2014高考英语语法专题复习11非谓语动词用法与考点预测精品课件（可编辑）

2014高考英语语法专题复习11非谓语动词用法与考点预测精品课件11谓语动词用法与11谓语动词用法与考点预测考点预测一、非谓语动词用法一、非谓语动词用法1、非谓语动词的种类不定式TODO、动名词DOING、现在分词DOING、过去分词VED2、非谓语动词的功能1不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。2动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。4过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。3、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分成分成分主宾表定状补主宾表定状补动词形式动词形式语语语语语语语语语语语语不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词4、非谓语动词用做定语C1PLEASEGIVEHIMSOMETHINGAEATENBEATINGCTOEATDTOBEEATENC2INEEDAPENAWRITTENBTOWRITECTOWRITEWITHDWRITINGWITHB3THEROOMTHESEAISMYGRANDPASAFACEDBFACINGCTOFACEDFACESD4THEWOMANTHECLOTHESOVERTHEREISMYAUNTAWASHEDBBEINGWASHEDCTOWASHDWASHING5THEBRIDGE,AIN1950,BROKEDOWNINTHEFLOODABUILTBHADBUILTCBUILDINGDTOBEBUILTD6THINGSAREMIGHTER强大的THANTHINGSASEENHEARINGBSEEINGHEARDCTOSEETOHEARDSEENHEARDTRANSLATETHEFOLLOWINGSENTENCES1将要到站的火车是从伦敦来的。THETRAINTOARRIVEISFROMLONDON2今天晚上我还有一些家务要做。IHAVESOMEHOUSEWORKTODOTONIGHT3没有什么值得担心的。THEREISNOTHINGTOWORRYABOUT4通向我家乡的那条路非常的窄。THEROADLEADINGTOMYHOMETOWNISVERYNARROW5在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同桌。THEBOYPLAYINGFOOTBALLONTHEPLAYGROUNDISMYDESKMATE6昨晚被警察抓住的那个小偷被投进了监狱。THETHIEFCAUGHTBYTHEPOLICELASTNIGHTWASPUTINTOPRISONPARETHEPHRASESORSENTENCESBELOW1THERISINGSUNTHERISENSUN2THEMANINVITEDTOTHEPARTYISMYBOSSTHEMANINVITINGMANYGUESTSISMYBOSS3DOYOUWANTTOSEETHEDOCTORWORKINGONTHECASEREPORTINTHEOFFICEDOYOUWANTTOSEETHEDOCTORTOBESENTFORFROMBEIJING4IMGOINGTOBUYSOMEPICTUREBOOKSFORTHECHILDRENTOREADIHAVESOMECLOTHESTOWASHIHAVESOMECLOTHESTOBEWASHED5HERUSHEDINTOTHEBURNINGHOUSETHECHILDSTANDINGOVERTHEREISMYBROTHER6THEPROBLEMBEINGDISCUSSEDNOWHASSOMETHINGIMPORTANTTODOWITHOURDAILYLIFETHEPROBLEMDISCUSSEDYESTERDAYHASSOMETHINGIMPORTANTTODOWITHOURDAILYLIFEPREMIERZHOUISALEADERLOVEDBYTHEPEOPLESUMMARIZETHEUSAGESOFNONFINITEVERBS1位置关系1动词不定式做定语,常放在被修饰词的后面。2分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后,有时可以放在其前面2与被修饰词的关系1不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。2VING与被修饰词是主动关系3过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系3动作发生的时间关系1不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。DOSOMEEXCISESBELOW1SHEWILLTELLUSWHYSHEFEELSSOSTRONGLYTHATEACHOFUSHASABROLEINMAKINGTHEEARTHABETTERPLACETOLIVEATOHAVEPLAYEDBTOPLAYCTOBEPLAYEDDTOBEPLAYING2WHERESHOULDISENDMYFORMTHEPERSONALOFFICEISTHEPLACEBAFORSENDINGITBTOSENDITTOCTOSENDDTOSENDITB3THEREWASANOISETHESUDDENBURSTOFLIGHTAFOLLOWEDBFOLLOWINGCTOBEFOLLOWEDDBEINGFOLLOWEDTRANSLATESOMESENTENCES1由于赢得了奖学金,马丁路德金取得了一次上大学的机会WINNINGASCHOLARSHIP,MARTINLURTHERKINGGOTACHANCETOGOTOCOLLEGE2参观里约热内卢的最好时间是在六月和七月。