外文翻译--道路照明将率先使用低能耗的发光二极管照明技术.doc

Low-EnergyLEDLightingIs“StreetsAhead”BERwaystoexploittheadvantagesofLED(light-emittingdiode)technologyinstreetlightingaTTEreexpectedtoemergefromcollaborationbetweenuniversityresearchersandanLEDlightingspecialistcompany,bothintheUK.LEDsfirstappearedindigitalwatchesandcalculatorsinthe1970s.Today,thetechnologyhasprogressedtothepointwhereitcanbeusedtocreatedurableandcommunity-friendly,low-energystreetlighting.Thebenefitsincludelong-lifeexpectancy(upto100,000hours)togetherwithincreasinglyhigh-lightoutputinrelationtotheirsizeandenergyconsumption,makingLEDsarealisticalternativetoconventionalsodiumvapourunitsforgeneralanddirectionallighting.AndbecauseLEDsaresosmall,thepossibilitiesformanufacturerstocreatesleeker,smaller,lightweightluminariesaregreatlyextended.Importantly,LEDsarealsoenvironmentallyfriendlyandsafe.Theycontainnoglass,filamentsormercuryandsocanexperiencenoneoftheexplodingfailuresassociatedwithhalogenandHID(highintensitydischarge)lamps.Andtheyarefreefromthecostandrestrictionsofmercurydisposalthatisinvolvedwithsodiumvapourunits.Operatingatlow-voltagedirectcurrentensurescompleteconsumersafety.ColouredLEDmodulesareveryvividandevenmoreenergy-efficientthanwhitelightunits.InthelatestjointprojectbetweentheUniversityofManchester,northernEngland,andLEDlightingspecialistDialightLumidrives-acompanyfoundedbyasuccessfulformerstudentoftheuniversity-researchersintheSchoolofElectrical&ElectronicEngineeringareusingtheirexpertisetoinvestigatehowtightlypackedgroupsofLEDscanbemadetoworksafelyandreliably.LightingsolutionsthatuseLEDsinthiswayhavethepotentialtoreduceenergyconsumptionby25-50percent,dependingontheapplication.Butthermalandelectricalissuesatlightinglevelsof12,000lumensandabove(atypical60whouseholdlightbulbproduces800lumens)arebarrierstothewideradoptionofLEDtechnology.TheuniversityengineerswillbeworkingwiththeYork-basedDialightLumidrivestotackletoughissuessuchastheamountofheatgeneratedbyLEDspackedcloselytogether.BecausetheLEDmoduleswillbeusedoutside,theywillneedtoconsiderpracticalenvironmentalfactors,suchasthepossibilityofbirdsnestingoveravitalheatsink.Anotherhurdleispresentedbytheregulationsthatgovernaspectssuchasglareandlightpollution；directingtheLEDlightsourcesspecificallyontotherequiredareawillformaseriouschallenge.Theone-yearprojecthasbeenfundedbyagrantof175,000poundsfromtheUKgovernment,matchedbyasimilaramountcontributedbyDialight.Akeyaimoftheprojectistodevelopasolutionthatisveryreliablebutnotprohibitivelyexpensive.DrRogerShuttleworth,fromthePowerConversionGroupatManchesterUniversity,said:“LEDtechnologyfirstcametoprominenceininstrumentdisplaysinthe1970s,butweareincreasinglyseeingitusedinthingsliketrafficsignalsandcarlights.“Towardstheendofthe20thcentury,theold-fashionedsodiumstreetlightsthatmadeeverythinglookorangeweregraduallyreplacedbyhigh-pressuresodiumlamps.Whilethesearebrighterandmoreaestheticallypleasing,andcanhelptacklestreetcrimeandanti-socialbehaviour,theyarealsolessenergyefficient.“Withtheenvironmentatthetopofthepublicandpoliticalagenda,energysavinghasbecomeaveryimportantissue.WhenyouconsiderhowmanystreetlightsthereareintheUKalone,itiscleartherearesomebigopportunitiesforenergyandcostsavings,”headded.DialightLumidrivesmanagingdirectorGordonRoutledgestudiedelectricalandelectronicengineeringattheUniversityofManchesterInstituteofScience&Technology(UMIST),graduatingin1996.Heexplained:“LEDsareontracktobecomeamajorsourceoflightingoverthenextdecade.Althoughsignificantinvestmentison-goinginthecoredevelopmentoftheLEDs,thesurroundingtechnologydevelopmentisbeinglefttomanufacturerswhohavelittleknowledgeofelectronicsorLEDs.“WeareproudtobeworkingwiththeUniversityofManchestertodeveloptechnologywhichwilldrivetheadoptionofthisrevolutionarylightingsourceineverydayapplications,”headded.Althoughhigh-pressuresodiumvapourstreetlighting-commonacrossmuchofEurope-givesanefficiencyofabout85lumensperwatt,heclaimedthatLEDtechnologywasalreadyontracktoexceed150lumensperwattandpredictedthisfigurewouldrisefurtherasnewsemiconductordevelopmentsoccur.Aswellascuttingenergyconsumptionandoverallrunningcosts,researcherssaythatLEDstreetlightinghelpsreducelightpollution；theskyglowthatradiatesfrombigcitiescouldbecomeathingofthepast.ItisalsoproposedthatLEDstreetlightingcouldbecontrolledanddimmedwhennecessary.TheirlongerlifespanmeansthatLEDstreetlightsneedtobereplacedlessoften,reducingpotentialtrafficdisruptionandcouncilrepairbills.ThelifetimeoftheLEDmodulethatthecollaboratorsareworkingonisinexcessof10yearsinaroadlightingapplication,somefourtimeslongerthanaconventionalstreetlight.AlthoughLEDsdoexperienceagradualandpermanentreductioninlightoutputduringtheirnormaloperatinglife-causedeitherbyareductioninthelight-generatingefficiencyoftheLEDdie,orareductionoftheopticalpathwithintheLEDpackage-theDialightstreetLEDsareexpectedtoprovideabout70percentoftheiroriginallightoutputafter50,000hoursor10years,providedthattheyarenotoverdriven.Thisisnotassignificantasitsoundsbecausethehumaneyeisrelativelyinsensitivetochangesinlightoutput,andareductiontoabout50percentisnecessarytocreateanoticeablechange.Itis,saysthecompany,easytoconvertexistingstreetlightingtoanLEDsourcebecausenoelectronicsskillsarerequired.IthasbeendevelopingandexploitingLEDtechnologyforlightingapplicationsforalmostfiveyears,withasuccessfulproducerangesuppliedtomanyoftheworldsleadingequipmentmanufacturers.道路照明将率先使用低能耗的发光二极管照明技术英国的一所大学的研究人员和一个发光二极管（LED）专门企业合作，期望能够开发出将LED技术优势利用在道路照明中的最佳方法。LED最先于上世纪70年代出现在数字手表和计算机中。今天，这项技术取得了进步，可以用来制造耐用、低能耗且对社区友好型的道路照明设备。其好处有：预期寿命长（可达100,000小时），根据型号大小以及能量消耗率逐渐增加高亮度输出，对于普通照明和指示灯来说，可以用LED来实际替代传统的钠蒸汽单元。而且，由于LED体积是如此之小，所以制造商用它来制造更加圆滑、体积更小、轻量级的发光体的可能性就大大增加了。重要的是，LED对环境友好，而且还安全。它不含玻璃、灯丝或汞，所以不会发生由于卤