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2000PARTCLOSETESTDIRECTIONSFOREACHNUMBEREDBLANKINTHEFOLLOWINGPASSAGE,THEREAREFOURCHOICESMARKEDA,B,CANDDCHOOSETHEBESTONEANDMARKYOURANSWERONANSWERSHEET1BYBLACKENINGTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERINTHEBRACKETSWITHAPENCIL10POINTSIFAFARMERWISHESTOSUCCEED,HEMUSTTRYTOKEEPAWIDEGAPBETWEENHISCONSUMPTIONANDHISPRODUCTIONHEMUSTSTOREALARGEQUANTITYOFGRAIN1CONSUMINGALLHISGRAINIMMEDIATELYHECANCONTINUETOSUPPORTHIMSELFANDHISFAMILY2HEPRODUCESASURPLUSHEMUSTUSETHISSURPLUSINTHREEWAYSASSEEDFORSOWING,ASANINSURANCE3THEUNPREDICTABLEEFFECTSOFBADWEATHERANDASACOMMODITYWHICHHEMUSTSELLINORDERTO4OLDAGRICULTURALIMPLEMENTSANDOBTAINCHEMICALFERTILIZERSTO5THESOILHEMAYALSONEEDMONEYTOCONSTRUCTIRRIGATION6ANDIMPROVEHISFARMINOTHERWAYSIFNOSURPLUSISAVAILABLE,AFARMERCANNOTBE7HEMUSTEITHERSELLSOMEOFHISPROPERTYOR8EXTRAFUNDSINTHEFORMOFLOANSNATURALLYHEWILLTRYTOBORROWMONEYATALOW9OFINTEREST,BUTLOANSOFTHISKINDARENOT10OBTAINABLE139WORDS1AOTHERTHANBASWELLASCINSTEADOFDMORETHAN2AONLYIFBMUCHASCLONGBEFOREDEVERSINCE3AFORBAGAINSTCOFDTOWARDS4AREPLACEBPURCHASECSUPPLEMENTDDISPOSE5AENHANCEBMIXCFEEDDRAISE6AVESSELSBROUTESCPATHSDCHANNELS7ASELFCONFIDENTBSELFSUFFICIENTCSELFSATISFIEDDSELFRESTRAINED8ASEARCHBSAVECOFFERDSEEK9APROPORTIONBPERCENTAGECRATEDRATIO10AGENUINELYBOBVIOUSLYCPRESUMABLYDFREQUENTLYPARTREADINGCOMPREHENSIONDIRECTIONSEACHOFTHEPASSAGESBELOWISFOLLOWEDBYSOMEQUESTIONSFOREACHQUESTIONTHEREAREFOURANSWERSMARKEDA,B,CANDDREADTHEPASSAGESCAREFULLYANDCHOOSETHEBESTANSWERTOEACHOFTHEQUESTIONSTHENMARKYOURANSWERONANSWERSHEET1BYBLACKENINGTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERINTHEBRACKETSWITHAPENCIL40POINTSPASSAGE1AHISTORYOFLONGANDEFFORTLESSSUCCESSCANBEADREADFULHANDICAP,BUT,IFPROPERLYHANDLED,ITMAYBECOMEADRIVINGFORCEWHENTHEUNITEDSTATESENTEREDJUSTSUCHAGLOWINGWWWDOCINCOMPERIODAFTERTHEENDOFTHESECONDWORLDWAR,ITHADAMARKETEIGHTTIMESLARGERTHANANYCOMPETITOR,GIVINGITSINDUSTRIESUNPARALLELEDECONOMIESOFSCALEITSSCIENTISTSWERETHEWORLDSBESTITSWORKERSTHEMOSTSKILLED11AMERICAANDAMERICANSWEREPROSPEROUSBEYONDTHEDREAMSOFTHEEUROPEANSANDASIANSWHOSEECONOMIESTHEWARHADDESTROYEDITWASINEVITABLETHATTHISPRIMACYSHOULDHAVENARROWEDASOTHERCOUNTRIESGREWRICHERJUSTASINEVITABLY,THERETREATFROMPREDOMINANCEPROVEDPAINFULBYTHEMID1980SAMERICANSHADFOUNDTHEMSELVESATALOSSOVERTHEIRFADINGINDUSTRIALCOMPETITIVENESSSOMEHUGEAMERICANINDUSTRIES,SUCHASCONSUMERELECTRONICS,HADSHRUNKORVANISHEDINTHEFACEOFFOREIGNCOMPETITIONBY1987THEREWASONLYONEAMERICANTELEVISIONMAKERLEFT,ZENITHNOWTHEREISNONEZENITHWASBOUGHTBYSOUTHKOREASLGELECTRONICSINJULY12FOREIGNMADECARSANDTEXTILESWERESWEEPINGINTOTHEDOMESTICMARKETAMERICASMACHINETOOLINDUSTRYWASONTHEROPESFORAWHILEITLOOKEDASTHOUGHTHEMAKINGOFSEMICONDUCTORS,WHICHAMERICAHADINVENTEDANDWHICHSATATTHEHEARTOFTHENEWCOMPUTERAGE,WASGOINGTOBETHENEXTCASUALTYALLOFTHISCAUSEDACRISISOFCONFIDENCEAMERICANSSTOPPEDTAKINGPROSPERITYFORGRANTEDTHEYBEGANTOBELIEVETHATTHEIRWAYOFDOINGBUSINESSWASFAILING,ANDTHATTHEIRINCOMESWOULDTHEREFORESHORTLYBEGINTOFALLASWELLTHEMID1980SBROUGHTONEINQUIRYAFTERANOTHERINTOTHECAUSESOFAMERICASINDUSTRIALDECLINETHEIRSOMETIMESSENSATIONALFINDINGSWEREFILLEDWITHWARNINGSABOUTTHEGROWINGCOMPETITIONFROMOVERSEASHOWTHINGSHAVECHANGEDIN1995THEUNITEDSTATESCANLOOKBACKONFIVEYEARSOFSOLIDGROWTHWHILEJAPANHASBEENSTRUGGLING14FEWAMERICANSATTRIBUTETHISSOLELYTOSUCHOBVIOUSCAUSESASADEVALUEDDOLLARORTHETURNINGOFTHEBUSINESSCYCLESELFDOUBTHASYIELDEDTOBLINDPRIDE“AMERICANINDUSTRYHASCHANGEDITSSTRUCTURE,HASGONEONADIET,HASLEARNTTOBEMOREQUICKWITTED,”ACCORDINGTORICHARDCAVANAUGH,EXECUTIVEDEANOFHARVARDSKENNEDYSCHOOLOFGOVERNMENT“ITMAKESMEPROUDTOBEANAMERICANJUSTTOSEEHOWOURBUSINESSESAREIMPROVINGTHEIRPRODUCTIVITY,”SAYSSTEPHENMOOREOFTHECATOINSTITUTE,ATHINKTANKINWASHINGTON,DCANDWILLIAMSAHLMANOFTHEHARVARDBUSINESSSCHOOLBELIEVESTHATPEOPLEWILLLOOKBACKONTHISPERIODAS“AGOLDENAGEOFBUSINESSMANAGEMENTINTHEUNITEDSTATES”429WORDS11THEUSACHIEVEDITSPREDOMINANCEAFTERWORLDWARIIBECAUSEAITHADMADEPAINSTAKINGEFFORTSTOWARDSTHISGOALBITSDOMESTICMARKETWASEIGHTTIMESLARGERTHANBEFORECTHEWARHADDESTROYEDTHEECONOMIESOFMOSTPOTENTIALCOMPETITORSDTHEUNPARALLELEDSIZEOFITSWORKFORCEHADGIVENANIMPETUSTOITSECONOMY12THELOSSOFUSPREDOMINANCEINTHEWORLDECONOMYINTHE1980SISMANIFESTEDINTHEFACTTHATTHEAMERICANATVINDUSTRYHADWITHDRAWNTOITSDOMESTICMARKETBSEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYHADBEENTAKENOVERBYFOREIGNENTERPRISESCMACHINETOOLINDUSTRYHADCOLLAPSEDAFTERSUICIDALACTIONSDAUTOINDUSTRYHADLOSTPARTOFITSDOMESTICMARKET13WHATCANBEINFERREDFROMTHEPASSAGEAITISHUMANNATURETOSHIFTBETWEENSELFDOUBTANDBLINDPRIDEBINTENSECOMPETITIONMAYCONTRIBUTETOECONOMICPROGRESSCTHEREVIVALOFTHEECONOMYDEPENDSONINTERNATIONALCOOPERATIONWWWDOCINCOMDALONGHISTORYOFSUCCESSMAYPAVETHEWAYFORFURTHERDEVELOPMENT14THEAUTHORSEEMSTOBELIEVETHEREVIVALOFTHEUSECONOMYINTHE1990SCANBEATTRIBUTEDTOTHEATURNINGOFTHEBUSINESSCYCLEBRESTRUCTURINGOFINDUSTRYCIMPROVEDBUSINESSMANAGEMENTDSUCCESSINEDUCATIONPASSAGE215BEINGAMANHASALWAYSBEENDANGEROUSTHEREAREABOUT105MALESBORNFOREVERY100FEMALES,BUTTHISRATIODROPSTONEARBALANCEATTHEAGEOFMATURITY,ANDAMONG70YEAROLDSTHEREARETWICEASMANYWOMENASMENBUTTHEGREATUNIVERSALOFMALEMORTALITYISBEINGCHANGEDNOW,BOYBABIESSURVIVEALMOSTASWELLASGIRLSDOTHISMEANSTHAT,FORTHEFIRSTTIME,THEREWILLBEANE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