSOONCHINAHASPROFOUNDCULTURALHERITAGEOFDIETARYCULTUREANDDIETPLAYAFOREMOSTROLEINPEOPLESDAILYLIFESOTHATDIETARYCULTURETAKEAHUGEPROPORTIONINCHINESECULTUREFACINGTHEDIETARYCULTUREFROMOTHERCOUNTRIES,WESHOULDACCEPTORREJECTTHEMBASEDONOURSELVESCONDITIONWECANTONLYCHASEFORENJOYMENTINTASTE,BECAUSEITISHARMFULTOOURPHYSICALHEALTHIFWEEATTOOMUCHFOREIGNFOODWHICHISBELONGTOTHEHIGHCALORIESFOODHOWEVER,ITISOBVIOUSTHATWESHOULDNTAIMLESSLYREJECTALLTHENEWOBJECTSUNDERTHEINFLUENCEOFENTERINGTHEWTOANDGLOBALIZATION,THEINTERNATIONALCONNECTIONHASBECOMECLOSERANDCLOSERSOTHATTHECOLLISIONANDFUSIONINTHEDIETARYCULTUREALWAYSHAPPENBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNERSGRANTED,ITTAKESALONGTIMEFORTWODIFFERENTCULTURESTOMERGEANDCOEXISTANDTHEREMUSTBEANASPECTTHATBOTHSIDESCANTADAPTTOEACHOTHERIFTHISPHENOMENONOCCURS,WESHOULDTRYOURBESTTOUNDERSTAND,RESPECTANDTOLERATEANOTHERCULTUREINRIGHTMANNERTHEDIFFERENCEOFDIETARYCULTUREBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNERSWILLAROUSECULTUREMISUNDERSTANDINGINCERTAINEXTENTFOREXAMPLE,MANYCHINESETHINKTHATHAMBURGER,KFCANDMCDONALDSARETHETYPICALFOODINAMERICANBUTITISNOTTHEFACTTHEFACTISAMERICANFOODISVERYCOMPLEXTHEREFORE,INTHISTHESIS,WEDISCUSSTHEDIFFERENCEOFDIETARYCULTUREBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNERSFROMDIETARYCONCEPT,DIETARYOBJECT,COOKINGUTENSIL,DIETARYTABLEWAREANDTABLEMANNERSTHROUGHTHESTUDY,ITISBENEFICIALFORBOTHSIDESTOSTRENGTHENTHECOMMUNICATIONINCULTURE,ANDMOREABLETOELIMINATETHEOBSTACLESANDMISUNDERSTANDINGWHENTWONATIONSARECOMMUNICATING,SOTHATPEOPLECANHAVEINDEPTHUNDERSTANDINGABOUTTHEDIETARYCULTUREFROMCHINAANDWESTERNCOUNTRIESTOSTUDYBOTHPARTIESDIETARYCULTUREDIFFERENCEFROMVARIOUSASPECTS,ITCANNOTONLYHELPUSTOSTRENGTHENTHEAWARENESSANDADAPTIONINTHECULTURECOMMUNICATION,BUTALSOCANENHANCEOURUNDERSTANDING,TOLERATEANDACCEPTTHEFOREIGNCULTURETHENTHISMAKESCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTURECANMUTUALLYDEVELOPANDFUSEINCOMMUNICATION,WHICHITPLAYSAREMARKABLEROLEINBOOSTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCULTUREINTHEWHOLEWORLD赵,20061CHAPTERONEDIETARYCONCEPT11CHINESEDIETARYCONCEPTINCHINESEDIETARYCULTURE,PEOPLEPLAYMOREATTENTIONTOPURSUINGTHETASTETHANTOEMPHASIZINGTHENUTRITIONTHEYCONSIDERTHATTHENUTRITIONISLESSIMPORTANTIFTHEFOODISDELICIOUSANDGOODLOOKINGENOUGHTHEREASONWHYTHEREISAUNIQUEDIETARYCULTURETHATEATINGISONTOPOFTHELISTINCHINESENATIONISTHATPRODUCTIVITYHASBEENALWAYSUNDERTHEAVERAGELEVELFORTHOUSANDSOFYEARSANDPEOPLEHAVENOTENOUGHFOODTOEATPEOPLEOFTENSAYTHETASTEISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINTHEWHOLEOFCOLOR,AROMAANDTASTEINADDITION,THEKEYOFSPECIALCHARMINCHINESEDIETISNOTHINGBUTITSTASTECHINESETHINKALOTOFARTANDSENSIBILITY,SOTHEPURSUITOFDELICIOUSTASTEISALWAYSTHEHIGHESTMEANINGINDIETARYHOWEVER,APARTOFTHENUTRITIONMAYLACKINPURSUINGTHEDELICIOUSNESSINCHINESEDIETTHESHAPEOFTHEFOODISTHEEXTERNALTHINGWHILETHETASTEISTHEINTERNALTHINGEMPHASIZINGTHEINNERANDNOTDECORATINGPAINSTAKINGLYTHEEXTERNAL,OREMPHASIZINGTHETASTERATHERTHANSHOWINGOFFTHEFORMOFTHEDISHES,ISTHEPARAMOUNTEXPRESSIONINCHINESEDIETARYCONCEPTBUTITDOESNOTTAKEANYCOUNTOFTHECOLLOCATIONOFNUTRITIONTHEMEDICATEDFOODAPPEAREDINTHETANGDYNASTYANDNOWTHEREISAFORMULATIONTHAT“DIETTHERAPYISBETTERTHANMEDICALTREATMENTS”,WHICHALLREFLECTTHATCHINESEPAYATTENTIONTOTHECOLLOCATIONINDIETARYNUTRITIONSINCEANCIENTTIMESHOWEVER,THETRADITIONALNUTRITIONTHEORYONLYHASAVAGUECONCEPTWITHOUTSPECIFICDATAANALYSISASWESTERNERSTOFIGUREOUTWHATKINDOFFOODISGOODFORHEALTHWITHNUTRITIONCHINESEPEOPLEARETHINKINGHIGHLYOFEATBREADISTHESTAFFOFLIFE,THISOLDADAGEEXPLAINEDTHATWESEEEATINGASIMPORTANTASDAYSBECAUSEOURNATIONALFORTHOUSANDSOFYEARSAREINTHELOWLEVELOFPRODUCTIVITY,PEOPLEALWAYSDONOTHAVEENOUGHTOEAT,SOTHEYWOULDHAVEAUNIQUEFOODCULTURETHATEATINGISVERYIMPORTANTITHINKTHISISPROBABLYFROMASURVIVALTONEEDSLIXIAOHONGPOINTEDOUTIFACULTUREPUTATEASPRIMARY,SOITWILLAPPEARTWOPHENOMENAONONEHANDWILLPUTTHEFOODFUNCTIONTOACME,NOTONLYSURVIVE,BUTALSOUSEITTOMAINTAINHEALTHY,THISISALSOTHECULTUREBASISTHATDIETCURESMORETHANTHEDOCTORSONTHEOTHERHAND,THEEXCESSIVEATTENTIONTOEAT,ITCANMAKETHEPERSONPRAISEHIGHLYOFDELICIOUSPURSUIT李,20103312WESTERNDIETARYCONCEPTINWESTERNDIETARYCULTURE,EATINGLIKEABIOLOGICALMACHINEADDFUEL,ESPECIALLYABOUTTHEFOODSNUTRITIONCOMPOSITION,PROTEIN,FAT,CARBOHYDRATES,VITAMINSANDALLKINDSOFINORGANICELEMENTCONTENT党,201010,PEOPLEPLAYMOREATTENTIONTOPURSUINGTHENUTRITIONTHANTOEMPHASIZINGTHECOLOR,AROMAANDTASTETHEWESTERNDIETISAKINDOFRATIONALDIETSOTHATTHEYDEVOTEPARTICULARCARETOTHENUTRITIONANDCOLLOCATIONTHEYTREATDIETARYASASCIENCEWITHAREALISTICATTITUDETOLAYSTRESSONDIETARYNUTRITIONANDASARESULT,THEPURSUITOFNUTRITIONBECOMESTHEHIGHESTMEANINGINDIETTHECORESTANDARDINEVALUATINGFOODINWESTERNERSISWHETHERITISREASONABLEINDIETARYNUTRITIONANDWHETHERITACCORDWITHTHESCIENTIFICDEMANDWESTERNERSOFTENTHINKTHATFOODISJUSTAMEANSOFSURVIVALSOTHATTHEYPAYMOREATTENTIONTODIETARYNUTRITIONANDSUPPLYCONDITIONOFENERGYANDTHEYSELDOMCONNECTDIETARYWITHSPIRITUALENJOYMENT,WHICHREFLECTSASTRONGPRACTICABILITYANDUTILITARIANFORWESTERNERS,THEONLYTHINGTHEYCAREISNOTWHATTHEFOODCOLOR,AROMA,TASTEANDSHAPEIS,ISTHENUTRITIONMUSTBEGUARANTEEDTHENTHEYSPENDTIMEONPAYINGATTENTIONTOHOWMANYCALORIE,VITAMIN,PROTEIN,ETCSHOULDBEABSORBEDADAYWITHNEGLECTOFCOLOR,AROMAANDTASTEEVENIFTHETASTEMAYBETHESAME,EVENCOMPAREDWITHCHINESEFOOD,ORASDULLASCARDBOARD,BUTTHESENSEPUSHTHEMTOEATBECAUSEITISNUTRITIVEFORANOTHERWORD,ITJUSTLIKEREFUELSTHEMACHINEASTOWESTERNERS,THETASTEISTHESECONDARYIFHEATINGUPTHEFOODWILLCAUSETHELOSSOFNUTRITION,THEYPREFERTOEATTHEHALFBAKED,EVENRAWFOODTHEREFORE,THEWESTERNDIETARYCANBESUMMARIZEDWITHCONVENIENCEANDPRACTICABILITYTHEREISACASEINPOINTTHATANUTRITIVEBREAKFASTCANBESIMPLYMADEOFACOMBINATIONOFSOMEBREAD,JAM,CHEESE,BUTTERANDFRESHVEGETABLESCHAPTERTWOFOODANDDRINK21THEMAINOFMATERIALSTHECHINESEDIETARYCULTUREMAINLYORIGINATESFROMFARMINGCULTURE,WHICHDECIDESTHECHINESEDIETARYSTRUCTURETHATTAKESCROPSASTHEPRINCIPALTHINGANDMEATASTHEAUXILIARYTHINGWHATSMORE,THEREISAPLENTYOFPRODUCTIONANDALOTOFSPECIESINGRAINCROPBECAUSEOFTHEVASTFIELDS,FERTILESOILANDSUPERIORTECHNOLOGYINPLANTINGONTHECONTRARY,ANIMALBREEDINGISRAREINCHINASOMUCHSOTHATITISVERYCOMMONFORPEOPLETOEATTHEGRAINCHINESEDIETARYSTRUCTUREISBASEDONVEGETABLEFOOD,INCLUDINGGRAIN,BEAN,GREENS,FRUITASWELLASCEREALINFACT,INTHECHINESEDISHES,VEGETARIANDISHESARETHEMOSTCOMMONFOODONLYINHOLIDAYSORATTHEHIGHERLIVINGSTANDARDSDOTHEYHAVETHEMEATITISAVERYDISTINCTLINEBETWEENMAINFOODANDSUBSIDIARYFOODTHEMAINFOODISTHEFIVECEREALANDTHESUBSIDIARYFOODISVEGETABLEWITHALITTLEMEATTHEREFORE,WHENCHINESEPREPARETHEDIET,YOUCANSEEMOSTDISHESAREVEGETABLESANDAFEWAREMEATWHATSMORE,RICEANDNOODLESARETHEPRINCIPLEFOODTEAANDWINEARETHEMAINDRINKINGINTHEIRLIFECHINAISKNOWNFORVASTFIELDSANDVARIOUSGEOGRAPHICALENVIRONMENTSWITHALONGHISTORYANDANABUNDANTPRODUCTIONASWELLASSPECIESOFPLANTSANDANIMALS,WHICHOFFERTHESUFFICIENTRESOURCESOFPRODUCTSTOTHEFORMATIONOFCHINESEDIETARYCULTURECHINESESTAPLEFOODISBASEDONRICEANDWHEATONTHESIDE,MILLET,CORN,BUCKWHEAT,POTATOANDSWEETPOTATOAREALSOTHEMAINFOODPEOPLEUSUALEATSOTHEYTAKEATINYPLACEINTHEDIETARYCULTUREEXCEPTFORTHERICENOODLES,THEREARESTILLKINDSOFFOODCANBESUPPLIEDFORPEOPLETOMAKETHEIRLIFEMORECOLORFUL,INCLUDINGTHEOTHERKINDSOFPASTA,STEAMEDBUN,DEEPFIREDDOUGHSTICKS,VARIOUSPORRIDGE,COOKIEANDEVERCHANGINGSNACKSINTHECHINESELONGHISTORY,THEDISTRIBUTIONOF“SOUTHRICEANDNORTHWHEAT”HASFORMEDTHISSITUATIONTHATTHEMAINRAWMATERIALSARERI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