THEBESTTIMETOVISITRIODEJANEIROISINJUNEANDJULY3在那边弹钢琴的那个人是我们的音乐老师。THEMANPLAYINGTHEPIANOTHEREISOURMUSICTEACHERTHEMANWHOISPLAYINGTHEPIANOTHEREISOURMUSICTEACHER5、非谓语动词用做状语1HEWOKEUPONLYTOFINDHIMSELFLYINGONABEDINAHOSPITAL2为了在期末考试里取得好成绩,你必须努力学习。3THEREISSOMETHINGFOREVERYONEHEREANDFEWVISITORSLEAVERIOFEELINGDISPOINTED4GIVENMOREATTENTION,THETREESWOULDGROWBETTER5做完他的家庭作业,他去打篮球了。6NOTHAVINGRECEIVEDHISREPLY,HEDECIDEDTOWRITEAGAINCOMPARETHEFOLLOWINGSENTENCES1WEAREGLADTOHEARTHENEWS2HISFAMILYWASTOOPOORTOSUPPORTHIM3THEYSTOODBYTHEROADSIDETOTALKABOUTTHEPLAN4THEYSTOODBYTHEROADSIDETALKINGABOUTTHEPLAN5SEEINGFROMTHETOPOFTHEHILL,YOUCANFINDTHECITYMOREBEAUTIFUL6SEENFROMTHETOPOFTHEHIL,THECITYISMOREBEAUTIFUL7WEATHERPERMITTING,WEWILLGOOUTFORAPICNICTOMORROW8TIMEPERMITTING,WEWILLGOTHERESUMMARIZETHEUSAGESOFNONFINITEVERBS结果和原因1动词不定式做状语,可以表示目的、。其做结果后部和原因状语时,常置于句子的做目的状语时常置句首句中于,也可以置于。原因、条件、伴随2分词做状语常置于句首,可以用来表示等。如果状语所表示的动作和主句谓语动作有先后,应该采用完成式。3不定式和分词做状语都与主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。而独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语。状语从句4分词或分词短语做状语可以与相互转换。COMPLETETHEEXCISESBELOWB1THENEWSREPORTERSHURRIEDTOTHEAIRPORT,ONLYTHEFILMSTARSHADLEFTATOTELLBTOBETOLDCTELLINGDTOLDA2CANTYOUREADMARYSAIDTOTHENOTICEAANGRILYPOINTINGBANDPOINTANGRILYCTOPOINTDANDANGRILYPOINTLYTRANSLATETHEFOLLOWINGSENTENCES1为了减肥,她每天只吃一些水果。INORDERTOLOSEWEIGHT,HEJUSTEATSSOMEFRUITSEVERYDAY2因为病了,他没有来上学。BEINGILL,HEDIDNTCOMETOSCHOOL3不知道如何去做这事,我向我的老师寻求帮助。NOTKNOWNINGHOWTOTOIT,IASKEDFORHELPFROMMYTEACHER4被父亲打了一顿,那个小男孩不敢出门。BEATENBYHISFATHER,THEBOYDAREDNOTGOOUT解题方法总结解答考查非谓语动词的题目时,一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能如状语、定语或宾补找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系主动还是被动搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。二、非谓语动词考点预测二、非谓语动词考点预测一非谓语动词考点分析非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点非谓语非谓语主语宾语表语定语宾补状语主语宾语表语定语宾补状语动词动词不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词二考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。1考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。12007江苏卷CANISMOKEHERESORRYWEDONTALLOW_HERE真APEOPLESMOKINGBPEOPLESMOKE题CTOSMOKEDSMOKING再22007辽宁卷YOUCANTIMAGINEWHATDIFFICULTYWEHAD_HOMEINTHESNOWSTORM现AWALKEDBWALKCTOWALKDWALKING常用能接动名词的动词ADMIT,APPRECIATE,AVOID,ADVISE,知CANTHELP,CELEBRATE,CONSIDER,COMPLETE,DELAY,DENY,DISLIKE,识ENJOY,ESCAPE,EXCUSE,FEELLIKE,FINISH,FORGIVE,IMAGINE,KEEP,链MENTION,MIND,MISS,PARDON,PERMIT,PRACTICE,PREVENT,RESIST,RISK,STOP,SUGGEST,UNDERSTAND,ALLOW等。接2考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。12008江苏卷THEYAREQUIET,ARENTTHEY真YESTHEYAREACCUSTOMED_ATMEALS题ATOTALKBTONOTTALKCTOTALKINGDTONOTTALKING22006重庆卷ISNTITTIMEYOUGOTDOWNTO_THEPAPERSHEARING再AMARKBBEMARKEDCBEINGMARKEDDMARKING现32006江西/改错IMLOOKINGFORWARDTOHEARFROMYOUSOON1常见的短语动词有LEAVEOFF,PUTOFF,GIVEUP,CANTHELP,CANTSTAND,FEELLIKE,INSISTON,THINKOF,DREAMOF,BEFONDOF,知PREVENTFROM,KEEPFROM,STOPFROM,PROTECTFROM,SET识ABOUT,BEENGAGEDIN,SPENDIN,SUCCEEDIN等。2下列短语中的TO为介词,后面只能接动名词或名词LOOK链FORWARDTO,BEFAMILIARTO,OWETO,PUTONESMINDTO,TURNTO,接GETDOWNTO,ATTRIBUTETO,LIVEUPTO,INRELATIONTO,ADMITTO,BEDEVOTEDTO,OWINGTO,THANKSTO,OBJECTTO,BEACCUSTOMEDTO等。3考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。12005天津卷IDONTWANT_LIKEIMSPEAKINGILLOFANYBODY,BUTTHEMANAGERSPLANISUNFAIR真ATOSOUNDBTOBESOUNDED题CSOUNDINGDTOHAVESOUNDED22006北京卷ICANTSTAND_WITHJANEINTHESAME再OFFICESHEJUSTREFUSES_TALKINGWHILESHEWORKS现AWORKINGSTOPPINGBTOWORKSTOPPINGCWORKINGTOSTOPDTOWORKTOSTOP常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有AFFORD,AGREE,ASK,知ARRANGE,ATTEMPT,BEG,BEGIN,CHOOSE,CLAIM,DETERMINE,DECIDE,识DARE,DESIRE,DEMAND,EXPECT,FAIL,FORGET,HATE,HOPE,MANAGE,INTEND,LEARN,HELP,LIKE,LONG,MEAN,NEED,OFFER,PLAN,PREFER,链PREPARE,SEEK,PRETEND,PROMISE,REFUSE,REMEMBER,SEEM,TEND,接THREATEN,VOLUNTEER,WANT,WISH等。4考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。12007安徽卷ROBERTISINDEEDAWISEMAN真OH,YESHOWOFTENIHAVEREGRETTED_HISADVICE题ATOTAKEBTAKINGCNOTTOTAKEDNOTTAKING22006湖南卷IFYOUTHINKTHATTREATINGAWOMANWELLMEANS再ALWAYS_HERPERMISSIONFORTHINGS,THINKAGAIN现AGETSBGOTCTOGETDGETTING接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词1FORGETTODOSTH忘记去做某事未做FORGETDOINGSTH忘记做过某事已做知2REMEMBERTODOSTH记着去做某事未做REMEMBERDOINGSTH记得做过某事已做识3STOPTODOSTH停下来去做另一件事STOPDOINGSTH停止做正在做的某事链4REGRETTODOSTH对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾REGRETDOINGSTH对已做的事情表示后悔接5TRYTODOSTH努力去做某事TRYDOINGSTH做某事试一试6MEANTODOSTH打算、意欲做某事MEANDOINGSTH意味着做某事三考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法。1考查不定式作定语的用法真题再现12008上海卷IFTHERESALOTOFWORK_,IAMHAPPYTOJUSTKEEPONUNTILITISFINISHEDATODOBTOBEDOINGCDONEDDOING22007全国卷ITHELASTONE_PAYSTHEMEALAGREEDAARRIVEDBARRIVESCTOARRIVEDARRIVING知识链接不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式一般用被动语态,但TOBLAME的主动形式表示被动意义。2考查现在分词作定语的用法真题再现12006上海春THEREAREHUNDREDSOFVISITOR_INFRONTOFTHEARTGALLERYTOHAVEALOOKATVANGOGHSPAINTINGSAWAITEDBTOWAITCWAITINGDWAIT22006辽宁卷IWASTOLDTHATTHEREWEREABOUT50FOREIGNSTUDENTS_CHINESEINTHESCHOOL,MOST_WEREFROMGERMANYASTUDYOFWHOMBSTUDYOFTHEMCSTUDYINGOFTHEMDSTUDYINGOFWHOM知识链接现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语,逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定语前置,现在分词短语作定语后置。