2012年高考真题——英语(山东卷) word版 答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）WHENEVERWEHEARABOUT“THEHOMELESS,”,MOSTOFUSTHINKOFTHEDEVELOPINGWORLDBUTTHE36ISTHATHOMELESSNESSISEVERYWHEREFOREXAMPLE,HOWMANYOFUSWOULDEXPECTTOSEEPEOPLELIVINGONTHESTREETSOFA37COUNTRYLIKEGERMANYKURTMULLERANDHISWIFERITAHAVESPENTELEVENYEARSMAKING38FORTHEHOMELESSOFBERLIN,GERMANYSCAPITALTHEYFIRST39ONELONGHOTSUMMERWHENMOSTGERMANSWERE40ONHOLIDAYKURTANDHISWIFESTAYEDATHOME,MADESANDWICHES,41ATABLEINTHESTREETANDGAVEFOODTOTHEHOMELESSTHEMULLERSSOONREALIZEDTHATFOODANDCLOTHINGWERENT42“WHATTHESEPEOPLEALSONEEDISWARMTHAND43,”SAYSRITATHEMULLERSDIDNT44TOGIVETHEIRPHONENUMBERTOTHESTREETPEOPLEANDTOLDTHEMTOPHONEANYTIMERITA45THEREWASSOMEBODYATHOMETOANSWERTHEPHONEANDTHEIRHOMEWASALWAYS46TOANYONEWHOCOULDNTFACEANOTHERNIGHTONTHESTREETTHECOUPLEWERESOON47ALLTHEIRTIMEANDMONEY,SOKURTVISITEDFOODANDCLOTHINGCOMPANIESTO48DONATIONSTODAY,OVERTHIRTYCOMPANIES49DONATEFOODANDOTHERGOODSTOTHECAUSEANDVOLUNTEERSHELPTO50THEMTOTHEHOMELESSTHEPUBLICALSOGIVECLOTHESANDMONEYANDASHOEPRODUCER51NEWSHOESKURTANDRITARECEIVENO52FORTHEIRHARDWORK“WEFEELLIKEPARENTS,”SAYSRITA,“ANDPARENTSSHOULDNT53MONEYFORHELPINGTHEIRCHILDRENTHELOVEWEGETONTHESTREETSISOURSALARY”THOUGHRITAADMITSSHEOFTENGETS54SHESAYSSHEWILLCONTINUEWITHHERWORKBECAUSESHELIKESTHEFEELINGOFHAVINGMADEA55INTHEWORLD36ARESULTBTRUTHCREASONDIDEA37ATRADITIONALBDEVELOPINGCTYPICALDWEALTHY38APREPARATIONSBHOUSESCMEALSDSUGGESTIONS39ABEGANBMETCCALLEDDLEFT40AASLEEPBALONECACROSSDAWAY41ABROUGHTUPBSETUPCPUTASIDEDGAVEAWAY42AENOUGHBNECESSARYCHELPFULDEXPENSIVE43AFAMEBFREEDOMCCOURAGEDCARING44AHESITATEBAGREECPRETENDDINTEND45AMAKESENSEBFOUNDOUTCMAKESUREDWORKEDOUT46AOPENBCROWDEDCNOISYDNEAR47ACOSTINGBWASTINGCTAKINGDSPENDING48APAYFORBASKFORCLOOKINTODCARRYOUT49ACOMPLETELYBCALMLYCREGULARLYDROUGHLY50AADVERTISEBSELLCDELIVERDLEND51ADONATESBPRODUCESCDESIGNSDCOLLECTS52APERMISSIONBPAYMENTCDIRECTIONDSUPPORT53ABORROWBRAISECSAVEDEXPECT54ASURPRISEDBEXCITEDCTIREDDAMUSED55APROFITBDIFFERENCECDECISIONDRULE第三部分阅读理解ATHEPACIFICISLANDNATIONOFNAURUUSEDTOBEABEAUTIFULPLACENOWITISANECOLOGICALDISASTERAREANAURUSHEARTBREAKINGSTORYCOULDHAVEONEGOODCONSEQUENCEOTHERCOUNTRIESMIGHTLEARNFROMITSMISTAKESFORTHOUSANDSOFYEARS,POLYNESIANPEOPLELIVEDTHEREMOTEISLANDOFNAURU,FARFROMWESTERNCIVILIZATIONTHEFIRSTEUROPEANTOARRIVEWASJOHNFEARNIN1798HEWASTHEBRITISHCAPTAINOFTHEHUNTER,AWHALINGSHIPHECALLEDTHEISLANDPLEASANTISLANDHOWEVER,BECAUSEITWASVERYREMOTE,NAURUHADLITTLECOMMUNICATIONWITHEUROPEANSATFIRSTTHEWHALINGSHIPSANDOTHERTRADERSBEGANTOVISIT,BRINGINGGUNSANDALCOHOLTHESEELEMENTSDESTROYEDTHESOCIALBALANCEOFTHETWELVEFAMILYGROUPSONTHEISLANDATENYEARCIVILWARSTARTED,WHICHREDUCEDTHEPOPULATIONFROM1,400TO900NAURUSREALTROUBLESBEGANIN1899WHENABRITISHMININGCOMPANYDISCOVEREDPHOSPHATE磷酸盐ONTHEISLANDINFACT,ITFOUNDTHATTHEISLANDOFNAURUWASNEARLYALLPHOSPHATE,WHICHAVERYIMPORTANTFERTILIZERFORFARMINGTHECOMPANYBEGANMININGTHEPHOSPHATEAPHOSPHATEMINEISNOTAHOLEINTHEGROUNDITISASTRIPMINEWHENACOMPANYSTRIPMINES,ITREMOVESTHETOPLAYEROFSOILTHENITTAKESAWAYTHEMATERIALITWANTSSTRIPMININGTOTALLYDESTROYSTHELANDGRADUALLY,THELOVELYISLANDOFNAURUSTARTEDTOLOOKLIKETHEMOONIN1968,NAURUBECAMEONEOFTHERICHESTCOUNTRIESINTHEWORLDEVERYYEARTHEGOVERNMENTRECEIVEDMILLIONSANDMILLIONSOFDOLLARSFORITSPHOSPHATEUNFORTUNATELY,THELEADERSINVESTEDTHEMONEYUNWISELYANDLOSTMILLIONSOFDOLLARSINADDITION,THEYUSEDMILLIONSMOREDOLLARSFORPERSONALEXPENSESSOONPEOPLEREALIZEDTHATTHEYHADATERRIBLEPROBLEMTHEIRPHOSPHATEWASRUNNINGOUTNINETYPERCENTOFTHEIRISLANDWASDESTROYEDANDTHEYHADNOTHINGBY2000,NAURUWASFINANCIALLYRUINEDEXPERTSSAYTHATITWOULDTAKEAPPROXIMATELY433,600,000ANDMORETHAN20YEARSTOREPAIRTHEISLANDTHISWILLPROBABLYNEVERHAPPEN56WHATMIGHTBETHEAUTHORSPURPOSEINWRITINGTHETEXTATOSEEKHELPFORNAURUSPROBLEMSBTOGIVEAWARNINGTOOTHERCOUNTRIESCTOSHOWTHEIMPORTANCEOFMONEYDTOTELLAHEARTBREAKINGSTORYOFAWAR57WHATWASNAURULIKEBEFORETHEEUROPEANSCAMEARICHANDPOWERFULBMODERNANDOPENCPEACEFULANDATTRACTIVEDGREEDYANDAGGRESSIVE58THEECOLOGICALDISASTERINNAURURESULTEDFROM_ASOILPOLLUTIONBPHOSPHATEOVERMININGCFARMINGACTIVITYDWHALEHUNTING59WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGWASACAUSEOFNAURUSFINANCIALPROBLEMAITSLEADERSMISUSEDTHEMONEYBITSPENTTOOMUCHREPAIRINGTHEISLANDCITSPHOSPHATEMININGCOSTMUCHMONEYDITLOSTMILLIONSOFDOLLARSINTHECIVILWAR60WHATCANWELEARNABOUTNAURUFROMTHELASTPARAGRAPHATHEECOLOGICALDAMAGEISDIFFICULTTOREPAIRBTHELEADERSWILLTAKETHEEXPERTSWORDSSERIOUSLYCTHEISLANDWASABANDONEDBYTHENAURUANSDTHEPHOSPHATEMINESWEREDESTROYEDBONEOFTHEGREATESTCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEFIRSTOXFORDENGLISHDICTIONARYWASALSOONEOFITSMOSTUNUSUALIN1879,OXFORDUNIVERSITYINENGLANDASKEDPROFJAMESMURRAYTOSERVEASEDITORFORWHATWASTOBETHEMOSTAMBITIOUSDICTIONARYINTHEHISTORYOFTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEITWOULDINCLUDEEVERYENGLISHWORDPOSSIBLEANDWOULDGIVENOTONLYTHEDEFINITIONBUTALSOTHEHISTORYOFTHEWORDANDQUOTATIONS引文SHOWINGHOWITWASUSEDTHISWASAHUGETASKSOMURRARYHADTOFINDVOLUNTEERSFROMBRITAIN,THEUNITEDSTATES,ANDTHEBRITISHCOLONIESTOSEARCHEVERYNEWSPAPER,MAGAZINE,ANDBOOKEVERWRITTENINENGLISHHUNDREDSOFVOLUNTEERSRESPONDED,INCLUDINGWILLIAMCHESTERMINORDRMINORWASANAMERICANSURGEONWHOHADSERVEDINTHECIVILWARANDWASNOWLIVINGINENGLANDHEGAVEHISADDRESSAS“BROADMOOR,CROW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，有碑仆道，其文漫灭。王安石游褒禅山记文曰“天启壬戌秋日”。明魏学洢核舟记文曰“初平山尺”。5又如甲骨文；金文；汉文；英文；文迹（文字所记载的事迹）；文书爻（有关文字、文凭之类的卦象）；文异（文字相异）；文轨（文字和车轨）；文狱（文字狱）；文钱（钱。因钱有文字，故称）；文状（字据，军令状）；文引（通行证；路凭）；文定（定婚）。6文章（遣造的词句叫做“文”，结构段落叫做“章”。）LITERARYCOMPOSITION故说诗者不以文害辞。孟子万章上好古文。唐韩愈师说属予作文以记之。宋范仲淹岳阳楼记能述以文。宋欧阳修醉翁亭记摘其诗文。清纪昀阅微草堂笔记7又如文价（文章的声誉）；文魔（书呆子）；文会（旧时读书人为了准备应试，在一起写文章、互相观摩的集会）；文移（旧时官府文书的代称）；文雄（擅长写文章的大作家）；文意（文章的旨趣）；文义（文章的义理）；文情（文章的词句和情思）；本文（所指的这篇文章）；作文（写文章；学习练习所写的文章）；文魁（文章魁首）；文价（文章的声价）；文什（文章与诗篇）。8美德；文德VIRTUE圣云继之神，神乃用文治。杜牧感怀诗一首9又如文丈（对才高德韶的老者的敬称）；文母（文德之母）；文武（文德与武功）；文命（文德教命）；文惠（文德恩惠）；文德（写文