毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 plc相关 plc的发展 中英文对照

PLCDEVELOPMENT1、PLCOVERVIEWPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERISTHEFIRSTINTHELATE1960SINTHEUNITEDSTATES,THENCALLEDPLCPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERISUSEDTOREPLACERELAYSFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHELOGICALJUDGMENT,TIMING,SEQUENCENUMBER,ANDOTHERCONTROLFUNCTIONSTHECONCEPTISPRESENTEDPLCGENERALMOTORSCORPORATIONPLCANDTHEBASICDESIGNISTHECOMPUTERFUNCTIONALIMPROVEMENTS,FLEXIBLE,GENERICANDOTHERADVANTAGESANDRELAYCONTROLSYSTEMSIMPLEANDEASYTOOPERATE,SUCHASTHEADVANTAGESOFCHEAPPRICESCOMBINEDCONTROLLERHARDWAREISSTANDARDANDOVERALLACCORDINGTOTHEPRACTICALAPPLICATIONOFTARGETSOFTWAREINORDERTOCONTROLTHECONTENTOFTHEUSERPROCEDURESMEMORYCONTROLLER,THECONTROLLERANDCONNECTINGTHEACCUSEDCONVENIENTTARGETINTHEMID1970S,THEPLCHASBEENWIDELYUSEDASACENTRALPROCESSINGUNITMICROPROCESSOR,IMPORTEXPORTMODULEANDTHEEXTERNALCIRCUITSAREUSED,LARGESCALEINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSEVENWHENTHEPLCISNOLONGERTHEONLYLOGICALICJUDGMENTFUNCTIONSALSOHAVEDATAPROCESSING,PIDCONDITIONINGANDDATACOMMUNICATIONSFUNCTIONSINTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONIECSTANDARDSPROMULGATEDPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERFORPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERDRAFTMADETHEFOLLOWINGDEFINITIONPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERISADIGITALELECTRONICCOMPUTERSOPERATINGSYSTEM,SPECIFICALLYFORAPPLICATIONSINTHEINDUSTRIALDESIGNENVIRONMENTITUSEDPROGRAMMABLEMEMORY,USEDTOIMPLEMENTLOGICINTHEIRINTERNALSTORAGEOPERATIONS,SEQUENCECONTROL,TIMING,COUNTINGANDARITHMETICOPERATIONS,SUCHASOPERATINGINSTRUCTIONS,ANDTHROUGHDIGITALANDANALOGINPUTANDOUTPUT,THECONTROLOFVARIOUSTYPESOFMACHINERYORPRODUCTIONPROCESSESPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERANDRELATEDPERIPHERALS,ANDINDUSTRIALCONTROLSYSTEMSEASILYLINKEDTOFORMAWHOLE,TOEXPANDITSFUNCTIONALDESIGNPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERFORTHEUSER,ISNONCONTACTEQUIPMENT,THEPROCEDURESCANBECHANGEDTOCHANGEPRODUCTIONPROCESSESTHEPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERHASBECOMEAPOWERFULTOOLFORFACTORYAUTOMATION,WIDELYPOPULARREPLICATIONPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERISUSERORIENTEDINDUSTRIESDEDICATEDCONTROLCOMPUTER,WITHMANYDISTINCTIVEFEATURESFIRST,HIGHRELIABILITY,ANTIINTERFERENCECAPABILITYSECOND