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SPCE061A32KX16SOUNDCONTROLLER1GENERALDESCRIPTIONTHESPCE061A,A16BITARCHITECTUREPRODUCT,CARRIESTHENEWEST16BITMICROPROCESSOR,NSPPRONOUNCEDASMICRONSP,DEVELOPEDBYSUNPLUSTECHNOLOGYTHISHIGHPROCESSINGSPEEDASSURESTHENSPISCAPABLEOFHANDLINGCOMPLEXDIGITALSIGNALPROCESSESEASILYANDRAPIDLYTHEREFORE,THESPCE061AISAPPLICABLETOTHEAREASOFDIGITALSOUNDPROCESSANDVOICERECOGNITIONTHEOPERATINGVOLTAGEOF30VTHROUGH36VANDSPEEDOF032MHZTHROUGH49152MHZYIELDTHESPCE061ATOBEEASILYUSEDINVARIETIESOFAPPLICATIONSTHEMEMORYCAPACITYINCLUDES32KWORDFLASHMEMORYPLUSA2KWORDWORKINGSRAMOTHERFEATURESINCLUDE32PROGRAMMABLEMULTIFUNCTIONALI/OS,TWO16BITTIMERS/COUNTERS,32768HZREALTIMECLOCK,LOWVOLTAGERESET/DETECTION,EIGHTCHANNELS10BITADCONECHANNELBUILTINMICAMPLIFIERWITHAUTOGAINCONTROLLER,10BITDACOUTPUTANDMANYOTHERSBLOCKDIAGRAM3FEATURES16BITNSPMICROPROCESSORCPUCLOCK032MHZ49152MHZOPERATINGVOLTAGE30V36VPROGRAMFLASHOPERATINGVOLTAGE30V36VIOPORTABOPERATINGVOLTAGE30V55V32KWORDFLASHMEMORY2KWORDWORKINGSRAMSOFTWAREBASEDAUDIOPROCESSINGCRYSTALRESONATORSTANDBYMODECLOCKSTOPMODEFORPOWERSAVINGS,MAX20AVDD36VTWO16BITTIMERS/COUNTERSTWO10BITDACOUTPUTS32GENERALI/OSBITPROGRAMMABLE14INTSOURCESWITHTWOPRIORITYLEVELSKEYWAKEUPFUNCTIONIOA07APPROX190SECSPEECH20KBIT/PERSECWITHSACM_S200PLLFEATUREFORSYSTEMCLOCK32768HZREALTIMECLOCKRTCEIGHTCHANNELS10BITADCONVERTERADCEXTERNALTOPREFERENCEVOLTAGE20VVOLTAGEREGULATOROUTPUT,5MAOFDRIVINGCAPABILITYSERIALINTERFACEI/OSIOBUILTINMICROPHONEAMPLIFIERANDAGCFUNCTIONUARTRECEIVERANDTRANSMITTERFULLDUPLEXLOWVOLTAGERESETANDLOWVOLTAGEDETECTIONWATCHDOGENABLEBONDINGOPTIONICEFUNCTIONFORDEVELOPMENTANDDOWNLOADINTOFLASHMEMORYSECURITYFUNCTIONTOPROTECTCODETOBEREADANDWRITTEN4APPLICATIONFIELDVOICERECOGNITIONPRODUCTSINTELLIGENTINTERACTIVETALKINGTOYSADVANCEDEDUCATIONALTOYSKIDSLEARNINGPRODUCTSKIDSSTORYBOOKGENERALSPEECHSYNTHESIZERLONGDURATIONAUDIOPRODUCTSRECORDING/PLAYBACKPRODUCTSSIGNALDESCRIPTIONS5FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTIONS51CPUTHESPCE061AISEQUIPPEDWITHA16BITNSP,THENEWEST16BITMICROPROCESSORBYSUNPLUSANDPRONOUNCEDASMICRONSPEIGHTREGISTERSAREINVOLVEDINNSPR1R4GENERALPURPOSEREGISTERS,PCPROGRAMCOUNTER,SPSTACKPOINTER,BASEPOINTERBPANDSRSEGMENTREGISTERTHEINTERRUPTSINCLUDETHREEFIQSFASTINTERRUPTREQUESTANDEIGHTIRQSINTERRUPTREQUEST,PLUSONESOFTWAREINTERRUPT,BREAKMOREOVER,AHIGHPERFORMANCEHARDWAREMULTIPLIERWITHTHECAPABILITYOFFIRFILTERISALSOBUILTINTOREDUCETHESOFTWAREMULTIPLICATIONLOADING52MEMORY521SRAMTHEAMOUNTOFSRAMIS2KWORDINCLUDINGSTACK,RANGEDFROM0000THROUGH07FFWITHACCESSSPEEDOFTWOCPUCLOCKCYCLES522FLASHMEMORYFLASHMEMORY00800000FFFFISAHIGHSPEEDMEMORYWITHACCESSSPEEDOFTWOCPUCLOCKCYCLESFLASHERASEANDPROGRAMFUNCTIONSMUSTBEUSEDINIDETOOLS53PLL,CLOCK,POWERMODE531PLLPHASELOCKLOOPTHEPURPOSEOFPLLISTOPROVIDEABASEFREQUENCY32768HZANDTOPUMPTHEFREQUENCYFROM2048MHZTO49152MHZFORSYSTEMCLOCKFOSCTHEDEFAULTPLLFREQUENCYIS24576MHZ5311SYSTEMCLOCKBASICALLY,THESYSTEMCLOCKISPROVIDEDBYPLLANDPROGRAMMEDBYTHEPORT_SYSTEMCLOCKWTODETERMINETHEFREQUENCYOFCLOCKFORSYSTEMTHEDEFAULTSYSTEMCLOCKFOSC24576MHZANDCPUCLOCKISFOSC/8IFNOTSPECIFIEDTHEINITIALCPUCLOCKISFOSC/8AFTERSYSTEMWAKESUPANDTOBEADJUSTEDTODESIREDCPUCLOCKBYPROGRAMMINGTHEPORT_SYSTEMCLOCKWTHISAVOIDSFLASHROMREADINGFAILUREWHENSYSTEMWAKESUP531232768HZRTCTHEREALTIMECLOCKRTCISNORMALLYUSEDINWATCH,CLOCKOROTHERTIMERELATEDPRODUCTSA2HZRTC1/2SECONDFUNCTIONISLOADEDINSPCE061ATHERTCCOUNTSTHETIMINGASWELLASTOWAKECPUUPWHENEVERRTCOCCURSSINCETHERTCISGENERATEDEACH05SECONDS,TIMECANBETRACEDBYTHENUMBERSOFRTCOCCURRENCEINADDITION,SPCE061ASUPPORTS32768HZOSCILLATORINNORMALMODEANDAUTOPOWERSAVINGMODEINNORMALMODE,32768HZOSCALWAYSRUNSATTHEHIGHESTPOWERCONSUMPTIONINAUTOPOWERSAVINGMODE,HOWEVER,ITRUNSINNORMALMODEFORTHEFIRST75SECONDSANDCHANGESBACKTOPOWERSAVINGMODEAUTOMATICALLYTOSAVEPOWERS54STANDBYMODETHESPCE061AALSOOFFERSASTANDBYMODEFORLOWPOWERAPPLICATIONNEEDSTOENTERSTANDBYMODE,THEDESIREDKEYWAKEUPPORTIOA70MUSTBECONFIGUREDTOINPUTFIRSTANDREADTHEPORT_IOA_LATCHRTOLATCHTHEIOASTATEBEFOREENTERINGTHESTANDBYMODEALSOREMEMBERTOENABLETHECORRESPONDINGINTERRUPTSOURCESFORWAKEUPAFTERTHAT,STOPTHECPUCLOCKBYWRITINGTHESTOPCLOCKREGISTERB0B2OFPORT_SYSTEMCLOCKWTOENTERSTANDBYMODEINSUCHMODE,SRAMANDI/OSREMAININTHEPREVIOUSSTATESTILLCPUBEINGAWOKENTHEWAKEUPSOURCESINSPCE061AINCLUDEPORTIOA70ANDIRQ1IRQ6AFTERSPCE061AISAWOKEN,THECPUWILLCONTINUETOEXECUTETHEPROGRAMPROGRAMMERCANALSOENABLEORDISABLETHE32768HZOSCWHENCPUISINSTANDBYMODE55LOWVOLTAGEDETECTIONANDLOWVOLTAGERESET551LOWVOLTAGEDETECTIONLVDTHEREARETWOLVDLEVELSTOBESELECTED29V,AND33VTHESELEVELSCANBEPROGRAMMEDVIAPORT_LVD_CTRLWASANEXAMPLE,SUPPOSELVDISGIVENTO29VWHENTHEVOLTAGEDROPSBELOW29V,THEB15OFPORT_LVD_CTRLISREADASHIGHINSUCHSTATE,PROGRAMCANBEDESIGNEDTOREACTTOTHISCONDITION552LOWVOLTAGERESETINADDITIONTOTHELVD,THESPCE061AHASANOTHERIMPORTANTFUNCTION,LOWVOLTAGERESETLVRWITHTHELVRFUNCTION,ARESETSIGNALISGENERATEDTORESETSYSTEMWHENTHEOPERATINGVOLTAGEDROPSBELOW23VFOR10CONSECUTIVECPUCLOCKCYCLESWITHOUTLVR,THECPUBECOMESUNSTABLEANDMALFUNCTIONSWHENTHEOPERATINGVOLTAGEDROPSBELOW23VTHELVRWILLRESETALLFUNCTIONSTOTHEINITIALOPERATIONALSTABLESTATESWHENTHEVOLTAGEDROPSBELOW23VALVRTIMINGDIAGRAMISGIVENASFOLLOWS56INTERRUPTTHESPCE061AHAS14INTERRUPTSOURCES,GROUPEDINTOTWOTYPES,FIQFASTINTERRUPTREQUESTANDIRQINTERRUPTREQUESTTHEPRIORITYOFFIQISHIGHERTHANIRQFIQISTHEHIGHPRIORITYINTERRUPTWHILEIRQISTHELOWPRIORITYONEANIRQCANBEINTERRUPTEDBYAFIQ,BUTNOTBYANOTHERIRQAFIQCANNOTBEINTERRUPTEDBYANYOTHERINTERRUPTSOURCES57I/OTWOI/OPORTSAREBUILTINSPCE061A,PORTAANDPORTBTHEPORTAISANORDINARYI/OWITHPROGRAMMABLEWAKEUPCAPABILITYINADDITIONTOTHEREGULARIOFUNCTION,THEPORTBCANALSOPERFORMSOMESPECIALFUNCTIONSINCERTAINPINSSUPPOSEOPERATINGVOLTAGEISRUNNINGAT36VVDDANDVDDIOPOWERFORI/OOPERATESFROM36VVDDTO55VINSUCHCONDITION