外文翻译--消防.doc

英文原文FireFightingAlongwiththeourcountryeconomicdevelopmentrapiddevelopment,thelivesofthepeoplelevelunceasingenhancement,thecityusestobedaybydayanxious,urgesthebuildingtofacethedirectionisdeveloping.Thiskindofhighlevelcivilconstructionrepairneededmaterialsandthewayalsomorehastenthediversification,andalongwithuseselectricitytheloadandcoalgasconsumptionquantityenlarging,proposedtothefireauto-alarmsystemdesignishigher,astricterrequest.Inordertoguaranteethepeoplelifeandpropertythesecurity,thefireauto-alarmsystemdesignhasbecomeinthehighlevelcivilconstructiondesignoneofmostimportantdesigncontents.Presentlybasedontheauthorfireofauto-alarmsystemdesignoverseeingworkinthehighlevelcivilbuildingexperience,proposedinpresentnationalrelatedstandardandstandarduncleartruedetailshallowopinion,byforthecolleaguestodiscussandtopointoutmistakes.First,designbasis:Thefireauto-alarmsystemdesignisaspecializedverystrongtechnologywork,atthesametimealsohastheverystrongpolicy-type.Therefore,firstshouldbeclearaboutthefollowingdesignbasis:1st,mustgraspthearchitecturaldesignfireprotectionstandard,thesystemdesignstandard,theequipmentmanufacturestandard,theinstallmentconstructionapprovalstandardandtheadministrationlawsandregulationsandsoonfivebigaspectsfirelawsandregulations,andinpracticalunderstandingpresentcountryrelatedstandardandstandardpositiveword:Must,besupposed,tobesuitable,mayandthereversesideword:Strictlyprohibits,shouldnot,nothave,nottobesuitablethemeaning.2nd,mustaimathighlevelcivilbuildingfunction,useandtheprotectionobjectfireprotectionrank,earnestlycarriesoutthepresentnationalrelatedstandardandthestandard,earnestlytreatsthepublicsecurityfirepreventionsurveillancedepartmenttheexaminationandapprovalopinion.Second,fireauto-alarmsystemequipmentestablishmentFiredetectorestablishmentOpenswideeitherthesealorthestairhallshouldalonedividethesearchcoverage,andeach23establishafiredetector.Thefirstroom(includingguardsagainstinfrontofsmokestairhallinfrontofroom,fireelevatorroom,fireelevatorwithguardsagainstthefrontroomwhichsmokestairhallcomesinhandy)andtheaisleshoulddistinguishalonetodividethesearchcoverage,speciallyfronttheroomandtheliftwell,thescatteredstairhallandtheaisleareinterlinked,hastimethefirehazetobeeasiertogatherortoflow,isthepersonneldisperseswhichsavesgoalwiththefireprevention,thereforeshouldinstallthefiredetector.Regardingcommonelevatorinfrontofroomalthoughisnotthepersonneldisperses,butthisfrontroomandtheliftwellareinterlinked,hastimethefirehazetobealsoeasytogatherortoflow,suitablyalonedividesthesearchcoverageandinstallsthefiredetector.Theelectriccableshaftthereforeiseasytoformpullsoutthesmokeinflammationthechannel；Haswhenthefirethefireintensitynoteasilyextendsalongtheelectriccableburns,forthis,thehighlevelcivilconstructiondesignfireprotectionstandardandthecivilconstructionelectricitydesignstandardseparatelyproposesthedetailedspecificstipulationintheconstructionandintheelectricwireorontheelectriccableshaping.Butconsideredimplementsspecificallythedifficultyandthepresentsituation,theelectriccableshaftinstallsthefiredetectorisextremelyessential,andcoordinatestheshaftthefireprotectionseparationrequest,each23oreachlevelinstalls.Theelevatormachineroomshouldinstallthefiredetector,itselevatoristheimportantverticaltransportationvehicle；Itstwoelevatormachineroomhashasthefirerisk；Itsthreeliftwellexistenceessentialopensthehole,likethelevelgateopensbetweenthehole,theairvent,thebetweenpermanenceopenstheholewiththeelevatormachineroomorthepulleyandsoon；Itsfourwhenhasthefire,theliftwelloftenbecomesthefireintensityspreadthechannel,iseasytothreatentheelevatormachineroomthefacility.Therefore,theelevatormachineroomestablishesthefiredetectorisnecessary,crownofalsosuitableestablishmentfiredetectorliftwell.2nd,themanualfirereportstothepolicethebuttonestablishment(Includingguardsagainstinfrontofsmokestairhallinviewofvariousfloorsfrontroominfrontofroom,fireelevatorroom,fireelevatorwithguardsagainstwhichsmokestairhalltocomeinhandythefrontroom)ishaswhenthefirethepersonneltodispersewhichsavesgoalwithfireprevention,shouldreporttothepolicethebuttonfirstchoicespotastheestablishmentmanualfire.Inaddition,theroomalsoshouldestablishthemanualfiretothecommonelevatorinfrontoftoreporttothepolicethebutton.Inthepublicactiveplace(includinghall,hall,diningroom,multipurposehallandsoon)andthemainthoroughfareandsoonplace,thepersonnelveryisallcentralized,andmainlydispersesthechannel.Thereforeshouldreporttothepolicethebuttoninthesepublicactiveplacesmainaccessestablishmentmanualfires；Themanualfireestablisheswhichinthemainthoroughfarereportstothepolicethebuttontoguaranteetoamanualfirewhichmostisclosetoreportstothepolicethebuttondistancefromafireprotectiondistrictanypositionnottobesupposedtobebiggerthan30meters.3rd,thefireemergencybroadcaststhespeakertheestablishmentTheaisle,thehall,thediningroomandsoonthepublicplacepersonnelveryareallcentralized,andmainlydispersesthechannel.Thereforeshouldpressinthesepublicplacestoarecentspeakerdistanceisnotbiggerthan25metersfromafireprotectiondistrictanyspotandintheaislelastshouldnotbebiggerthan12.5metersthespeakertotheaisleterminaldistancetheestablishmentfireemergencytobroadcastthespeaker；Nextalsoshouldestablishthefireinthepublicbathroomplaceemergencytobroadcastthespeaker.Thefirstroom(includingguardsagainstinfrontofsmokestairhallinfrontofroom,fireelevatorroom,fireelevatorwithguardsagainstwhichsmokestairhalltocomeinhandythefrontroom)ishaswhenthefirethepersonneltodispersewhichsavesgoalwithfireprevention,alsohasthefiredoorseparationandthesoundsofpeopleisconfusedandnoisy,thereforeshouldestablishthefireemergencytobroadcastthespeaker.Infrontofthecommonelevatortheroomalsoshouldestablishthefireemergencytobroadcastthespeaker.Dispersesthestairhallalsoishaswhenthefirethepersonneltodispersewhichsavesgoalwiththefireprevention,alsothesoundsofpeopleareconfusedandnoisy,thereforeshouldestablishthefireemergencytobroadcastthespeaker,byfavorsthefireemergencybroadcasttodispersetheinstruction.4th,firealarminstallmentestablishmentTheestablishmentfireemergencybroadcastfireauto-alarmsystem,theauthorthoughtalsoshouldinstallthefirealarminstallment,butitscontrolprocedureshouldbe:Thealarmapparatusshouldconfirmafterthefire,usesmanualortheautomaticcontrolmodeunificationtothefirecorrelationregiontransmissionwarning,stopsthealarmapparatusworkinthestipulationtime,therapidlinkagefireemergencybroadcastandbroadcaststothepeopledispersestheinstruction.Thefirealarminstallmentestablishmentposition,theauthorthoughtshouldreporttothepolicethebuttonpositionwiththemanualfiretobesame,itswallsurfaceinstallmentshouldforbeapartfromtheground1.8metershighly5th,firespecialusetelephoneestablishmentInstallsthefirespecialusetelephoneextensiontelephone,shouldbelocatedtheengineroomwhichrelatedalsosomepeopleisondutyfrequentlywiththefirelinkagecontrol(includingfirewaterplant,spareelectricitygenerationengineroom,matchessubstation,mainlyventilateswithairconditioningengineroom,dischargesfumeengineroom,firepreventionelevatormachineroomandother),thefirefightingcontrolsystemoperatestheequipmentplaceorthecontrolroom,thefiredutyofficersobservationroom,thesecuritymanagesspotandsoonpublicroom.Sedanoftheaterboxthefireelevatorandintheordinaryelevatorallshouldsupposethespecialusetelephone,requeststheelevatormachineroomandtheelevatorsedantheaterbox,theelevatormachineroomandthefirecontrolroom,theelevatorsedantheaterboxandthefirecontrolroomandsoonthreecompositionsisreliabletospeaksthecorrespondencetelephonesystem.Usuallyinfirecontrolroom；Theestablishmentelevatormonitoringdemonstrationplate(includingpositionindicator,directionindicatinglamp,tospeakscorrespondencetelephone,troublelampandsoon),inordertocarriesonthenecessitytotheelevatorrunningstatuswhichinthesurveillanceandtheemergencycasecontrols.Isequippedwiththemanualfiretoreporttothepolicepositionandsoonbutton,firehydrantbuttonalsoshouldinstallthefirespecialusetelephonereceptacle.Third,firelinkagecontrol1st,thefirelinkagecontrolshouldincludethecontrolfirepumptoopen,tostop,alsoshoulddemonstrateopenspumpsthebuttonthepositionandthefirepumpworkandthemalfunction.Whenthefirehydrantisequippedwiththefirehydrantbutton,itselectricinstallationworkspotalsoshoulddemonstratethefirepumptheworkingmodeactivestatus(namelyestablishmentfirepumpworkindicatinglamp).2nd,thefirelinkagecontrolshouldincludethecontrolsprayingofwaterandthewateratomizationfirefightingsystemopens,stops,alsoshoulddemonstratethefirepumptheworkandthemalfunctionandthefluentdisplay,reportstothepolicethevalve,thesafetysignalvalveworkingmodeactivestatus.Inaddition,tothebasin,thewatertankwaterlevelalsoshouldcarryonthedemonstrationmonitor；Inordertopreventtheoverhaulsignalvalveisshutdown,theauthorthoughtshouldusethebeltelectricsignalthecontrolsignalvalvebytodemonstrateitopensthecondition.3rd,thefirelinkagecontrolothercontrolsandthedemonstrationfunction,shouldcarryoutthepresentnationalrelatedstandardandthestandardspecificstipulation.Fourth,fireauto-alarmsystemwiringInordertopreventthefireoccurswhenthefirecontrol,thecorrespondenceandthewarninglineseverance,causesthefirefightingworktobeunabletocarryon,createsthebiggereconomicloss；Alsoforthesuppressioninterference(forexampletransformer,electricmotor,electriccableandsoon)theinfluencewhichproducestothefireauto-alarmsystem.Thefireauto-alarmsystemtransmissionlineandthefirecontrol,thecorrespondenceandthewarninglineshouldusethebeingflame-resistantelectriccable,andshouldusethemetaltubeortheenclosedmetaltrunkingprotection.Thefiremanualpositivegoverninginstallmentlineshouldusethefireproofelectriccable,itselectriccablealsoshouldusethemetaltubeortheenclosedmetaltrunkingprotection.UsesMing,shouldtakesthefireprotectionprotectivemeasuresonthemetaltubeortheenclosedmetaltrunking.Fifth,concludingremarkTheauthorrestsontheconcreteprojecttoimplementtheexperience,elaboratedthedesignbasis,fireauto-alarmdesignactualproblemandsoonsystemequipmentestablishment,firelinkagecontrolanditswiringpullsoutsomeshallowopinions,itsgoalisenhancesthefireauto-alarmsystemthedesignquality,discoveredearlyandthenotificationfire,preventedandreducesthefiretoharm,byprotectsthepersonandthepropertysafety.UltrasonicCleaningUltrasoniccleaningisagoodfitforawiderangeofapplications,fromremovingswarfandgrindingandpolishingresiduetotreatingpartscoveredinoil,grease,orlayersofpaint.Ultrasonicscanbeusedtocleanminiaturewatchpartsortosupporttheoverhaulofjumbojetengines.Andfromanindustryperspective,thefieldsofelectrotechnics,precisionmechanicsandlightengineering,optics,metalprocessing,andmedicalequipmenthaveprovenparticularlyreceptivetotheultrasonicconcept.Sotheimpactofultrasoniccleaningisclearlyrecognizable.Buttotrulyunderstandthevalueofultrasonics,onemustunderstandhowultrasoniccleanersreallywork.UltrasonicCleaningExplainedThecleansingeffectofultrasoundistheproductofaphenomenoncalledcavitation.Billionsofminutegasbubblesimplode,causingshockwavesthatunderminedirtandblastitoffapartssurface.Oneofthekeyadvantagesofthisprocessisthatitallowsuserstocleanpartsurfacesthatarecompletelyinaccessibletoamanualcleaningprocess.Ultrasoundfrequenciesgenerallyrangebetween20kilohertzand50kilohertz,dependingonapplicationrequirements.Ultrasoniccleaningistypicallyperformedattemperaturesbetween122Fand176F.Inanultrasoniccleaningsystem,cavitationisproducedbyintroducingsoundwavesintoacleaningliquidbymeansofaseriesoftransducersmountedtoacleaningtank.Thesoundtravelsthroughoutthetankandcreateswavesofcompressionandexpansionintheliquid.Inthecompressionwave,themoleculesofthecleaningliquidarecompressedtogethertightly.Conversely,intheexpansionwave,themoleculesarepulledapartrapidly.Theexpansionissodramaticthatthemoleculesarerippedapart,creatingmicroscopicbubbles.Thebubblescontainapartialvacuum.Asthepressurearoundthebubblesbecomesgreater,surroundingfluidrushesinandcollapsesthebubble.Whenthisoccurs,ajetofliquidiscreated,resultingintemperaturesashighas9,032F(roughlythetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun).Theextremetemperature,combinedwiththeli