初中英语动词不定式用法梳理【精品-doc】

初中英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号TO动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带TO，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。现对九年级动词不定式的用法作一次简要梳理。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用IT作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如1ASYOUNGADULTS,ITISOURDUTYTOTRYOURBESTTODEALWITHEACHCHALLENGEP82THEHEADTEACHERSAIDITWASNECESSARYTOTALKWITHHISMOTHERP163HOWTOMAKEREQUESTSPOLITELYISIMPORTANTP93二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如1THEBESTWAYTOIMPROVEYOURENGLISHISTOJOINANENGLISHCLUBP72THEFIRSTTHINGISTOGREETTHETEACHERP96三、用作宾语1可以接带TO的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有要求选择同意ASK,CHOOSE,AGREE，期望决定学习EXPECT,HOPE,DECIDE,LEARN，宁可假装知道PREFER,PRETEND,KNOW，希望想要愿意WISH,WANT,WOULDLIKE/LOVE。如1WEDECIDEDTOTALKTOSOMESTUDENTSABOUTWHYTHEYGOTHEREP882HEPREFERSTOEATWHITEBREADANDRICEP503IDLOVETOVISITMEXICOP532动词DECIDE,KNOW,LEARN,SHOW,TEACH,TELL，介词结构ON可用疑问词带TO的不定式短语作宾语，但WHY后面的不定式不带TO。如1COULDYOUPLEASETELLMEWHERETOPARKMYCARP922ITGIVESADVICEONWHATTODOINLOTSOFDIFFERENTSITUATIONSP323动词FEEL,FIND,MAKE,THINK等后面，可以用IT作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是FEEL/FIND/MAKE/ITADJ/NTODO。如IFINDITDIFFICULTTOREMEMBEREVERYTHINGP984既可接动词不定式又可接VING形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有BEGIN,START,LIKE,LOVE等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，VING形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如1THENISTARTEDTOWATCHENGLISHLANGUAGETVP62IMBEGINNINGTOUNDERSTANDMYCHINESEROOTS,ANDWHOIAMP116BEGIN用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3ILIKETOEATVEGETABLESP118感知动词LIKE,LOVE,KNOW等一般不用进行时态。5后接动词不定式或VING形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有FORGET,REMEMBER等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接VING形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。STOPTODO停下来做另外一件事，TODO是目的状语；STOPDOING停止做、不做当前这件事，DOING是宾语。TRYTODO尽力做，TRYDOING试试看；GOONTODO接着做另外的事，GOONDOING继续做原来的事。如1WHENILEFTHOME,IHADFORGOTTENTOBRINGITWITHMEP1072ISTOPPEDUSINGTHEMLASTYEARP1213宾语是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如HEISDOINGHISHOMEWORK名词THEYDIDNOTHINGTHISMORNING代词SHEWANTSTOGOHOME不定式WEENJOYPLAYINGFOOTBALL动名词【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有GIVE，BUY，LEND，PASS，TELL，LEAVE等。如HEBOUGHTMEABOOKPASSMETHEBALL，WILLYOU间宾直宾直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如TO或FOR等。如HANCHENLENTSOMEMONEYTOLIHAI直宾间宾XIAOLIUBOUGHTADICTIONARYFORTOM直宾间宾有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有WANT，WISH，HOPE，PROMISE，DECIDE，AGREE，CHOOSE，CARE等。如IHOPETOSEEYOUAGAIN有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有ENJOY，FINISH，MIND，PRACTISE，MISS，SUGGEST，KEEPON等。如DOYOUMINDMYOPENINGTHEWINDOW有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。AFORGETTODO表示“未发生的动作”，FORGETDOING表示“已完成的动作”。如DONTFORGETTOCOMEHEREEARLIERTOMORROW还没来IFORGOTRETURNINGTHEBOOKTOHIM书已还给他了BSTOPTODO不定式为状语表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，STOPDOING表示“停止做某事”。如ISTOPPEDTOTALKWITHHIM我停下来与他谈话。THESTUDENTSSTOPPEDTALKINGWHENTHETEACHERCAMEIN老师进来时学生们停止谈话。4定语用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如WHATABEAUTIFULKITEITIS形容词SHEISACHEMISTRYTEACHER名词THEREARETWOSTUDENTSINTHECLASSROOM数词WEHAVESOMETHINGTODOTOMORROW不定式THEMANINBLUEISMYBROTHER介词短语【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。5状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如THANKYOUVERYMUCH副词IGETUPATFIVEINTHEMORNING介词短语HEISSTUDYINGHARDSOASTOCATCHUPWITHOTHERS不定式短语WEWEREHAVINGBREAKFASTWHENTHETELEPHONERANG从句【注意】ENOUGH作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如HEISOLDENOUGHTOGOTOSCHOOL6表语用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有BE，LOOK，GET，SOUND听起来，FEEL，BECOME，SMELL，TURN，TASTE尝起来等。如THEYAREWORKERS名词TWOANDTHREEISFIVE数词THESTORYISVERYINTERESTING形容词MYJOB工作ISTEACHINGENGLISH动名词SHEISATHOME介词短语IFEELTERRIBLE形容词THEDISHTASTESDELICIOUS形容词7宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有TELL，LET，HELP，TEACH，ASK，SEE，HAVE，ORDER，MAKE等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如WEELECTEDHIMMONITOR名词IFOUNDITDIFFICULTTOLEARNENGLISHWELL形容词THEDOCTORTOLDMETODOMOREEXERCISE不定式短语HEISGOINGTOHAVEHISHAIRCUT过去分词THEYSAWABIRDFLYINGINTHESKY现在分词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