,THEI/OPADISCAPABLEOFOPERATINGFROM0VTHROUGHVDDIOHOWEVERIOB13ANDIOB14ARERECOMMENDEDTOOPERATE36VDURINGSTANDBYMODE,OTHERWISETHESETWOIOSWILLHAVECURRENTLEAKAGETHEFOLLOWINGDIAGRAMISANI/OSCHEMATICALTHOUGHDATACANBEWRITTENINTOTHESAMEREGISTERTHROUGHPORT_DATAANDPORT_BUFFER,THEYCANBEREADFROMDIFFERENTPLACES,BUFFERRANDDATARTHEIOA70ISTHEKEYWAKEUPPORTTOACTIVATEKEYWAKEUPFUNCTION,LATCHDATAONPORT_IOA_LATCHANDENABLETHEKEYWAKEUPFUNCTIONWAKEUPISTRIGGEREDWHENTHEPORTASTATEISDIFFERENTFROMATTHETIMELATCHEDINADDITIONTOANORDINARYI/OPORT,PORTBCARRIESSOMESPECIALFUNCTIONSASUMMARYOFPORTBSPECIALFUNCTIONSISLISTEDASFOLLOWSREFERTOTHEABOVETABLE,THECONFIGURATIONOFIOB2,IOB3,IOB4,ANDIOB5INVOLVESFEEDBACKFUNCTIONINWHICHANOSCFREQUENCYCANBEOBTAINEDFROMEXT1EXT2BYSIMPLYADDINGARCCIRCUITBETWEENIOB2IOB3ANDIOB4IOB558TIMER/COUNTERTHESPCE061APROVIDESTWO16BITTIMERS/COUNTERS,TIMERAANDTIMERBTHETIMERAISCALLEDAUNIVERSALCOUNTERTIMERBISAGENERALPURPOSECOUNTERTHECLOCKSOURCEOFTIMERACOMESFROMTHECOMBINATIONOFCLOCKSOURCEAANDCLOCKSOURCEBINTIMERB,THECLOCKSOURCEISGIVENFROMSOURCECWHENTIMEROVERFLOWS,ANINTSIGNALISSENTTOCPUTOGENERATEATIMEOUTSIGNALINITIALLY,WRITEAVALUEOFNINTOATIMERANDSELECTADESIREDCLOCKSOURCE,TIMERWILLSTARTCOUNTINGFROMN,N1,N2,THROUGHFFFFANINTTIMERA/TIMERBSIGNALISGENERATEDATTHENEXTCLOCKAFTERREACHING“FFFF”ANDTHEINTSIGNALISTRANSMITTEDTOINTCONTROLLERFORFURTHERPROCESSINGATTHESAMETIME,NWILLBERELOADEDINTOTIMERANDSTARTALLOVERAGAINTHECLOCKSOURCEAISAHIGHFREQUENCYSOURCEANDCLOCKSOURCEBISALOWFREQUENCYSOURCETHECOMBINATIONOFCLOCKSOURCEAANDBPROVIDESAVARIETYOFSPEEDSTOTIMERAA“1”REPRESENTSPASSSIGNALANDNOTGATINGINCONTRAST,“0”INDICATESDEACTIVATINGTIMERTHEEXT1ANDEXT2ARETHEEXTERNALCLOCKSOURCESMOREOVER,COUNTERCANGENERATETIMEOUTSIGNALFORINPUTCLOCKSOURCETOAFOURBITS16LEVELSPWMPULSEWIDTHCOUNTERAVARIETYOFCLOCKDURATIONCANBEGENERATEDANDEXPORTEDFROMIOB8APWMOANDIOB9BPWMOTHEFOLLOWINGEXAMPLEISA3/16DURATIONCYCLETHEAPWMOWAVEFORMISMADEBYSELECTINGAPULSEWIDTHTHROUGHPORT_TIMERA_CTRLW96ASARESULT,EACH16CYCLESWILLGENERATEAPULSEWIDTHDEFINEDINCONTROLPORTTHESEPWMSIGNALSCANBEAPPLIEDFORCONTROLLINGTHESPEEDOFMOTOROROTHERDEVICESGENERALLYSPEAKING,THECLOCKSOURCEAANDCAREFASTCLOCKSOURCESANDSOURCEBCOMESFROMRTCSYSTEM32768HZTHEREFORE,CLOCKSOURCEBCANBEUTILIZEDASAPRECISECOUNTERFORTIMECOUNTING,EG,THE2HZCLOCKCANBEUSEDFORREALTIMECOUNTING581TIMEBASETIMEBASE,GENERATEDBY32768HZ,ISACOMBINATIONOFFREQUENCYSELECTIONSTHEOUTPUTSOFTIMEBASEBLOCKARENAMEDTOTMB1ANDTMB2TMB1ISFREQUENCYFORTIMERACLOCKSOURCEBTHETMB1ANDTMB2ARETHESOURCESFORINTERRUPTIRQ6FURTHERMORE,TIMEBASESGENERATESADDITIONAL2HZTO4096HZINTERRUPTSOURCESIRQ4ANDIRQ5FORREALTIMECLOCKRTC59SLEEP,WAKEUPANDWATCHDOG591WAKEUPANDSLEEP1SLEEPAFTERPOWERONRESET,ICSTARTSRUNNINGUNTILASLEEPCOMMANDOCCURSWHENASLEEPCOMMANDISACCEPTED,ICWILLTURNTHESYSTEMCLOCKPLLOFFAFTERALL,ITENTERSSLEEPMODE2WAKEUPCPUWAKINGUPFROMSLEEPMODEREQUIRESAWAKEUPSIGNALTOTURNTHESYSTEMCLOCKPLLONTHEIRQSIGNALMAKESCPUTOCOMPLETETHEWAKEUPPROCESSANDINITIALIZATIONTHEKEYWAKEUPANDINTERRUPTSOURCESIRQ1IRQ6CANBEUSEDFORWAKEUPSOURCES592WATCHDOGTHEPURPOSEOFWATCHDOGISTOMONITORIFTHESYSTEMOPERATESNORMALLYWITHINACERTAINPERIOD,WATCHDOGMUSTBECLEAREDIFWATCHDOGISNOTCLEARED,CPUASSUMESTHEPROGRAMHASBEENRUNNINGINANABNORMALCONDITIONASARESULT,THECPUWILLRESETTHESYSTEMTOTHEINITIALSTATEANDSTARTRUNNINGTHEPROGRAMALLOVERAGAINTHEWATCHDOGFUNCTIONCANBEREMOVEDBYBONDINGOPTIONINSPCE061A,THECLEARPERIODIS075SECONDSIFWATCHDOGISCLEAREDWITHINEACH075SECONDS,THESYSTEMWILLNOTBERESETTOCLEARWATCHDOG,SIMPLYWRITE“XXXXXXXXXXXXXX01B”TOPORT_WATCHDOG_CLEARWTHECONTENTWRITTENTOPORT_WATCHDOG_CLEARWFORWATCHDOGCLEARANCEMUSTBEEXACTLYTHESAMEASTHEONEILLUSTRATEDABOVEXXXXXXXXXXXXXX01BOTHERVALUESGIVENTOTHEPORT_WATCHDOG_CLEARWFORWATCHDOGCLEARANCEMAYENDUPWITHSYSTEMRESETTHEWATCHDOGFUNCTIONREMAINSENABLEDDURINGSTANDBYMODEIFTHE32768HZISTURNEDON510ADCANALOGTODIGITALCONVERTER/DACTHESPCE061AHASEIGHTCHANNELS10BITADCANALOGTODIGITALCONVERTERTHEFUNCTIONOFANADCISTOCONVERTANALOGSIGNALTODIGITALSIGNAL,EGAVOLTAGELEVELINTOADIGITALWORDTHEEIGHTCHANNELSOFADCCANBESEVENCHANNELSOFLINEINFROMIOA60ORONECHANNELMICROPHONEMICINPUTTHROUGHAMPLIFIERANDAGCCONTROLLERTHEMICAMPLIFIERCIRCUITISCAPABLEOFREDUCINGCOMMONMODENOISEBYTRANSMITTINGSIGNALSTHROUGHDIFFERENTIALMICINPUTSMICN,MICPMOREOVER,ANEXTERNALRESISTORCANBEAPPLIEDTOADJUSTMICROPHONEGAINANDTIMEOFAGCOPERATINGTHEADNEEDSTOSELECTSOURCEOFLINEINBEFORECONVERSIONTHEADCISABLETOCHOOSETHEEXTERNALORINTERNALAVDDTOPREFERENCEVOLTAGEIFCONSTANTVOLTAGESOURCEISUNAVAILABLE,SPCE061AOFFERSACONSTANTVOLTAGE20VWITH50MADRIVINGABILITYWITHACAPACITORCONNECTEDTHESPCE061AHASTWO10BITD/AWITH20MAOR30MADRIVINGCURRENTFORAUDIOOUTPUTS,DAC1ANDDAC2511SERIALINTERFACEI/OSIOSERIALINTERFACEI/OOFFERSAONEBITSERIALINTERFACEFORCOMMUNICATIONTHISSERIALINTERFACEISCAPABLEOFTRANSMITTINGORRECEIVINGDATAVIATWOI/OPINS,IOB0SCKANDIOB1SDA512UARTUARTBLOCKPROVIDESAFULLDUPLEXSTANDARDINTERFACETHATFACILITATESTHECOMMUNICATIONWITHOTHERDEVICESWITHTHISINTERFACE,SPCECANTRANSMITANDRECEIVESIMULTANEOUSLYTHEMAXIMUMBAUDRATECANBEUPTO115200BPSTHISFUNCTIONCANBEACCOMPLISHEDBYUSINGPORTBANDINTERRUPTUARTIRQTHERXANDTXOFUARTARESHAREDWITHIOB7ANDIOB10WHENSPCE061ARECEIVESAND/ORTRANSMITSAFRAMEOFDATA,THEB7RXRDYAND/ORB6TXRDYINPORT_UART_COMMAND2RWILLBESETTO“1”ANDTHEUARTIRQISACTIVATEDATTHESAMETIMESPCE061A32KX16语音控制器1总述SPCE061A是继NSP系列产品SPCE500A等之后凌阳科技推出的又一个16位结构的微控制器。与SPCE500A不同的是，在存储器资源方面考虑到用户的较少资源的需求以及便于程序调试等功能，SPCE061A里只内嵌32K字的闪存FLASHROM。较高的处理速度使NSP能够非常容易地、快速地处理复杂的数字信号。因此，与SPCE500A相同，以NSP为核心的SPCE061A微控制器也适用在数字语音识别应用领域。SPCE061A在26V36V电压范围内的工作速度范围为032MHZ49152MHZ，较高的工作速度使其应用领域更加拓宽。2K字SRAM和32K字闪存ROM仅占一页存储空间，32位可编程的多功能I/O端口；两个16位定时器/计数器；32768HZ实时时钟；低电压复位/监测功能；8通道10位模数转换输入功能并具有内置自动增益控制功能的麦克风输入方式；双通道10位DAC方式的音频输出功能。SPCE061A是数字声音和语音识别产品的一种最经济的应用。