高中英语名词性从句详细讲解(可编辑)

高中英语名词性从句详细讲解引导名词性从句的连接词THAT无意义不可省不充当任何成分WHETHERIF均表示是否表明从句内容的不确定性ASIFASTHOUGH均表示好像似乎以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词WHATWHATEVERWHOWHOEVERWHOMWHOMEVERWHOSEWHICHWHICHEVER连接副词WHENWHEREHOWWHYWHENEVERWHEREVERHOWEVER连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用在从句中充当从句的成分不可省略的连词1介词后的连词2引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略THATSHEWASCHOSENMADEUSVERYHAPPYWEHEARDTHENEWSTHATOURTEAMHADWON在复合句中作主语的从句引导词有连词THATWHETHER代词WHOWHATWHICH副词WHENWHEREHOWWHY等另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等语气时谓语动词要用虚拟语气SHOULDDO常用的句型有ITISNECESSARYIMPORTANTNATURALSTRANGEETCTHATITISSUGGESTEDREQUESTEDPROPOSEDDESIREDETCTHAT1_INTHEREGULATIONSTHATYOUSHOULDNOTTELLOTHERPEOPLETHEPASSWORDOFYOUREMAILACCOUNT2005上海AWHATISREQUIREDBWHATREQUIRESCITISREQUIREDDITREQUIRES2THEFOREIGNMINISTERSAID_OURHOPETHATTHETWOSIDESWILLWORKTOWARDSPEACE2006北京ATHISBTHEREISCTHATISDITIS3AFTERYANGLIWEISUCCEEDEDINCIRCLINGTHEEARTH_OURASTRONAUTSDESIRETODOISWALKINSPACE2004上海AWHEREBWHATCTHATDHOW1由连接词THAT引导的宾语从句由连接词THAT引导宾语从句时THAT在句中不担任任何成分在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去但如从句是并列句时第二个分句前的THAT不可省例如WEMUSTNEVERTHINKTHATWEAREGOODINEVERYTHINGWHILEOTHERSAREGOODINNOTHING注意在DEMANDORDERSUGGESTDECIDEINSISTDESIREREQUESTCOMMANDDOUBT等表示要求命令建议决定等意义的动词后宾语从句常用SHOULD动词原形IINSISTTHATSHESHOULDDOHERWORKALONE我坚持要她自己工作THECOMMANDERORDEREDTHATTROOPSSHOULDSETOFFATONCE司令员命令部队马上出发2用WHETHER或IF引导的宾语从句其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒仍保持陈述句语序此外WHETHER与IF在作是否的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用WHETHER不用IFA引导主语从句并在句首时B引导表语从句时C引导从句作介词宾语时D从句后有ORNOT时E后接动词不定式时WHETHERTHEREISLIFEONTHEMOONISANINTERESTINGQUESTIONTHEQUESTIONISWHETHERSHESHOULDHAVEALOWOPINIONOFTHETESTEVERYTHINGDEPENDSONWHETHERWEHAVEENOUGHMONEYIWONDERWHETHERHEWILLCOMEORNOTCANYOUTELLMEWHETHERTOGOORTOSTAY4注意宾语从句中的时态呼应当主句动词是现在时从句根据自身的句子情况而使用不同时态例如IKNOWTHATHESTUDIESENGLISHEVERYDAYIKNOWTHATHESTUDIEDENGLISHLASTTERMIKNOWTHATHEWILLSTUDYENGLISHNEXTYEARIKNOWTHATHEHASSTUDIEDENGLISHSINCE1998当主句动词是过去时态COULDWOULD除外从句则要用相应的过去时态如一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时等当从句表示的是客观真理科学原理自然现象则从句仍用现在时态例如THETEACHERTOLDUSTHATTOMHADLEFTUSFORAMERICA需要注意的当主语是REASON时表语从句要用THAT引导而不是BECAUSETHEREASONWHYHEWASLATEWASTHATHEMISSEDTHETRAINBYONEMINUTETHISMORNING注意WHETHER可引导表语从句但与之同义的IF却通常不用于引导表语从句同位语从句和定语从句的区别THAT作为关系代词可以引导定语从句充当句子成分在从句中作宾语时可以省略THAT引导同位语从句时起连词的作用没有实际意义不充当句子成分一般不能省略IHADNOIDEATHATYOUWEREHERETHAT引导同位语从句不能省略HAVEYOUGOTTHEIDEATHATTHISBOOKGIVESYOUOFLIFEINANCIENTGREECETHAT引导定语从句作宾语可以省略EXERCISES名词性从句NOUNCLAUSE主语从句SUBJECTCLAUSE宾语从句OBJECTCLAUSE表语从句PREDICATIVECLAUSE同位语从句APPOSITIVECLAUSE请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WHATIWANTTODOISTAKINGABATHTHENEWSTHATTHEYWONTHEGAMESPREADTHEWHOLESCHOOLIDONTTHINKHEISANHONESTBOYTHEFACTISTHATHESTOLETHECARDOYOUKNOWTHEFACTTHATHESTOLETHECARDOYOUKNOWTHEMANWHOISSTANDINGOVERTHEREITISSAIDTHATTHEYWONTHEGAME主从同位语从句宾从表从同位语从句定从主从1THATHEISAFAMOUSSINGERISKNOWNTOUSITISKNOWNTOUSTHATHEISAFAMOUSSINGER2WHENHEWILLGOTOAMERICAISNOTYETFIXEDITISNOTYETFIXEDWHENHEWILLGOTOAMERICA