真题再现3考查过去分词作定语的用法12008上海卷THROUGHOUTHISTORY,THELANGUAGE_BYAPOWERFULGROUPSPREADSACROSSACIVILIZATIONASPEAKINGBSPOKENCTOSPEAKDTOBESPOKEN22008浙江卷ITISONEOFTHEFUNNIESTTHINGS_ONTHEINTERNETSOFARTHISYEARAFINDINGBBEINGFOUNDCTOFINDDFOUND32007上海卷THETOWNHALL_INTHE1800SWASTHEMOSTDISTINGUISHEDBUILDINGATTHATTIMEATOBECOMPLETEDBHAVINGBEENCOMPLETEDCCOMPLETEDDBEINGCOMPLETED知识链接过去分词作定语,表示完成或被动的动作,与被修饰名词为被动关系。被修饰名词是动词的宾语。过去分词做定语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。单个词放在所修饰词前,短语放在所修饰词后。四考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾补的用法。1考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配12007北京卷EXCUSEMESIR,WHEREISROOM301真JUSTAMINUTEILLHAVEBOB_YOUTOYOURROOM/WSCTOSHOWDSHOWING题22008上海卷DUETOTHEHEAVYRAINANDFLOODING,TEN再MILLIONPEOPLEHAVEBEENFORCED_THEIRHOMES现ALEAVINGBTOLEAVECTOBELEFTDBEINGLEFT1需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词ASK,ADVISE,ALLOW,BEG,BELIEVE,知CALLON,CAUSE,COMMAND,DIRECT,FEEL,EXPECT,ENABLE,ENCOURAGE,FORCE,识GET,HATE,INTEND,INVITE,LEAD,LIKE,ORDER,PERMIT,PERSUADE,PREFER,链REQUEST,REMIND,TEACH,TELL,WANT,WARN,WISH等。2要求省掉不定式的TO作宾补的动词FEEL,HAVE,HEAR,HELP,LET,LISTEN接TO,LOOKAT,MAKE,NOTICE,OBSERVE,SEE,WATCH等。2考查现在分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配12008上海卷MYSISTER,ANINEXPENSIVERIDER,WASFOUNDSITTINGONTHEBICYCLE_TOBALANCEITAHAVINGTRIEDBTRYINGCTOTRYDTRIED真22007全国卷IISMELLSOMETHING_INTHEKITCHEN题CANICALLYOUBACKINAMINUTE再ABURNINGBBURNTCBEINGBURNTDTOBEBURNT现32007上海卷AFTERAKNOCKATTHEDOOR,THECHILDHEARDHISMOTHERSVOICE_HIMACALLINGBCALLEDCBEINGCALLEDDTOCALL以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补SEE,HEAR,SMELL,FEEL,知WATCH,FIND,NOTICE,OBSERVE,LOOKAT,LISTENTO,CATCH等表识示感觉的动词,现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进链行的动作。HAVE,KEEP,GET,SET,SEND,LEAVE等表示“致使”接等意义的动词。3考查过去分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配12005天津卷YOUSHOULDUNDERSTANDTHETRAFFICRULEBYNOW真YOUVEHADIT_OFTENENOUGH题AEXPLAININGBTOEXPLAINCEXPLAINDEXPLAINED再22007福建卷JENNYHOPESTHATMRSMITHWILLSUGGESTA现GOODWAYTOHAVEHERWRITTENENGLISH_INASHORTPERIOD/ROVINGCTOIMPROVEDIMPROVE过去分词作宾语补足语用于下列结构1KEEP/LEAVE宾语过去分词表状态的动词。知2HAVE/GET宾语过去分词A让/请/叫某人做某事B遭遇到某种不幸。C使某事完成。识3MAKEONESELF过去分词。常见的过去分词有UNDERSTOOD,KNOWN,链HEARD,RESPECTED,NOTICED等。接4WATCHNOTICE,SEE,HEAR,LISTENTO,FEEL,FIND宾语过去分词强调宾语所处的状态5WANTWISH,LIKE,EXPECT,ORDER宾语过去分词。五考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作状语的用法。1考查动词不定式作目的状语的常见结构12008北京卷DIDTHEBOOKGIVETHEINFORMATIONYOUNEEDEDYESBUT_IT,IHADTOREADTHEENTIREBOOKATOFINDBFINDCTOFINDINGDFINDING真22007上海春_THESAFETYOFGAS,THEGOVERNMENTHASCHECKEDTHECITYSGASSUPPLYSYSTEMTHOROUGHLY题ATOENSUREBENSURING再CHAVINGENSUREDDTOHAVEENSURED现32006广东卷_THISCAKE,YOULLNEED2EGGS,175GSUGARAND175GFLOURAHAVINGMADEBMAKECTOMAKEDMAKING只有不定式作目的状语,表示在谓语动词动作之后发考点生的动作。