2性能16位NSP微处理器；工作电压VDD为2636VCPU,VDDH为VDD55VI/O；CPU时钟032MHZ49152MHZ；内置2K字SRAM；内置32K闪存ROM；可编程音频处理；晶体振荡器；系统处于备用状态下时钟处于停止状态，耗电小于2A36V；2个16位可编程定时器/计数器可自动预置初始计数值；2个10位DAC数模转换输出通道；32位通用可编程输入/输出端口；14个中断源可来自定时器A/B，时基，2个外部时钟源输入，键唤醒；具备触键唤醒的功能；使用凌阳音频编码SACM_S240方式24K位/秒，能容纳210秒的语音数据；锁相环PLL振荡器提供系统时钟信号；32768HZ实时时钟；7通道10位电压模数转换器ADC和单通道声音模数转换器声音模数转换器输入通道内置麦克风放大器和自动增益控制AGC功能；具备串行设备接口；低电压复位LVR功能和低电压监测LVD功能；内置在线仿真板ICE，INCIRCUITEMULATOR接口。3结构框图SPCE061A的结构如下图31所示图314应用领域语音识别类产品智能语音交互式玩具高级亦教亦乐类玩具儿童电子故事书类产品通用语音合成器类产品需较长语音持续时间类产品5功能描述51CPUSPCE061A配备了凌阳科技开发的最新的16位微处理器NSP。它内含有8个寄存器4个通用寄存器R1R4，1个程序计数器PC，1个堆栈指针SP，1个基址指针BP和1个段寄存器SR。通用寄存器R3和R4结合形成一个32位寄存器MR，MR可被用作乘法运算和内积运算的目标寄存器。此外，SPCE061A有3个FIQ中断和14个IRQ中断，并且带有一个由指令BREAK控制的软中断。NSP不仅可以进行加、减等基本算术运算和逻辑运算，还可以完成用于数字信号处理的乘法运算和内积运算。52存储器521RAMSPCE061A拥有2K字的SRAM包括堆栈区，其地址范围从000000到0007FF。522闪存（FLASH）ROM全部32K字闪存均可在ICE工作方式下被编程写入或被擦除。对闪存设置保密设定后，其内容将不能再通过ICE被读写，也就可以使程序不被其他人读取。53时钟（锁相环振荡器，系统时钟，实时时钟）531锁相环PLL，PHASELOCKLOOP振荡器PLL的作用是为系统提供一个实时时钟的基频32768HZ，然后将基频进行倍频，调整至49152MHZ、4096MHZ、32768MHZ、24576MHZ或20480MHZ。系统默认的PLL自激振荡频率为24576MHZ。PLL的结构如下图51所示图51532时钟5321系统时钟系统时钟的信号源为PLL振荡器。系统时钟频率FOSC和CPU时钟频率CPUCLK可通过对P_SYSTEMCLOCK写7013H单元编程来控制。默认的FOSC、CPUCLK分别为24576MHZ和FOSC/8。用户可以通过对P_SYSTEMCLOCK单元编程完成对系统时钟和CPU时钟频率的定义。当系统被唤醒后最初时刻的CPUCLK频率亦为FOSC/8，随后逐渐被调整到用户设定的CPUCLK频率。这样，可避免系统在唤醒初始时刻读ROM出现错误。5322实时时钟（32768HZ）32768HZ实时时钟通常用于钟表、实时时钟延时以及其它与时间相关类产品。SPCE061A通过对32768HZ实时时钟源分频而提供了多种实时时钟中断源。例如，用作唤醒源的中断源IRQ5_2HZ，表示系统每隔05秒被唤醒一次，由此可作为精确的计时基准。”除此之外，SPCE061A还支持RTC振荡器强振模式/自动模式的转换。处于强振模式时，RTC振荡器始终运行在高耗能的状态下。处于自动弱振模式时，系统在上电复位后的前75S内处于强振模式，然后自动切换到弱振模式以降低功耗。下图52为SPCE061A与晶体振荡器的连接电路原理图。图5254节电模式SPCE061A可设置节电的备用模式以达到节能的目的。在这种工作模式下，只需很小（小于2A）的备用电流。要进入待命工作模式，首先应将所需的键唤醒口IOA70设为输入端口。在进入待命工作模式前，通过读P_IOA_LATCH单元来激活IOA70口的唤醒功能，或者允许作为唤醒源的中断源中断请求的响应；然后通过写入P_SYSTEMCLOCK单元一个CPUCLKSTOP控制字（CPU睡眠信号），以停止CPUCLK工作，进入睡眠状态。P_SYSTEMCLOCK单元还可用来编程设置在CPU进入睡眠时是禁止/允许32768HZ实时时钟的工作。在待命模式下，RAM和I/O端口的状态都将维持进入睡眠前的各个状态，直到产生唤醒信号。SPCE061A的唤醒源包括键唤醒IOA70端口以及各中断源（IRQ0IRQ6）。