，PROGRAMMINGVISUAL,SIMPLETHIRD,ADAPTABILITYGOODFOURTH,FUNCTIONALIMPROVEMENTS,STRONGFUNCTIONALINTERFACE2、HISTORYOFPLCPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERSPLC,ACOMPUTINGDEVICEINVENTEDBYRICHARDEMORLEYIN1968,HAVEBEENWIDELYUSEDININDUSTRYINCLUDINGMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMS,TRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMS,CHEMICALPROCESSFACILITIES,ANDMANYOTHERSATTHATTIME,THEPLCREPLACEDTHEHARDWIREDLOGICWITHSOFTWIREDLOGICORSOCALLEDRELAYLADDERLOGICRLL,APROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEVISUALLYRESEMBLINGTHEHARDWIREDLOGIC,ANDREDUCEDTHEREBYTHECONFIGURATIONTIMEFROM6MONTHSDOWNTO6DAYSMOODYANDMORLEY,1999ALTHOUGHPCBASEDCONTROLHASSTARTEDTOCOMEINTOPLACE,PLCBASEDCONTROLWILLREMAINTHETECHNIQUETOWHICHTHEMAJORITYOFINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSWILLADHEREDUETOITSHIGHERPERFORMANCE,LOWERPRICE,ANDSUPERIORRELIABILITYINHARSHENVIRONMENTSMOREOVER,ACCORDINGTOASTUDYONTHEPLCMARKETOFFROSTANDSULLIVAN1995,ANINCREASEOFTHEANNUALSALESVOLUMETO15MILLIONPLCSPERYEARWITHTHEHARDWAREVALUEOFMORETHAN8BILLIONUSDOLLARSHASBEENPREDICTED,THOUGHTHEPRICESOFCOMPUTINGHARDWAREISSTEADILYDROPPINGTHEINVENTOROFTHEPLC,RICHARDEMORLEY,FAIRLYCONSIDERSTHEPLCMARKETASA5BILLIONINDUSTRYATTHEPRESENTTIMETHOUGHPLCSAREWIDELYUSEDININDUSTRIALPRACTICE,THEPROGRAMMINGOFPLCBASEDCONTROLSYSTEMSISSTILLVERYMUCHRELYINGONTRIALANDERRORALIKESOFTWAREENGINEERING,PLCSOFTWAREDESIGNISFACINGTHESOFTWAREDILEMMAORCRISISINASIMILARWAYMORLEYHIMSELFEMPHASIZEDTHISASPECTMOSTFORCEFULLYBYINDICATINGIFHOUSESWEREBUILTLIKESOFTWAREPROJECTS,ASINGLEWOODPECKERCOULDDESTROYCIVILIZATION”PARTICULARLY,PRACTICALPROBLEMSINPLCPROGRAMMINGARETOELIMINATESOFTWAREBUGSANDTOREDUCETHEMAINTENANCECOSTSOFOLDLADDERLOGICPROGRAMSTHOUGHTHEHARDWARECOSTSOFPLCSAREDROPPINGCONTINUOUSLY,REDUCINGTHESCANTIMEOFTHELADDERLOGICISSTILLANISSUEININDUSTRYSOTHATLOWCOSTPLCSCANBEUSEDINGENERAL,THEPRODUCTIVITYINGENERATINGPLCISFARBEHINDCOMPAREDTOOTHERDOMAINS,FORINSTANCE,VLSIDESIGN,WHEREEFFICIENTCOMPUTERAIDEDDESIGNTOOLSAREINPRACTICEEXISTENTSOFTWAREENGINEERINGMETHODOLOGIESARENOTNECESSARILYAPPLICABLETOTHEPLCBASEDSOFTWAREDESIGNBECAUSEPLCPROGRAMMINGREQUIRESASIMULTANEOUSCONSIDERATIONOFHARDWAREANDSOFTWARETHESOFTWAREDESIGNBECOMES,THEREBY,MOREANDMORETHEMAJORCOSTDRIVERINMANYINDUSTRIALDESIGNPROJECTS,MORETHANOFTHEMANPOWERALLOCATEDFORTHECONTROLSYSTEMDESIGNANDINSTALLATIONISSCHEDULEDFORTESTINGANDDEBUGGINGPLCPROGRAMSINADDITION