为了表示强调,不定式前加INORDER或SOAS说明2考查不定式,分词作结果状语的常见结构12006陕西卷HEHURRIEDTOTHEBOOKINGOFFICEONLY_THATALLTHETICKETSHADBEENSOLDOUTATOTELLBTOBETOLDCTELLINGDTOLD真22005山东卷OILPRICESHAVERISENBY32PERCENTSINCETHESTARTOF题THEYEAR,_ARECORDUS5765ABARRELONAPRIL4再AHAVEREACHEDBREACHINGCTOREACHDTOBEREACHING现32005全国卷ITHESTORMLEFT,_ALOTOFDAMAGETOTHISAREAACAUSEDBTOHAVECAUSEDCTOCAUSEDHAVINGCAUSED1不定式作结果状语的情况较少,主要出现在下列结构考中1TOOTODO结构2ENOUGHTODO结构3ONLY点/JUSTTODO不料却。近几年高考命题只考查ONLY/JUST说TODO结构,且是高考热点。明2作结果状语的大多是分词,常在句末,用逗号隔开。3考查分词作原因、条件状语的常见结构12008重庆卷_TOREACHTHEMONTHEPHONE,WESENTANEMAILINSTEADAFAILBFAILEDCTOFAILDHAVINGFAILED真22006福建卷_FORTHEBREAKDOWNOFTHESCHOOL题COMPUTERNETWORK,ALICEWASINLOWSPIRITS再ABLAMINGBBLAMEDCTOBLAMEDTOBEBLAMED现32007浙江卷_BYAGREATERDEMANDOFVEGETABLES,FARMERSHAVEBUILTMOREGREENHOUSESADRIVENBBEINGDRIVENCTODRIVEDHAVINGDRIVEN1现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在考分词表将来或主动,过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因,点相当于BECAUSE,SINCE和AS引导的原因状语从句。表示说条件,相当于IF条件状语从句。明2现在分词有时态和语态的变化,过去分词只有一般式。4考查现在分词和过去分词作时间状语的基本用法12006浙江卷WHEN_DIFFERENTCULTURES,WEOFTENPAYATTENTIONONLYTOTHEDIFFERENCESWITHOUTNOTICINGTHEMANYSIMILARITIESACOMPAREDBBEINGCOMPARED真CCOMPARINGDHAVINGCOMPARED题22008安徽卷_INTHEFIELDSONAMARCHAFTERNOON,HECOULDFEELTHEWARMTHOFSPRING再ATOWALKBWALKINGCWALKEDDHAVINGWALKED现32007陕西卷_THATSHEDIDNTDOAGOODJOB,IDONTTHINKIAMABLERTHANHERATOHAVESAIDBHAVINGSAIDCTOSAYDSAYING考分词作时间状语,相当于WHEN,BEFORE,WHILE,AFTER,SINCE引导的时间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词WHILE或WHEN引出。如果非谓点语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词说与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态明的变化,而过去分词只有一般式。5考查现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语的用法12008辽宁卷HEWASBUSYWRITINGASTORY,ONLY_ONCEINAWHILETOSMOKEACIGARETTEATOSTOPBSTOPPINGCTOHAVESTOPPEDDHAVINGSTOPPED22006全国卷IIWEOFTENPROVIDEOURCHILDRENWITHTOYS,FOOTBALLS真ORBASKETBALLS,_THATALLCHILDRENLIKETHESETHINGS题ATHINKINGBTHINKCTOTHINKDTHOUGHT再32006安徽卷MYCOUSINCAMETOSEEMEFROMTHECOUNTRY,_ME现AFULLBASKETOFFRESHFRUITSABROUGHTBBRINGINGCTOBRINGDHADBROUGHT42007重庆卷THECHILDRENWENTHOMEFROMTHEGRAMMARSCHOOL,THEIRLESSONS_FORTHEDAYAFINISHINGBFINISHEDCHADFINISHEDDWEREFINISHED现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语是高考考考点查的重点和热点。特别是历年全国卷中现在分词作方说明式状语的用法几乎年年考查。六考查非谓语动词的特殊句型及其它用法。1考查“SISSAIDTODO/TOHAVEDONE”句型12007辽宁卷THECROWDCHEEREDWILDLYATTHESIGHTOFLIUXIANG,WHOWASREPORTED_THEWORLDRECORDINTHE110METERHURDLERACE真ABREAKINGBHAVINGBROKENCTOHAVEBROKENDBREAK题22005江苏卷ISBOBSTILLPERFORMING再IMAFRAIDNOTHEISSAID_THESTAGEALREADYASHEHASBECOMEANOFFICIAL现ATOHAVELEFTBTOLEAVECTOHAVEBEENLEFTDTOBELEFT32006湖北卷AIDSISSAID_THEBIGGESTHEALTHCHALLENGETOBOTHMENANDWOMENINTHATAREAOVERTHEPASTFEWYEARSATHATITISBTOBECTHATITHASBEEN