当SPCE061A的CPU被唤醒后，会继续执行程序指令。55低电压监测和低电压复位551低电压监测LVD，LOWVOLTAGEDETECT低电压监测功能可以提供系统内电源电压的使用情况。4级电压监测低限24V、28V、32和36V，可通过对P_LVD_CTRL单元编程进行控制。假定VLVD32V，当系统电压VCC低于32V时，P_LVD_CTRL单元的第15位返回值为“1”，这样，CPU可以通过可编程电压监测低限来完成低电压监测。系统默认的电压监测低限为24V。552低电压复位LVR，LOWVOLTAGERESET引起SPCE061A复位通常有2个途径电源上电复位、低电压复位（LVR）。当电源电压低于22V时，系统会变得不稳定且易出故障。导致电源电压过低的原因很多，如电压的反跳、负载过重、电池能量不足。如果系统设置了低电压复位LVR功能，当电源电压低于该值时，会在4个时钟周期之后产生一个复位信号，使系统复位。如下图53图5356中断（INTERRUPT）SPCE061A具有两种中断方式快速中断请求FIQFASTINTERRUPTREQUEST中断和中断请求IRQINTERRUPTREQUEST中断。中断控制器可处理3种FIQ中断和14种IRQ中断，以及一个由指令BREAK控制的软中断。相比之下，FIQ中断的优先级较高而IRQ中断的优先级较低。也就是说，FIQ中断可以中断IRQ中断服务子程序的执行，而CPU执行相应的FIQ中断服务子程序的过程不能被任何中断源的中断请求中断。下表1列出了中断的优先级别表157输入/输出端口（I/O，INPUT/OUTPUT）输入输出端口是系统与其它设备进行数据交换的接口。SPCE061A具有两个可编程输入输出端口A口和B口。A口既是具有可编程唤醒功能的普通I/O口，又可与ADC的多路LINE_IN输入共用IOA60与LINE_IN17共用；B口除了具有普通I/O口的功能外，在特定的管脚上还可以完成一些特殊的功能。I/O端口如下图54所示图54尽管数据能通过数据端口P_IOX_DATA和数据缓冲器端口P_IOX_BUFFER写入相同的数据寄存器，但从这两个端口读出的数据却来自不同的位置；从后者读出的仍是数据寄存器里的数据，而从前者读出的是I/O管脚上的电平状态。IOA70口为键唤醒源，通过读P_IOA_LATCH单元来锁存IOA70端口的电平状态，从而可激活其唤醒功能。当IOA70口的状态和锁存时的状态不一致时，会触发系统由节电的睡眠工作模式切换到唤醒模式。B口除了具有常规的输入/输出端口功能外，还有一些特殊的功能，如下表2所示表2如下图55所示的电路显示了带有反馈应用的IOB2、IOB3、IOB4和IOB5等端口的设置情况。有了反馈功能，只要在IOB2IOB3和IOB4IOB5之间增加一个RC电路就可以从EXT1EXT2得到振荡源频率信号。图5558定时器/计数器（TIMER/COUNTER）SPCE061A提供了两个16位的定时器/计数器TIMERA和TIMERB。TIMERA为通用计数器；TIMERB为多功能计数器。TIMERA的时钟源由时钟源A和时钟源B进行“与”操作而形成；TIMERB的时钟源仅为时钟源A。定时器发生溢出后会产生一个溢出信号TAOUT/TBOUT。一方面，它会作为定时器中断信号传输给CPU中断系统；另一方面，它又会作为4位计数器计数的时钟源信号，输出一个具有4位可调的脉宽调制占空比输出信号APWMO或BPWMO分别从IOB8和IOB9输出，用来控制马达或其它一些设备的速度。此外，定时器溢出信号还可以用于触发ADC输入的自动转换过程和DAC输出的数据锁存。表3向定时器的P_TIMERA_DATA读/写700AH单元或P_TIMERB_DATA读/写700CH单元写入一个计数值N后，选择一个合适的时钟源，定时器/计数器将在所选的时钟频率下开始以递增方式计数N，N1，N2，0XFFFE，0XFFFF。当计数达到0XFFFF后，定时器/计数器溢出，产生中断请求信号，被CPU响应后送入中断控制器进行处理。同时，N值将被重新载入定时器/计数器并重新开始计数。在TIMERA内，时钟源A是一个高频时钟源，时钟源B是一个低频时钟源。时钟源A和时钟源B的组合，为TIMERA提供出多种计数速度。若以CLKA作为门控信号，1表示允许时钟源B信号通过，而0则表示禁止时钟源B信号通过而停止TIMERA的计数。例如，如果时钟源A为“1”，TIMERA时钟频率将取决于时钟