2005学年高三理综竞赛辅导讲义(化学三)（the 2005 year high school chemistry contest guidance notes (chemistry three)）

2005学年高三理综竞赛辅导讲义化学三（THE2005YEARHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYCONTESTGUIDANCENOTESCHEMISTRYTHREE）COLLECTEDBYONESELFMISTAKESAREUNAVOIDABLEREFERENCECOMMUNICATIONONLYIFTHEREISANYMISTAKEPLEASECORRECTMETHANKSTHE2005YEARHIGHSCHOOLCHEMISTRYCONTESTGUIDANCENOTESCHEMISTRYTHREECHEMICALREACTIONRATEANDCHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMC1ATACERTAINTEMPERATUREINACLOSEDCONTAINEROFFIXEDVOLUMETHEREVERSIBLEREACTIONOFAG3BG2CGTOEQUILIBRIUMTIMETHESUBSTANCEOFTHEMOLARRATIOOFNANBNC221KEEPCONSTANTTEMPERATURE221MOLARRATIOOFAANDB,THENFILLEDWITHCABALANCEISNOTINEQUILIBRIUMANDMOBILEBNANBNCIS221WHENCREACHESEQUILIBRIUMAGAINTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCINCREASESWHENDREACHESEQUILIBRIUMAGAINTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONRATEINCREASESTHEREVERSEREACTIONRATEDECREASESC2UNDERCERTAINCONDITIONSINAIRTIGHTCONTAINERCANBESAIDTHATTHEREACTIONOFXGAS2YGAS2ZGASACERTAINEQUILIBRIUMISX,Y,ZMOLARRATIOOF122X,Y,THECONCENTRATIONOFZDIDNOTCHANGETHEPRESSUREINTHECONTAINERWILLNOLONGERCHANGETHEUNITTIMETOGENERATENMOLZ2NMOLYISGENERATEDATTHESAMETIMEA,B,C,DDTHEFOLLOWING3OFTHEBALANCEOFCHEMICALANALYSISWHATSWRONGISTHATTHECREACTIONHASREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMSH2OGCOGH2GWHENTHEAMOUNTOFREACTANTISINCREASEDTIMETHEEQUILIBRIUMMUSTMOVETOWARDTHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONTHEN2REACTIONHASREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMG3H2G2NH3GWHENTHECONCENTRATIONOFN2ISINCREASEDBALANCEISPOSITIVEMOVEMENTOFREACTIONDIRECTIONTHECONVERSIONRATEOFN2MUSTBEINCREASEDTHEREACTIONEQUILIBRIUMWHENGASISINVOLVEDWHENTHEREACTORVOLUMEISREDUCEDTHEBALANCEMUSTMOVETOTHEDIRECTIONWITHTHEINCREASEOFGASVOLUMEWHENTHEREACTIONOFGASPARTICIPATIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMFILLINGRAREGASINTOACONSTANTPRESSUREREACTORTHEBALANCEMUSTNOTMOVEABANDTHECOFTHEDANDTHE4D4WHENTHEREACTIONREACHESEQUILIBRIUMTHETEMPERATUREANDPRESSUREOFTPONTHEREACTIONISSHOWNINFIGURETHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFGINEQUILIBRIUMISEXPRESSEDBYORDINATEACCORDINGLY,ITISWRONGTOJUDGETHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTABIFTHEREACTIONISENDOTHERMICREACTIONCIFD,INCREASETHEAMOUNTOFLTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFGDECREASESINEQUILIBRIUMC5ATACERTAINTEMPERATURETHEREACTIONOFH2GI2G2HIGHA1197KC2A2A1197KJD2A2A1197KJA13,ASSHOWNINTHEFOLLOWINGPICTURETHETHREEFLASKSAREFILLEDWITHNO2GASANDPLACEDINTHEBEAKERBEAKERFILLEDWITHTHEFOLLOWINGSUBSTANCES,RESPECTIVELYTHEREISWATER1ADDINGANHYDROUSCACL2NH4CLCRYSTALSWEREADDEDTO32WITHOUTANYOTHERMATERIALFOUND1DARKREDBROWN3THEMIDDLEREDDISHBROWNBECAMESHALLOWERTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISCORRECT1THEADDITIONOFANHYDROUSCACL2ATROOMTEMPERATURE3WITHNH4CLCRYSTALACACL2INWATERSOLUTIONHEATBFLASK1INTHESAMEGASPRESSURECNH4CLINWATERSOLUTIONHEATDFLASK3INTHEINCREASEOFGASPRESSUREC14INACONSTANTCONTAINERFILLEDWITH2MOLAAND1MOLBREACTION2AGBGXCGREACHEDEQUILIBRIUMTHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCISAIFTHEVOLUMEOFTHECONTAINERANDKEEPCONSTANTTEMPERATUREACCORDINGTOTHEAMOUNTOFSTARTINGMATERIAL,AIS06MOL,BIS03MOLCISA14MOLCONTAINERAFTERREACHINGBALANCETHEVOLUMEFRACTIONOFCISSTILLATHENTHEVALUEOFXISACANONLYBE2B,ONLY3C,POSSIBLY2ITCOULDALSOBE3DTHATCANTBEDETERMINEDA2SO2REACTION298KG15KNOWNO2G2SO3GH197KJMOL1ADDING2MOLSO2AND1MOLO2INTOASEALEDCONTAINERATTHESAMETEMPERATUREWHENTHECHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMISRELEASED,THEHEATISA1KJ,AND1MOLSO2AND05MOLO2AREADDEDINTOTHECLOSEDVESSELWITHTHESAMEVOLUMEWHENTHECHEMICALEQUILIBRIUMISRELEASED,THEHEATISA2KJTHEFOLLOWINGISTRUEA2A2A1197KC2A2A1197KJD2A2A1197KJB16INACLOSEDVESSELTHEREACTIONOFAAGBBGKEEPSTHETEMPERATURECONSTANTATEQUILIBRIUMDOUBLETHEVOLUMEOFTHECONTAINERWHENTHENEWBALANCEISREACHEDTHECONCENTRATIONOFBIS60OFTHEORIGINALTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISWRONGABALANCEMOVESINTHEDIRECTIONOFPOSITIVEREACTIONCONVERSIONRATEOFAREDUCEDBMATERIALTHEMASSFRACTIONOFCSUBSTANCEBINCREASEDBYDAP2ITCANBEUSEDTOJUDGE1THEPOSITIVEREACTIONISEXOTHERMICREACTIONOFTHEPOSITIVEREACTIONISANENDOTHERMICREACTIONAB0ARESEARCHTEAMSTUDIEDTHEOTHERCONDITIONSREMAINUNCHANGEDEFFECTOFCHANGINGACERTAINCONDITIONONTHEABOVEREACTIONACCORDINGTOTHEEXPERIMENTALDATAANDMAKETHEFOLLOWINGRELATIONSHIPGRAPHTHEFOLLOWINGISTRUEADIAGRAMISTUDIESTHEEFFECTOFTEMPERATUREONREACTIONANDTHETEMPERATUREOFBISHIGHERFIGUREIBISTHESTUDYOFTHEEFFECTOFDIFFERENTCATALYSTSONTHEREACTIONANDTHECATALYSTEFFICIENCYISHIGHERFIGUREIICISTHESTUDYOFTHEEFFECTOFCATALYSTONTHEREACTIONAMONGTHEM,THECATALYSTWASUSEDFIGUREIIDISTHESTUDYOFTHEEFFECTOFPRESSUREONTHEREACTIONANDTHEPRESSUREISHIGHERA22INACERTAINVOLUMEINACLOSEDCONTAINERJOIN2LXGAND3LYGTHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONSOCCURREDNXG3YG2RGDELTAHQKJ/MOLAFTERBALANCETHECONVERSIONRATESOFXANDYWEREAANDB,RESPECTIVELYKNOWNABD2SO2G24REVERSIBLEREACTIONGO22SO3GFROMTHEBEGINNINGOFTHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONANDTHEBALANCEISREACHEDWHENSO2ANDO2MOLARRATIOOF2TO1IFYOUTAKESOMEMEASURESCAUSESO2ANDO2TOCONSUMESOMEMOREANDONCEAGAINTOACHIEVEBALANCETHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTISCORRECTANEWBALANCESYSTEMTHERATIOOFSO2TOO2IS21THEBEQUILIBRIUMSHIFTSTOWARDTHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONTHEREASONISTHATTHERATEOFPOSITIVEREACTIONINCREASESTHEREVERSEREACTIONRATEDECREASESCOMPARISONBETWEENTHENEWCEQUILIBRIUMSYSTEMANDTHEOLDEQUILIBRIUMSYSTEMTHECONCENTRATIONOFSO3MUSTHAVEINCREASEDDIFTHEMEASURESTAKENAREREDUCEDVOLUMECONTAINERWHILETHECONVERSIONOFSO2ANDO2OLDBALANCERATERATIOIS11B25UNDERCERTAINCONDITIONSTO2MOLSO2AND1MOLO2FILLEDINTOTHECLOSEDCONTAINERAREAOFTHEPISTONTHEFOLLOWINGREACTIONSOCCURRED2SO2GO2G2SO3GTOCHANGETHEBALANCEAFTERTHEFOLLOWINGCONDITIONSSO3GASEQUILIBRIUMCONCENTRATIONDOES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