,CURRENTPLCBASEDCONTROLSYSTEMSARENOTPROPERLYDESIGNEDTOSUPPORTTHEGROWINGDEMANDFORFLEXIBILITYANDRECONFIGURABILITYOFMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMSAFURTHERPROBLEM,IMPELLINGTHENEEDFORASYSTEMATICDESIGNMETHODOLOGY,ISTHEINCREASINGSOFTWARECOMPLEXITYINLARGESCALEPROJECTSTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISTHESISISTODEVELOPASYSTEMATICSOFTWAREDESIGNMETHODOLOGYFORPLCOPERATEDAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSTHEDESIGNMETHODOLOGYINVOLVESHIGHLEVELDESCRIPTIONBASEDONSTATETRANSITIONMODELSTHATTREATAUTOMATIONCONTROLSYSTEMSASDISCRETEEVENTSYSTEMS,ASTEPWISEDESIGNPROCESS,ANDSETOFDESIGNRULESPROVIDINGGUIDANCEANDMEASUREMENTSTOACHIEVEASUCCESSFULDESIGNTHETANGIBLEOUTCOMEOFTHISRESEARCHISTOFINDAWAYTOREDUCETHEUNCERTAINTYINMANAGINGTHECONTROLSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTPROCESS,THATIS,REDUCINGPROGRAMMINGANDDEBUGGINGTIMEANDTHEIRVARIATION,INCREASINGFLEXIBILITYOFTHEAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS,ANDENABLINGSOFTWAREREUSABILITYTHROUGHMODULARITYTHEGOALISTOOVERCOMESHORTCOMINGSOFCURRENTPROGRAMMINGSTRATEGIESTHATAREBASEDONTHEEXPERIENCEOFTHEINDIVIDUALSOFTWAREDEVELOPER3、NOWOFPLCFROMTHESTRUCTUREISDIVIDEDINTOFIXEDPLCANDMODULEPLC,THETWOKINDSOFPLCINCLUDINGCPUBOARD,I/OBOARD,DISPLAYPANEL,MEMORYBLOCK,POWER,THESEELEMENTSINTOADONOTREMOVEOVERALLMODULETYPEPLCINCLUDINGCPUMODULE,I/OMODULES,MEMORY,THEPOWERMODULES,BOTTOMORAFRAME,THESEMODULESCANBEACCORDINGTOCERTAINRULESCOMBINATIONCONFIGURATIONINTHEUSERVIEW,ADETAILEDANALYSISOFTHECPUSINTERNALUNNECESSARY,BUTWORKINGMECHANISMOFEVERYPARTOFTHECIRCUITTHECPUCONTROLWORKS,BYITREADSCPUINSTRUCTION,INTERPRETSTHEINSTRUCTIONANDEXECUTESINSTRUCTIONSBUTTHEPACEOFWORKBYSHOCKSIGNALCONTROLUNITWORKUNDERTHECONTROLLERCOMMANDUSEDINADIGITALORLOGICOPERATIONSINCOMPUTINGANDSTORAGEREGISTEROFCOMPUTATIONRESULT,ITISALSOAMONGTHECONTROLLERCOMMANDANDWORKCPUSPEEDANDMEMORYCAPACITYISTHEIMPORTANTPARAMETERSOFPLCITSDETERMINESTHEPLCSPEEDOFWORK,IOPLCNUMBERANDSOFTWARECAPACITY,SOLIMITSTOCONTROLSIZECENTRALPROCESSINGUNITCPUISTHEBRAINOFAPLCCONTROLLERCPUITSELFISUSUALLYONEOFTHEMICROCONTROLLERSAFORETIMETHESEWERE8BITMICROCONTROLLERSSUCHAS8051,ANDNOWTHESEARE16AND32BITMICROCONTROLLERSUNSPOKENRULEISTHATYOULLFINDMOSTLYHITACHIANDFUJICUMICROCONTROLLERSINPLCCONTROLLERSBYJAPANESEMAKERS,SIEMENSINEUROPEANCONTROLLERS,ANDMOTOROLAMICROCONTROLLERSINAMERICANONESCPUALSOTAKESCAREOFCOMMUNICATION,INTERCONNECTEDNESSAMONGOTHERPARTSOFPLCCONTROLLERS,PROGRAMEXECUTION,MEMORYOPERATION,OVERSEEINGINPUTANDSETTINGUPOFANOUTPUTSYSTEMMEMORYTODAYMOSTLYIMPLEMENTEDINFLASHTECHNOLOGYISUSEDBYAPLCFORAPROCESSCONTROLSYSTEMASIDEFORMTHISOPERATINGSYSTEMITALSOCONTAINSAUSERPROGRAMTRANSLATEDFORMALADDERDIAGRAMTOABINARYFORMFLASHMEMORYCONTENTSCANBECHANGEDONLYINCASEWHEREUSERPROGRAMISBEINGCHANGEDPLCCONTROLLERSWEREUSEDEARLIERINSTEADOFPLASHMEMORYANDHAVEHADEPROMMEMORYINSTEADOFFLASHMEMORYWHICHHADTOBEERASEDWITHUVLAMPANDPROGRAMMEDONPROGRAMMERSWITHTHEUSEOFFLASHTECHNOLOGYTHISPROCESSWASGREATLYSHORTENEDREPROGRAMMINGAPROGRAMMEMORYISDONETHROUGHASERIALCABLEINAPROGRAMFORAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTUSERMEMORYISDIVIDEDINTOBLOCKSHAVINGSPECIALFUNCTIONSSOMEPARTSOFAMEMORYAREUSEDFORSTORINGINPUTANDOUTPUTSTATUSTHEREALSTATUSOFANINPUTISSTOREDEITHERAS“1”ORAS“0”INASPECIFICMEMORYBIT/EACHINPUTOROUTPUTHASONECORRESPONDINGBITINMEMORYOTHERPARTSOFMEMORYAREUSEDTOSTOREVARIABLECONTENTSFORVARIABLESUSEDINUSEDPROGRAMFOREXAMPLE,TIMEVALUE,ORCOUNTERVALUEWOULDBESTOREDINTHISPARTOFTHEMEMORYPLCCONTROLLERCANBEREPROGRAMMEDTHROUGHACOMPUTERUSUALWAY,BUTALSOTHROUGHMANUALPROGRAMMERSCONSOLESTHISPRACTICALLYMEANSTHATEACHPLCCONTROLLERCANPROGRAMMEDTHROUGHACOMPUTERIFYOUHAVETHESOFTWARENEEDEDFORPROGRAMMINGTODAYSTRANSMISSIONCOMPUTERSAREIDEALFORREPROGRAMMINGAPLCCONTROLLERINFACTORYITSELFTHISISOFGREATIMPORTANCETOINDUSTRYONCETHESYSTEMISCORRECTED,ITISALSOIMPORTANTTOREADTHERIGHTPROGRAMINTOAPLCAGAINITISALSOGOODTOCHECKFROMTIMETOTIMEWHETHERPROGRAMINAPLCHASNOTCHANGEDTHISHELPSTOAVOIDHAZARDOUSSITUATIONSINFACTORYROOMSSOMEAUTOMAKERSHAVEESTABLISHEDCOMMUNICATIONNETWORKSWHICHREGULARLYCHECKPROGRAMSINPLCCONTROLLERSTOENSUREEXECUTIONONLYOFGOODPROGRAMSALMOSTEVERYPROGRAMFORPROGRAMMINGAPLCCONTROLLERPOSSESSESVARIOUSUSEFULOPTIONSSUCHASFORCEDSWITCHINGONANDOFFOFTHESYSTEMINPUT/OUTPUTSI/OLINES,PROGRAMFOLLOWUPINREALTIMEASWELLASDOCUMENTINGADIAGRAMTHISDOCUMENTINGISNECESSARYTOUNDERSTANDANDDEFINEFAILURESANDMALFUNCTIONSPROGRAMMERCANADDREMARKS,NAMESOFINPUTOROUTPUTDEVICES,ANDCOMMENTSTHATCANBEUSEFULWHENFINDINGERRORS,ORWITHSYSTEMMAINTENANCEADDINGCOMMENTSANDREMARKSENABLESANYTECHNICIANANDNOTJUSTAPERSONWHODEVELOPEDTHESYSTEMTOUNDERSTANDALADDERDIAGRAMRIGHTAWAYCOMMENTSANDREMARKSCANEVENQUOTEPRECISELYPARTNUMBERSIFREPLACEMENTSWOULDBENEEDEDTHISWOULDSPEEDUPAREPAIROFANYPROBLEMSTHATCOMEUPDUETOBADPARTSTHEOLDWAYWASSUCHTHATAPERSONWHODEVELOPEDASYSTEMHADPROTECTIONONTHEPROGRAM,SONOBODYASIDEFROMTHISPERSONCOULDUNDERSTANDHOWITWASDONECORRECTLYDOCUMENTEDLADDERDIAGRAMALLOWSANYTECHNICIANTOUNDERSTANDTHOROUGHLYHOWSYSTEMFUNCTIONSELECTRICALSUPPLYISUSEDINBRINGINGELECTRICALENERGYTOCENTRALPROCESSINGUNITMOSTPLCCONTROLLERSWORKEITHERAT24VDCOR220VACONSOMEPLCCONTROLLERSYOULLFINDELECTRICALSUPPLYASASEPARATEMODULETHOSEAREUSUALLYBIGGERPLCCONTROLLERS,WHILESMALLANDMEDIUMSERIESALREADYCONTAINTHESUPPLYMODULEUSERHASTODETERMINEHOWMUCHCURRENTTOTAKEFROMI/OMODULETOENSURETHATELECTRICALSUPPLYPROVIDESAPPROPRIATEAMOUNTOFCURRENTDIFFERENTTYPESOFMODULESUSEDIFFERENTAMOUNTSOFELECTRICALCURRENTTHISELECTRICALSUPPLYISUSUALLYNOTUSEDTOSTARTEXTERNALINPUTOROUTPUTUSERHASTOPROVIDESEPARATESUPPLIESINSTARTINGPLCCONTROLLERINPUTSBECAUSETHENYOUCANENSURESOCALLED“PURE”SUPPLYFORTHEPLCCONTROLLERWITHPURESUPPLYWEMEANSUPPLYWHEREINDUSTRIALENVIRONMENTCANNOTAFFECTITDAMAGINGLYSOMEOFTHESMALLERPLCCONTROLLERSSUPPLYTHEIRINPUTSWITHVOLTAGEFROMASMALLSUPPLYSOURCEALREADYINCORPORATEDINTOAPLC4、PLCDESIGNCRITERIAASYSTEMATICAPPROACHTODESIGNINGPLCSOFTWARECANOVERCOMEDEFICIENCIESINTHETRADITIONALWAYOFPROGRAMMINGMANUFACTURINGCONTROLSYSTEMS,ANDCANHAVEWIDERAMIFICATIONSINSEVERALINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSAUTOMATIONCONTROLSYSTEMSAREMODELEDBYFORMALLANGUAGESOR,EQUIVALENTLY,BYSTATEMACHINESFORMALREPRESENTATIONSPROVIDEAHIGHLEVELDESCRIPTIONOFTHEBEHAVIOROFTHESYSTEMTOBECONTROLLEDSTATEMACHINESCANBEANALYTICALLYEVALUATEDASTOWHETHERORNOTTHEYMEETTHEDESIREDGOALSSECONDLY,ASTATEMACHINEDESCRIPTIONPROVIDESASTRUCTUREDREPRESENTATIONTOCONVEYTHELOGICALREQUIREMENTSANDCONSTRAINTSSUCHASDETAILEDSAFETYRULESTHIRDLY,WELLDEFINEDCONTROLSYSTEMSDESIGNOUTCOMESARECONDUCIVETOAUTOMATICCODEGENERATIONANABILITYTOPRODUCECONTROLSOFTWAREEXECUTABLEONCOMMERCIALDISTINCTLOGICCONTROLLERSCANREDUCEPROGRAMMINGLEADTIMEANDLABORCOSTINPARTICULAR,THETHESISISRELEVANTWITHRESPECTTOTHEFOLLOWINGASPECTSINMODERNMANUFACTURING,SYSTEMSARECHARACTERIZEDBYPRODUCTANDPROCESSINNOVATION,BECOMECUSTOMERDRIVENANDTHUSHAVETORESPONDQUICKLYTOCHANGINGSYSTEMREQUIREMENTSAMAJORCHALLENGEISTHEREFORETOPROVIDEENABLINGTECHNOLOGIESTHATCANECONOMICALLYRECONFIGUREAUTOMATIONCONTROLSYSTEMSINRESPONSETOCHANGINGNEEDSANDNEWOPPORTUNITIESDESIGNANDOPERATIONALKNOWLEDGECANBEREUSEDINREALTIME,THEREFORE,GIVINGASIGNIFICANTCOMPETITIVEEDGEININDUSTRIALPRACTICESTUDIESHAVESHOWNTHATPROGRAMMINGMETHODOLOGIESINAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSHAVENOTBEENABLETOMATCHRAPIDINCREASEINUSEOFCOMPUTINGRESOURCESFORINSTANCE,THEPROGRAMMINGOFPLCSSTILLRELIESONACONVENTIONALPROGRAMMINGSTYLEWITHLADDERLOGICDIAGRAMSASARESULT,THEDELAYSANDRESOURCESINPROGRAMMINGAREAMAJORSTUMBLINGSTONEFORTHEPROGRESSOFMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYTESTINGANDDEBUGGINGMAYCONSUMEOVER50OFTHEMANPOWERALLOCATEDFORTHEPLCPROGRAMDESIGNSTANDARDSIEC60848,1999IEC611313,1993IEC61499,1998ISO157451,1999HAVEBEENFORMEDTOFIXANDDISSEMINATESTATEOFTHEARTDESIGNMETHODS,BUTTHEYNORMALLYCANNOTPARTICIPATEINADVANCINGTHEKNOWLEDGEOFEFFICIENTPROGRAMANDSYSTEMDESIGNASYSTEMATICAPPROACHWILLINCREASETHELEVELOFDESIGNAUTOMATIONTHROUGHREUSINGEXISTINGSOFTWARECOMPONENTS,ANDWILLPROVIDEMETHODSTOMAKELARGESCALESYSTEMDESIGNMANAGEABLELIKEWISE,ITWILLIMPROVESOFTWAREQUALITYANDRELIABILITYANDWILLBERELEVANTTOSYSTEMSHIGHSECURITYSTANDARDS,ESPECIALLYTHOSEHAVINGHAZARDOUSIMPACTONTHEENVIRONMENTSUCHASAIRPORTCONTROL,ANDPUBLICRAILROADSTHESOFTWAREINDUSTRYISREGARDEDASAPERFORMANCEDESTRUCTORANDCOMPLEXITYGENERATORSTEADILYSHRINKINGHARDWAREPRICESSPOILSTHENEEDFORSOFTWAREPERFORMANCEINTERMSOFCODEOPTIMIZATIONANDEFFICIENCYTHERESULTISTHATMASSIVEANDLESSEFFICIENTSOFTWARECODEONONEHANDOUTPACESTHEGAINSINHARDWAREPERFORMANCEONTHEOTHERHANDSECONDLY,SOFTWAREPROLIFERATESINTOCOMPLEXITYOFUNMANAGEABLEDIMENSIONSSOFTWAREREDESIGNANDMAINTENANCEESSENTIALINMODERNAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSBECOMESNEARLYIMPOSSIBLEPARTICULARLY,PLCPROGRAMSHAVEEVOLVEDFROMACOUPLELINESOFCODE25YEARSAGOTOTHOUSANDSOFLINESOFCODEWITHASIMILARNUMBEROF1/OPOINTSINCREASEDSAFETY,FORINSTANCENEWPOLICIESONFIREPROTECTION,ANDTHEFLEXIBILITYOFMODERNAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSADDCOMPLEXITYTOTHEPROGRAMDESIGNPROCESSCONSEQUENTLY,THELIFECYCLECOSTOFSOFTWAREISAPERMANENTLYGROWINGFRACTIONOFTHETOTALCOST8090OFTHESECOSTSAREGOINGINTOSOFTWAREMAINTENANCE,DEBUGGING,ADAPTATIONANDEXPANSIONTOMEETCHANGINGNEEDSTODAY,THEPRIMARYFOCUSOFMOSTDESIGNRESEARCHISBASEDONMECHANICALORELECTRICALPRODUCTSONEOFTHEBYPRODUCTSOFTHISPROPOSEDRESEARCHISTOENHANCEOURFUNDAMENTALUNDERSTANDINGOFDESIGNTHEORYANDMETHODOLOGYBYEXTENDINGITTOTHEFIELDOFENGINEERINGSYSTEMSDESIGNASYSTEMDESIGNTHEORYFORLARGESCALEANDCOMPLEXSYSTEMISNOTYETFULLYDEVELOPEDPARTICULARLY,THEQUESTIONOFHOWTOSIMPLIFYACOMPLICATEDORCOMPLEXDESIGNTASKHASNOTBEENTACKLEDINASCIENTIFICWAYFURTHERMORE,BUILDINGABRIDGEBETWEENDESIGNTHEORYANDTHELATESTEPISTEMOLOGICALOUTCOMESOFFORMALREPRESENTATIONSINCOMPUTERSCIENCESANDOPERATIONSRESEARCH,SUCHASDISCRETEEVENTSYSTEMMODELING,CANADVANCEFUTUREDEVELOPMENTINENGINEERINGDESIGNFROMALOGICALPERSPECTIVE,PLCSOFTWAREDESIGNISSIMILARTOTHEHARDWAREDESIGNOFINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSMODERNVLSIDESIGNSAREEXTREMELYCOMPLEXWITHSEVERALMILLIONPARTSANDAPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTTIMEOF3YEARSWHITNEY,1996THEDESIGNPROCESSISNORMALLYSEPARATEDINTOACOMPONENTDESIGNANDASYSTEMDESIGNSTAGEATCOMPONENTDESIGNSTAGE,SINGLEFUNCTIONSAREDESIGNEDANDVERIFIEDATSYSTEMDESIGNSTAGE,COMPONENTSAREAGGREGATEDANDTHEWHOLESYSTEMBEHAVIORANDFUNCTIONALITYISTESTEDTHROUGHSIMULATIONINGENERAL,ACOMPLETEVERIFICATIONISIMPOSSIBLEHENCE,ASYSTEMATICAPPROACHASEXEMPLIFIEDFORTHEPLCPROGRAMDESIGNMAYIMPACTTHELOGICALHARDWAREDESIGN5、AK1703ACPFOLLOWINGTHEPRINCIPLEOFOURPRODUCTDEVELOPMENT,AK1703ACPHASHIGHFUNCTIONALITYANDFLEXIBILITY,THROUGHTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFINNOVATIVEANDRELIABLETECHNOLOGIES,ONTHESTABLEBASISOFARELIABLEPRODUCTPLATFORMFORTHIS,THESYSTEMCONCEPTACPAUTOMATION,CONTROLANDPROTECTIONCREATESTHETECHNOLOGICALPRECONDITIONSBALANCEDFUNCTIONALITYPERMITSTHEFLEXIBLECOMBINATIONOFAUTOMATION,TELECONTROLANDCOMMUNICATIONTASKSCOMPLEMENTEDWITHTHESCALABLEPERFORMANCEANDVARIOUSREDUNDANCYCONFIGURATIONS,ANOPTIMALADAPTATIONTOTHERESPECTIVEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEPROCESSISACHIEVEDAK1703ACPISTHUSPERFECTLYSUITABLEFORAUTOMATIONWITHINTEGRATEDTELECONTROLTECHNOLOGYASTELECONTROLSUBSTATIONORCENTRALDEVICEAUTOMATIONUNITWITHAUTONOMOUSFUNCTIONALGROUPSDATANODE,STATIONCONTROLDEVICE,FRONTENDORGATEWAYWITHLOCALORREMOTEPERIPHERALSFORREARPANELINSTALLATIONOR19INCHASSEMBLYBRANCHNEUTRALPRODUCT,THEREFOREVERSATILEFIELDSOFAPPLICATIONANDHIGHPRODUCTSTABILITYVERSATILECOMMUNICATIONEASYENGINEERINGPLUGHAVEHIGHINDUSTRIALAPPLICABILITY,ALLOWINGTHEAMBIENTTEMPERATUREOF60HASSTRONGANTIJAMMINGANDANTIVIBRATIONANDIMPACTRESISTANCE,SOINAHARSHWORKINGENVIRONMENTHASBEENWIDELYAPPLICATIONSIALSOMEANFREEDOMOFCOMMUNICATIONS7300TYPEPLCSAVERYUNIQUEFEATURE,WHICHALLOWSS7300PLCCANDEALOPENLYWITHANYOTHERCOMMUNICATIONSEQUIPMENT,COMMUNICATIONSCONTROLLER,ORPLCS7300TYPECANBEDEFINEDBYTHEUSERSOWNCOMMUNICATIONSPROTOCOLOFTHEAGREEMENTASCII,THEBAUDRATETO15MBIT/SADJUSTABLESOTHATCANGREATLYINCREASETHESCOPEOFCOMMUNICATIONSSOTHATTHECONTROLSYSTEMCONFIGURATIONMOREFLEXIBLEANDCONVENIENTOFANYKINDWITHASERIALINTERFACEPERIPHERALS,SUCHASPRINTERSORBARCODEREADERS,DRIVES,AMODEMMODEM,THETOPPCCONNECTED,ANDSOCANBEUSEDUSERSCANPROGRAMTODEVELOPCOMMUNICATIONPROTOCOLS,THEEXCHANGEOFDATAFOREXAMPLEASCIICHARACTERCODE,RS232INTERFACESWITHTHEEQUIPMENTCANALSOBEUSEDPC/PPICABLELINKINGTHEFREECOMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATIONSWHENTHEPCOFFLINE,UNDERTHECONTROLOFTHENEXTCREW,THEWHOLESYSTEMCANOPERATENORMALLYPCTHATISBYCONTROLCENTRE,MAINLYBYTHEPCANDLASERPRINTERCOMPONENTS,USINGSIMATICWINCCSOFTWAREPLATFORM,THEALLCHINESEINTERFACE,FRIENDLYMANMACHINEDIALOGUEMANAGERSANDOPERATORSCANBEOBSERVEDTHROUGHAPC,SHOWNINTHEVARIOUSKINDSOFINFORMATIONTOUNDERSTANDTHEPRESENTANDPASTTHEICESTORAGEOPERATIONOFTHEAUTOMATICCONTROLSYSTEMANDALLTHEPARAMETERS,ANDTHROUGHTHEMOUSETOPRINTEQUIPMENTMANAGEMENTANDIMPLEMENTATIONTASKSWINCCSOFTWAREINTHEFIELDOFAUTOMATIONCANBEUSEDFORALLTHEOPERATORSCONTROLANDMONITORINGTASKSCANBECONTROLLEDINTHEPROCESSOFTHEEVENTSCLEARLYSHOW,ANDSHOWSTHECURRENTSTATUSANDORDERRECORDS,THERECORDEDDATACANSHOWALLORSELECTSUMMARYFORM,ORMAYBEREQUIREDFOREDITING,PRINTINGANDOUTPUTSTATEMENTSANDTRENDSWINCCABLETOCONTROLTHECRITICALSITUATIONINTHEEARLYSTAGESOFTHEREPORT,ANDTHESIGNALCANBEDISPLAYEDONTHESCREEN,CANALSOUSESOUNDTOBEFELTITSUPPORTEDBYONLINEHELPANDOPERATIONALGUIDELINESTOELIMINATEFAILUREWINCCAWORKSTATIONCANBEDEVOTEDTOTHEPROCESSCONTROLTOTHEPROCESSSOTHATIMPORTANTINFORMATIONNOTISSHIELDEDSOFTWAREASSISTEDOPERATIONSTRATEGYENSURESTHATTHEPROCESSWASNOTILLEGALTOVISITANDTOPROVIDEFORNONINDUSTRIALENVIRONMENTINTHEWRONGOPERATIONWINCCISMICRSOFTWINDOWS98ORWINDOWSNT40OPERATINGSYSTEM,RUNNINGONAPCOBJECTORIENTEDCLASS32BITAPPLICATION,OLETHROUGHTHEWINDOWANDODBCSTANDARDMECHANISM,ASANIDEALPARTNERTOENTERTHECOMMUNICATIONSWORLDWINDOWS,ITCANBEEASILYWINCCTOINTEGRATEACOMPANYWIDEDATAPROCESSINGSYSTEM7、COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONSAREVITALTOANINDIVIDUALAUTOMATIONCELLANDTOTHEAUTOMATEDFACTORYASAWHOLEWEVEHEARDALOTABOUTMAPINTHELASTFEWYEARS,ANDALOTOFCOMPANIESHAVEJUMPEDONTHEBANDWAGONMANY,HOWEVERWEREDISAPPOINTEDWHENAFULLYDEFINEDANDCOMPLETEDMAPSPECIFICATIONDIDNTAPPEARIMMEDIATELYSAYSLARRYKUMARA”RIGHTNOW,MAPISSTILLAMOVINGTARGETFORTHEMANUFACTURERSSPECIFICATIONTHATISNOTFINALPRESENTLY,FOREXAMPLE,PEOPLEAREINTRODUCINGPRODUCTSTOMEETTHEMAP21STANDARDYET21BASEDPRODUCTSWILLBEOBSOLETEWHENTHENEWSTANDARDFORMAP,30ISINTRODUCED”BECAUSEOFTHIS,MANYPLCVENDORSAREHOLDINGOFFONFULLMAPIMPLEMENTATIONSOMRON,FOREXAMPLE,HASANONGOINGMAPCOMPATIBILITYPROGRAM,BUTFRANKNEWBORN,VICEPRESIDENTOFOMRONSINDUSTRIALDIVISION,REPORTSTHATBECAUSEOFTHELACKOFAFIRMDEFINITION,OMRONSPLCSDONTY