主语从句1ITBE形容词THAT从句ITISNECESSARYIMPORTANTOBVIOUSTHAT2ITBEED分词THAT从句ITISBELIEVEDTHAT人们相信ITISKNOWNTOUSALLTHAT众所周知ITHASBEENDECIDEDTHAT已经决定3ITBE名词THAT从句ITISCOMMONKNOWLEDGETHAT是常识ITISASURPRISETHAT令人惊奇的是ITISAFACTTHAT事实是4IT不及物动词THAT从句ITAPPEARSTHAT似乎ITHAPPENSTHAT碰巧ITOCCURREDTOMETHAT我突然想起主语从句中的主谓一致1主语从句通常被看作一个整体主句的谓语动词用单数形式THATTHEYWILLCOME_CERTAIN2WHAT引导主语从句时主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定WHATHEWANTS_THESEBOOKSWHATHEWANTS_SOMEWATER注意ISAREISEXERCISES宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句通常放在主句谓语动词及物动词或介词之后1SHEDIDNOTKNOWWHATHADHAPPENED2OURSUCCESSDEPENDSUPONHOWWELLWECANCOOPERATEWITHONEANOTHER3IAMAFRAIDTHATIVEMADEAMISTAKE宾语从句作动词的宾语作介词的宾语作形容词的宾语宾语从句中的时态呼应与否定转移若主句谓语动词为THINKCONSIDERSUPPOSEBELIEVEEXPECTFANCYGUESSIMAGINE等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上从句谓语用肯定式例如HETOLDMETHATHE_HISJOB已经完成了工作时态呼应否定转移我认为他不会来这里ITHINKHEWONTCOMEHEREIDONTTHINKHEWILLCOMEHEREHADFINISHED宾语从句中用IT作形式宾语WETHINKITOURDUTYTHATWESHOULDHELPOTHERS注意如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时一般用IT来作形式宾语把从句放在宾补后面我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的IFINDITIMPOSSIBLETHATHECANFINISHTHEWORKINTWODAYSEXERCISESIT作形式主语或形式宾语1IHATE_WHENPEOPLETALKWITHTHEIRMOUTHSFULLAITBTHATCTHESEDTHEM2IFEEL_STRANGETHATHESHOULDBESOCARELESSABITCTHATDHOW3ITWORRIEDHERABIT_HERHAIRWASTURNINGGREYAWHILEBTHATCIFDFOR4WILLYOUSEETO_THATTHELUGGAGEISBROUGHTBACKAWEBYOURSELFCITDTHEMABBC在复合句中作主句的表语引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样表语从句1问题是我们和他已失去联系2这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的3天看起来要下雨了THEPROBLEMIS_THISIS_ITLOOKS_THATWEHAVELOSTTOUCHWITHHIMHOWHENRYSOLVEDTHEPROBLEMASIFITISGOINGTORAIN在句中起同位语的作用一般放在名词FACTNEWSIDEAPROMISETHOUGHTSUGGESTIONBELIEFTRUTH等之后用以说明或解释前面的名词引导词有连词THAT不能省少数情况下也可用连接副词等1THETHOUGHTTHATWEMIGHTSUCCEEDEXCITEDUS2THEIDEATHATTHEYSHOULDTRYASECONDTIMEISWORTHCONSIDERING3THESUGGESTIONTHATTHEPLANSHOULDBEDELAYEDWILLBEDISCUSSEDTOMORROW同位语从句1DORISSUCCESSLIESINTHEFACT_SHEISCOOPERATIVEANDEAGERTOLEARNFROMOTHERS2006上海春季AWHICHBTHATCWHENDWHY2DOYOUHAVEANYIDEA_ISACTUALLYGOINGONINTHECLASSROOM2005辽宁ATHATBWHATCASDWHICH3THEREISAFEELINGINME_WELLNEVERKNOWWHATAUFOISNOTEVER2002上海ATHATBWHICHCOFWHICHDWHAT4INFORMATIONHASBEENPUTFORWARD_MOREMIDDLESCHOOLGRADUATESWILLBEADMITTEDINTOUNIVERSITIESAWHILEBTHATCWHENDAS1THEYWANTTOKNOW_DOTOHELPUSAWHATCANTHEYBWHATTHEYCANCHOWTHEYCANDHOWCANTHEY2CANYOUMAKESURE_THEGOLDRINGAWHEREALICEHADPUTBWHEREHADALICEPUTCWHEREALICEHASPUTDWHEREHASALICEPUT3SOMEONEISRINGINGMARYGOANDSEE_AWHOISHEBWHOHEISCWHOISITDWHOITISBCI语序问题考点归纳D归纳在名词性从句中除了关联词在从句之首外其它部分应用_的语序陈述II用IF或WHETHER填空1IDONTKNOW_ILLBEFREETOMORROW2IDONTKNOW_ORNOTILLBEFREETOMORROW3THEQUESTIONIS_THISBOOKISWORTHWRITING4ITDEPENDSON_WEWILLHAVEENOUGHMONEY5_THEYCANDOITMATTERSLITTLETOUS6_YOUARENOTFREETOMORROWILLGOWITHOUTYOUWHETHERIFWHETHERWHETHERWHETHERWHETHERIFA主语从句表语从句同位语从句介词后面的宾语从句只能用_不能用IFB后面紧跟ORNOT时用_归纳WHETHERWHETHERIIITHAT与WHETHERIF的选择1_KNOWLEDGECOMESFROMPRACTICEISKNOWNTOALLWHATBWHERECIFDTHAT2ITMAKESNODIFFERENCE_OURSPORTSMEETWILLBEHELDTHISWEEKORNEXTWEEKATHATBEITHERCWHETHERDWHEN3IDOUBT_HEWILLCOMESOON4