外文翻译--机械手模型设计及制作.doc

英文原文RobothandmodeldesignandproductionScientificconceptofdevelopmentofengineeringtechnologyhasopenedupabroadroad,whiletherobotasahigh-techautomatedproductionequipment,hasbeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldsofnationaleconomy,whichtheeducationandtrainingsectorofourproposednewrequirements.Therefore,inordertoadapttothesituationofsocialdevelopment,basedonexistingtechnologytodesignateachingtyperobotsciencehasfar-reachingsignificance.Thesubjectofdesignforteachinghandlingrobots,mainlyconsistsofrobotsoveralldesign,robotmechanicalstructuredesign,aswellasdrive,controlsystemdesign,implementationofthemanipulatorhandsoffourdegreesoffreedom:thearmmovements,stretchingandwrist,arm,rotary.Thedesignoftheteachingfunctionofmechanicalhandrequirementsandpracticalsignificance,achievedbypneumaticcylinderspushthearmmovementsandstretching,rotarypneumaticcylindersusedtoachievearmandwristrotation.Manipulatordesignsimple,easytooperate,underthecontroloftheMCUtocompletethedesiredaction,givingthestudentsavisualimpression,toachievethepurposeofteachingdemonstration.KeywordsManipulatorTeachingtypeFourDegreesofFreedomSCM1.AnoverviewofindustrialmanipulatorMachinehandisakindofpositioningcontrolwhichcanbeautomatedandcanbere-programmedtochangeinmulti-functionalmachine,whichhasmultipledegreesoffreedomcanbeusedtocarryanobjectinordertocompletetheworkindifferentenvironments.LowwagesinChina,plasticproductsindustry,althoughstillalabor-intensive,mechanicalhandusehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.ElectronicsandautomotiveindustriesthatEuropeandtheUnitesStatesmultinationalcompaniesveryearlyintheirfactoriesinChina,theintroductionofautomatedproduction.Butnowthechangesarethosefoundinindustrial-intensiveSouthChina,EastChinascoastalareas,localplasticprocessingplantshavealsoemergedinmechanicalwatchesbegantobecomeincreasinglyinterestedin,becausetheyhavetofaceahighturnoverrateofworkers,aswellasfortheworkerstopaywork-relatedinjuriesfeechallenges.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChinasindustrialproduction,especiallythereformandopeningupaftertherapidincreaseinthedegreeofautomationtoachievetheworkpiecehandling,steering,transmissionoroperationofbrazing,spraygun,wrenchesandothertoolsforprocessingandassemblyoperationssince,whichhasmoreandmoreattractedourattention.Machinehandistoimitatethemanualpartoftheaction,accordingtoagivenprogram,trackandrequirementsforautomaticcapture,handlingoroperationoftheautomaticmechanicaldevices.Inreallife,youwillfindthisaproblem.Inthemachineshop,theprocessingofpartsloadingtimeisnotannoying,andlaborproductivityisnothigh,thecostofproductionmajor,andsometimesman-madeincidentswilloccur,resultinginprocessingwereinjures.Thinkaboutwhatcouldreplaceitwiththeprocessingtimeofatouraslongasthereareafewpeople,andcanoperate24hourssaturatedhumanright?Theanswerisyes,butthemachinehandcancometoreplaceit.Productionofmechanicalhandcanincreasetheautomationlevelofproductionandlaborproductivity；canreducelaborintensity,ensuringproductquality,toachievesafeproduction；particularlyinthehigh-temperature,highpressure,lowtemperature,lowpressure,dust,explosive,toxicandradioactivegasessuchaspoorenvironmentcanreplacethenormalworkingpeople.HereIwouldliketothinkofdesigningamachinehandtobeusedinactualproduction.Whywouldamachinehanddesignedtoprovideapneumaticpower:pneumaticmachinehandreferstothecompressedairaspowersource-drivenmachinehand.Withpressure-drivenandotherenergy-drivencomparisonhavethefollowingadvantages:1.Airinexhaustible,usedlaterdischargedintotheatmosphere,doesnotrequirerecyclinganddisposal,donotpollutetheenvironment.(Conceptofenvironmentalprotection)2.Airstickissmall,thepipelinepressurelossissmall(typicallylessthanasphaltgaspathpressuredropofone-thousandth),tofacilitatelong-distancetransport.3.Compressedairoftheworkingpressureislow(usually4to8kg/persquarecentimeter),andthereforemovingthematerialcomponentsandmanufacturingaccuracyrequirementscanbelowered.4.Withthehydraulictransmission,comparedtoitsfasteractionandreaction,whichisoneoftheadvantagespneumaticoutstanding.5.Theaircleanermedia,itwillnotdegenerate,noteasytoplugthepipeline.Buttherearealsoplaceswhereitfliesintheointment:1.Asthecompressibilityofair,resultinginpooraerodynamicstabilityofthework,resultingintheimplementingagenciesastheprecisionofthevelocityandnoteasilycontrolled.2.Astheuseoflowatmosphericpressure,theoutputpowercannotbetoolarge；inordertoincreasetheoutputpowerisboundtothestructureoftheentirepneumaticsystemsizeincreased.2.Thecomposition,mechanicalhandMachinehandintheformofavarietyofforms,somerelativelysimple,somemorecomplicated,butthebasicformisthesameasthecompositionofthe,usuallybytheimplementingagencies,transmissionsystems,controlsystemsandauxiliarydevicescomposed.1.ImplementingagenciesManipulatorexecutingagencybythehands,wrists,arm,pillars.Handsarecrawlinginstitutions,isusedtoclampandreleasetheworkpiece,andsimilartohumanfingers,tocompletethestaffingofsimilaractions.Wristandfingersandthearmconnectingthecomponentscanbeupanddown,left,androtarymovement.Asimplemechanicalhandcannotwrist.Pillarsusedtosupportthearmcanalsobemademobileasneeded.2.TransmissionTheactuatortobeachievedbythetransmissionsystem.Sub-transmissionsystemcommonlyusedmanipulatormechanicaltransmission,hydraulictransmission,pneumaticandelectricpowertransmissionandotherdriveseveralforms.3.ControlSystemManipulatorcontrolsystemsmainroleistocontrolthemachinehandaccordingtocertainprocedures,direction,position,speedofaction,asimplemechanicalhandisgenerallynotsetupadedicatedcontrolsystem,usingonlytripswitches,relays,controlvalvesandcircuitscanbeachieveddynamicdrivesystemcontrol,sothatimplementingagenciesaccordingtotherequirementsofaction.Actionwillhavetousecomplexprogrammablemachinehandcontroller,themicro-computercontrol.3.MechanicalhandclassificationandcharacteristicsMachinehandsaregenerallydividedintothreecategories:thefirstisthegeneralmachinerydoesnotrequiremanualhand.Itisanindependentnotaffiliatedwithaparticularhostdevice.Itcanbeprogrammedaccordingtotheneedsofthetasktocompletetheoperationoftheprovisions.Itischaracterizedwithordinarymechanicalperformance,alsohasgeneralmachinery,memory,intelligenceternarymachinery.Thesecondcategoryistheneedtomanuallydoit,calledtheoperationofaircraft.Itoriginatedintheatom,militaryindustry,firstthroughtheoperationofmachinestocompleteaparticularjob,andlaterdevelopedtooperateusingradiosignalstocarryoutdetectingmachinessuchastheMoon.Usedinindustrialmanipulatoralsofallintothiscategory.Thethirdcategoryisdedicatedmanipulator,themainsubsidiaryoftheautomaticmachinesorautomaticlines,tosolvethemachineupanddowntheworkpiecematerialanddelivery.Thismechanicalhandinforeigncountriesknownasthe“MechanicalHand”,whichisthehostofservices,fromthehost-driven；exceptionofafewoutsidetheworkingproceduresaregenerallyfixed,andthereforespecial.MainfeaturesFirst,mechanicalhand(theupperandlowermaterialmachinehand,assemblymachinehand,handlingmachinehand,stackingmachinehand,helpmachinehand,vacuumhandlingmachines,vacuumsuctioncrane,labor-savingspreader,pneumaticbalancer,etc.)Second,cantilevercranes(cantilevercrane,electricchainhoistcrane,airbalancethehanging,etc.)Third,rail-typetransportsystem(hangingrail,lightrail,singlegirdercranes,double-beamcrane)Four,industrialmachinery,applicationofhandManipulatorinthemechanizationandautomationoftheproductionprocessdevelopedanewtypeofdevice.Inrecentyears,aselectronictechnology,especiallycomputerextensiveuseofmachinehanddevelopmentandproductionofhigh-techfieldshasbecomearapidlydevelopedanewtechnology,whichfurtherpromotedthedevelopmentofmachinehand,allowingmachinehandtobetterachievedwiththecombinationofmechanizationandautomation.Althoughthemachinehandisnotasflexibleasstaff,butithastothecontinuousduplicationofworkandlabor,Idonotknowfatigue,notafraidofdanger,thepowersnatchweightcharacteristicswhencomparedwithmanuallarge,therefore,mechanicalhandhasbeenappliedwidely,forexample:a)Machiningtheworkpieceloadingandunloading,especiallyintheautomaticlathe,combinationmachinetooluseismorecommon.b)Intheassemblyoperationsarewidelyusedintheelectronicsindustry,itcanbeusedtoassembleprintedcircuitboards,inthemachineryindustry.Itcanbeusedtoassemblepartsandcomponents.c)Theworkingconditionsmaybepoor,monotonous,repetitiveeasytosub-fatigueworkingenvironmenttoreplacehumanlabor.d)Maybeindangeroussituations,suchasmilitarygoodshandling,dangerousgoodsandhazardousmaterialremovalandsoon.e)Universeandoceandevelopment.f)Militaryengineeringandbiomedicalresearchandtesting.Helpmechanicalhand:allknowasthebalancer,balancesuspended,labor-savingspreader,manualTransfermachineisakindofweightlessnessofmanualloadsystem,anovel,time-savi