机械类外文文献翻译(中英文翻译)(可编辑)

机械类外文文献翻译中英文翻译英文原文MECHANICALDESIGNANDMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESMECHANICALDESIGNISTHEAPPLICATIONOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYTODEVISENEWORIMPROVEDPRODUCTSFORTHEPURPOSEOFSATISFYINGHUMANNEEDSITISAVASTFIELDOFENGINEERINGTECHNOLOGYWHICHNOTONLYCONCERNSITSELFWITHTHEORIGINALCONCEPTIONOFTHEPRODUCTINTERMSOFITSSIZE,SHAPEANDCONSTRUCTIONDETAILS,BUTALSOCONSIDERSTHEVARIOUSFACTORSINVOLVEDINTHEMANUFACTURE,MARKETINGANDUSEOFTHEPRODUCTPEOPLEWHOPERFORMTHEVARIOUSFUNCTIONSOFMECHANICALDESIGNARETYPICALLYCALLEDDESIGNERS,ORDESIGNENGINEERSMECHANICALDESIGNISBASICALLYACREATIVEACTIVITYHOWEVER,INADDITIONTOBEINGINNOVATIVE,ADESIGNENGINEERMUSTALSOHAVEASOLIDBACKGROUNDINTHEAREASOFMECHANICALDRAWING,KINEMATICS,DYNAMICS,MATERIALSENGINEERING,STRENGTHOFMATERIALSANDMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESASSTATEDPREVIOUSLY,THEPURPOSEOFMECHANICALDESIGNISTOPRODUCEAPRODUCTWHICHWILLSERVEANEEDFORMANINVENTIONS,DISCOVERIESANDSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGEBYTHEMSELVESDONOTNECESSARILYBENEFITPEOPLEONLYIFTHEYAREINCORPORATEDINTOADESIGNEDPRODUCTWILLABENEFITBEDERIVEDITSHOULDBERECOGNIZED,THEREFORE,THATAHUMANNEEDMUSTBEIDENTIFIEDBEFOREAPARTICULARPRODUCTISDESIGNEDMECHANICALDESIGNSHOULDBECONSIDEREDTOBEANOPPORTUNITYTOUSEINNOVATIVETALENTSTOENVISIONADESIGNOFAPRODUCT,TOANALYZETHESYSTEMANDTHENMAKESOUNDJUDGMENTSONHOWTHEPRODUCTISTOBEMANUFACTUREDITISIMPORTANTTOUNDERSTANDTHEFUNDAMENTALSOFENGINEERINGRATHERTHANMEMORIZEMEREFACTSANDEQUATIONSTHEREARENOFACTSOREQUATIONSWHICHALONECANBEUSEDTOPROVIDEALLTHECORRECTDECISIONSREQUIREDTOPRODUCEAGOODDESIGNONTHEOTHERHAND,ANYCALCULATIONSMADEMUSTBEDONEWITHTHEUTMOSTCAREANDPRECISIONFOREXAMPLE,IFADECIMALPOINTISMISPLACED,ANOTHERWISEACCEPTABLEDESIGNMAYNOTFUNCTIONGOODDESIGNSREQUIRETRYINGNEWIDEASANDBEINGWILLINGTOTAKEACERTAINAMOUNTOFRISK,KNOWINGTHATIFTHENEWIDEADOESNOTWORKTHEEXISTINGMETHODCANBEREINSTATEDTHUSADESIGNERMUSTHAVEPATIENCE,SINCETHEREISNOASSURANCEOFSUCCESSFORTHETIMEANDEFFORTEXPENDEDCREATINGACOMPLETELYNEWDESIGNGENERALLYREQUIRESTHATMANYOLDANDWELLESTABLISHEDMETHODSBETHRUSTASIDETHISISNOTEASYSINCEMANYPEOPLECLINGTOFAMILIARIDEAS,TECHNIQUESANDATTITUDESADESIGNENGINEERSHOULDCONSTANTLYSEARCHFORWAYSTOIMPROVEANEXISTINGPRODUCTANDMUSTDECIDEWHATOLD,PROVENCONCEPTSSHOULDBEUSEDANDWHATNEW,UNTRIEDIDEASSHOULDBEINCORPORATEDNEWDESIGNSGENERALLYHAVE“BUGS“ORUNFORESEENPROBLEMSWHICHMUSTBEWORKEDOUTBEFORETHESUPERIORCHARACTERISTICSOFTHENEWDESIGNSCANBEENJOYEDTHUSTHEREISACHANCEFORASUPERIORPRODUCT,BUTONLYATHIGHERRISKITSHOULDBEEMPHASIZEDTHAT,IFADESIGNDOESNOTWARRANTRADICALNEWMETHODS,SUCHMETHODSSHOULDNOTBEAPPLIEDMERELYFORTHESAKEOFCHANGEDURINGTHEBEGINNINGSTAGESOFDESIGN,CREATIVITYSHOULDBEALLOWEDTOFLOURISHWITHOUTAGREATNUMBEROFCONSTRAINTSEVENTHOUGHMANYIMPRACTICALIDEASMAYARISE,ITISUSUALLYEASYTOELIMINATETHEMINTHEEARLYSTAGESOFDESIGNBEFOREFIRMDETAILSAREREQUIREDBYMANUFACTURINGINTHISWAY,INNOVATIVEIDEASARENOTINHIBITEDQUITEOFTEN,MORETHANONEDESIGNISDEVELOPED,UPTOTHEPOINTWHERETHEYCANBECOMPAREDAGAINSTEACHOTHERITISENTIRELYPOSSIBLETHATTHEDESIGNWHICHISULTIMATELYACCEPTEDWILLUSEIDEASEXISTINGINONEOFTHEREJECTEDDESIGNSTHATDIDNOTSHOWASMUCHOVERALLPROMISEPSYCHOLOGISTSFREQUENTLYTALKABOUTTRYINGTOFITPEOPLETOTHEMACHINESTHEYOPERATEITISESSENTIALLYTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEDESIGNENGINEERTOSTRIVETOFITMACHINESTOPEOPLETHISISNOTANEASYTASK,SINCETHEREISREALLYNOAVERAGEPERSONFORWHICHCERTAINOPERATINGDIMENSIONSANDPROCEDURESAREOPTIMUMANOTHERIMPORTANTPOINTWHICHSHOULDBERECOGNIZEDISTHATADESIGNENGINEERMUSTBEABLETOCOMMUNICATEIDEASTOOTHERPEOPLEIFTHEYARETOBEINCORPORATEDCOMMUNICATINGTHEDESIGNTOOTHERSISTHEFINAL,VITALSTEPINTHEDESIGNPROCESSUNDOUBTEDLYMANYGREATDESIGNS,INVENTIONS,ANDCREATIVEWORKSHAVEBEENLOSTTOMANKINDSIMPLYBECAUSETHEORIGINATORSWEREUNABLEORUNWILLINGTOEXPLAINTHEIRACCOMPLISHMENTSTOOTHERSPRESENTATIONISASELLINGJOBTHEENGINEER,WHENPRESENTINGANEWSOLUTIONTOADMINISTRATIVE,MANAGEMENT,ORSUPERVISORYPERSONS,ISATTEMPTINGTOSELLORTOPROVETOTHEMTHATTHISSOLUTIONISABETTERONEUNLESSTHISCANBEDONESUCCESSFULLY,THETIMEANDEFFORTSPENTONOBTAININGTHESOLUTIONHAVEBEENLARGELYWASTEDBASICALLY,THEREAREONLYTHREEMEANSOFCOMMUNICATIONAVAILABLETOUSTHESEARETHEWRITTEN,THEORAL,ANDTHEGRAPHICALFORMSTHEREFORETHESUCCESSFULENGINEERWILLBETECHNICALLYCOMPETENTANDVERSATILEINALLTHREEFORMSOFCOMMUNICATIONATECHNICALLYCOMPETENTPERSONWHOLACKSABILITYINANYONEOFTHESEFORMSISSEVERELYHANDICAPPEDIFABILITYINALLTHREEFORMSISLACKING,NOONEWILLEVERKNOWHOWCOMPETENTTHATPERSONISTHECOMPETENTENGINEERSHOULDNOTBEAFRAIDOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFNOTSUCCEEDINGINAPRESENTATIONINFACT,OCCASIONALFAILURESHOULDBEEXPECTEDBECAUSEFAILUREORCRITICISMSEEMSTOACCOMPANYEVERYREALLYCREATIVEIDEATHEREISAGREATDEALTOBELEARNEDFROMAFAILURE,ANDTHEGREATESTGAINSAREOBTAINEDBYTHOSEWILLINGTORISKDEFEATINTHEFINALANALYSIS,THEREALFAILUREWOULDLIEINDECIDINGNOTTOMAKETHEPRESENTATIONATALLTOCOMMUNICATEEFFECTIVELY,THEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONSMUSTBEANSWERED1DOESTHEDESIGNREALLYSERVEAHUMANNEED2WILLITBECOMPETITIVEWITHEXISTINGPRODUCTSOFRIVALCOMPANIES3ISITECONOMICALTOPRODUCE4CANITBEREADILYMAINTAINED5WILLITSELLANDMAKEAPROFITONLYTIMEWILLPROVIDETHETRUEANSWERSTOTHEPRECEDINGQUESTIONS,BUTTHEPRODUCTSHOULDBEDESIGNED,MANUFACTUREDANDMARKETEDONLYWITHINITIALAFFIRMATIVEANSWERSTHEDESIGNENGINEERALSOMUSTCOMMUNICATETHEFINALIZEDDESIGNTOMANUFACTURINGTHROUGHTHEUSEOFDETAILANDASSEMBLYDRAWINGSQUITEOFTEN,APROBLEMWILLOCCURDURINGTHEMANUFACTURINGCYCLE3ITMAYBETHATACHANGEISREQUIREDINTHEDIMENSIONINGORTOLERANCINGOFAPARTSOTHATITCANBEMOREREADILYPRODUCEDTHISFAILSINTHECATEGORYOFENGINEERINGCHANGESWHICHMUSTBEAPPROVEDBYTHEDESIGNENGINEERSOTHATTHEPRODUCTFUNCTIONWILLNOTBEADVERSELYAFFECTEDINOTHERCASES,ADEFICIENCYINTHEDESIGNMAYAPPEARDURINGASSEMBLYORTESTINGJUSTPRIORTOSHIPPINGTHESEREALITIESSIMPLYBEAROUTTHEFACTTHATDESIGNISALIVINGPROCESSTHEREISALWAYSABETTERWAYTODOITANDTHEDESIGNERSHOULDCONSTANTLYSTRIVETOWARDSFINDINGTHATBETTERWAYDESIGNINGSTARTSWITHANEED,REALORIMAGINEDEXISTINGAPPARATUSMAYNEEDIMPROVEMENTSINDURABILITY,EFFICIENTLY,WEIGHT,SPEED,ORCOSTNEWAPPARATUSMAYBENEEDEDTOPERFORMAFUNCTIONPREVIOUSLYDONEBYMEN,SUCHASCOMPUTATION,ASSEMBLY,ORSERVICINGWITHTHEOBJECTIVEWHOLLYORPARTLYDEFINED,THENEXTSTEPINDESIGNISTHECONCEPTIONOFMECHANISMSANDTHEIRARRANGEMENTSTHATWILLPERFORMTHENEEDEDFUNCTIONSFORTHIS,FREEHANDSKETCHINGISOFGREATVALUE,NOTONLYASARECORDOFONESTHOUGHTSANDASANAIDINDISCUSSIONWITHOTHERS,BUTPARTICULARLYFORCOMMUNICATIONWITHONESOWN