2016年电大开放教育c语言程序设计课程期末复习考试题库小抄

最新电大C语言程序设计课程期末复习考试题库小抄一、单选题1在每个C语言程序中都必须包含有这样一个函数，该函数的函数名为。AMAINBMAINCNAMEDFUNCTION2每个C语言程序文件的编译错误分为（）类。A1B2C3D43字符串“AB12N“的长度为（）。A6B7C8D94在SWITCH语句的每个CASE块中，假定都是以BREAK语句结束的，则此SWITCH语句容易被改写为（）语句。AFORBIFCDODWHILE5在下面的DOWHILE循环语句中，其循环体语句被执行的次数为（）。INTI0DOIWHILEI0（或分号）23VOID40X195AVOIDMAININTIFORI3IINTN,I1DOUBLESUM0VOIDMAINSCANF“D“,WHILEIVOIDMAININTIINTP1INTS1FORI1IX1X1AIIFAIX2X2AIRETURNX1X2请您删除一下内容，O_O谢谢2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄ACETYLCHOLINEISANEUROTRANSMITTERRELEASEDFROMNERVEENDINGSTERMINALSINBOTHTHEPERIPHERALANDTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEMSITISSYNTHESIZEDWITHINTHENERVETERMINALFROMCHOLINE,TAKENUPFROMTHETISSUEFLUIDINTOTHENERVEENDINGBYASPECIALIZEDTRANSPORTMECHANISMTHEENZYMENECESSARYFORTHISSYNTHESISISFORMEDINTHENERVECELLBODYANDPASSESDOWNTHEAXONTOITSEND,CARRIEDINTHEAXOPLASMICFLOW,THESLOWMOVEMENTOFINTRACELLULARSUBSTANCECYTOPLASMACETYLCHOLINEISSTOREDINTHENERVETERMINAL,SEQUESTEREDINSMALLVESICLESAWAITINGRELEASEWHENANERVEACTIONPOTENTIALREACHESANDINVADESTHENERVETERMINAL,ASHOWEROFACETYLCHOLINEVESICLESISRELEASEDINTOTHEJUNCTIONSYNAPSEBETWEENTHENERVETERMINALANDTHEEFFECTORCELLWHICHTHENERVEACTIVATESTHISMAYBEANOTHERNERVECELLORAMUSCLEORGLANDCELLTHUSELECTRICALSIGNALSARECONVERTEDTOCHEMICALSIGNALS,ALLOWINGMESSAGESTOBEPASSEDBETWEENNERVECELLSORBETWEENNERVECELLSANDNONNERVECELLSTHISPROCESSISTERMEDCHEMICALNEUROTRANSMISSIONANDWASFIRSTDEMONSTRATED,FORNERVESTOTHEHEART,BYTHEGERMANPHARMACOLOGISTLOEWIIN1921CHEMICALTRANSMISSIONINVOLVINGACETYLCHOLINEISKNOWNASCHOLINERGICACETYLCHOLINEACTSASATRANSMITTERBETWEENMOTORNERVESANDTHEFIBRESOFSKELETALMUSCLEATALLNEUROMUSCULARJUNCTIONSATTHISTYPEOFSYNAPSE,THENERVETERMINALISCLOSELYAPPOSEDTOTHECELLMEMBRANEOFAMUSCLEFIBREATTHESOCALLEDMOTORENDPLATEONRELEASE,ACETYLCHOLINEACTSALMOSTINSTANTLY,TOCAUSEASEQUENCEOFCHEMICALANDPHYSICALEVENTSSTARTINGWITHDEPOLARIZATIONOFTHEMOTORENDPLATEWHICHCAUSECONTRACTIONOFTHEMUSCLEFIBRETHISISEXACTLYWHATISREQUIREDFORVOLUNTARYMUSCLESINWHICHARAPIDRESPONSETOACOMMANDISREQUIREDTHEACTIONOFACETYLCHOLINEISTERMINATEDRAPIDLY,INAROUND10MILLISECONDSANENZYMECHOLINESTERASEBREAKSTHETRANSMITTERDOWNINTOCHOLINEANDANACETATEIONTHECHOLINEISTHENAVAILABLEFORREUPTAKEINTOTHENERVETERMINALTHESESAMEPRINCIPLESAPPLYTOCHOLINERGICTRANSMISSIONATSITESOTHERTHANNEUROMUSCULARJUNCTIONS,ALTHOUGHTHESTRUCTUREOFTHESYNAPSESDIFFERSINTHEAUTONOMICNERVOUSSYSTEMTHESEINCLUDENERVETONERVESYNAPSESATTHERELAYSTATIONSGANGLIAINBOTHTHESYMPATHETICANDTHEPARASYMPATHETICDIVISIONS,ANDTHEENDINGSOFPARASYMPATHETICNERVEFIBRESONNONVOLUNTARYSMOOTHMUSCLE,THEHEART,ANDGLANDULARCELLSINRESPONSETOACTIVATIONOFTHISNERVESUPPLY,SMOOTHMUSCLECONTRACTSNOTABLYINTHEGUT,THEFREQUENCYOFHEARTBEATISSLOWED,ANDGLANDSSECRETEACETYLCHOLINEISALSOANIMPORTANTTRANSMITTERATMANYSITESINTHEBRAINATNERVETONERVESYNAPSESTOUNDERSTANDHOWACETYLCHOLINEBRINGSABOUTAVARIETYOFEFFECTSINDIFFERENTCELLSITISNECESSARYTOUNDERSTANDMEMBRANERECEPTORSINPOSTSYNAPTICMEMBRANESTHOSEOFTHECELLSONWHICHTHENERVEFIBRESTERMINATETHEREAREMANYDIFFERENTSORTSOFRECEPTORSANDSOMEARERECEPTORSFORACETYLCHOLINETHESEAREPROTEINMOLECULESTHATREACTSPECIFICALLYWITHACETYLCHOLINEINAREVERSIBLEFASHIONITISTHECOMPLEXOFRECEPTORCOMBINEDWITHACETYLCHOLINEWHICHBRINGSABOUTABIOPHYSICALREACTION,RESULTINGINTHERESPONSEFROMTHERECEPTIVECELLTWOMAJORTYPESOFACETYLCHOLINERECEPTORSEXISTINTHEMEMBRANESOFCELLSTHETYPEINSKELETALMUSCLEISKNOWNASNICOTINICINGLANDS,SMOOTHMUSCLE,ANDTHEHEARTTHEYAREMUSCARINICANDTHEREARESOMEOFEACHTYPEINTHEBRAINTHESETERMSAREUSEDBECAUSENICOTINEMIMICSTHEACTIONOFACETYLCHOLINEATNICOTINICRECEPTORS,WHEREASMUSCARINE,ANALKALOIDFROMTHEMUSHROOMAMANITAMUSCARIA,MIMICSTHEACTIONOFACETYLCHOLINEATTHEMUSCARINICRECEPTORSACETYLCHOLINEISTHENEUROTRANSMITTERPRODUCEDBYNEURONSREFERREDTOASCHOLINERGICNEURONSINTHEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEMACETYLCHOLINEPLAYSAROLEINSKELETALMUSCLEMOVEMENT,ASWELLASINTHEREGULATIONOFSMOOTHMUSCLEANDCARDIACMUSCLEINTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEMACETYLCHOLINEISBELIEVEDTOBEINVOLVEDINLEARNING,MEMORY,ANDMOODACETYLCHOLINEISSYNTHESIZEDFROMCHOLINEANDACETYLCOENZYMEATHROUGHTHEACTIONOFTHEENZYMECHOLINEACETYLTRANSFERASEANDBECOMESPACKAGEDINTOMEMBRANEBOUNDVESICLESAFTERTHEARRIVALOFANERVESIGNALATTHETERMINATIONOFANAXON,THEVESICLESFUSEWITHTHECELLMEMBRANE,CAUSINGTHERELEASEOFACETYLCHOLINEINTOTHESYNAPTICCLEFTFORTHENERVESIGNALTOCONTINUE,ACETYLCHOLINEMUSTDIFFUSETOANOTHERNEARBYNEURONORMUSCLECELL,WHEREITWILLBINDANDACTIVATEARECEPTORPROTEINTHEREARETWOMAINTYPESOFCHOLINERGICRECEPTORS,NICOTINICANDMUSCARINICNICOTINICRECEPTORSARELOCATEDATSYNAPSESBETWEENTWONEURONSANDATSYNAPSESBETWEENNEURONSANDSKELETALMUSCLECELLSUPONACTIVATIONANICOTINICRECEPTORACTSASACHANNELFORTHEMOVEMENTOFIONSINTOANDOUTOFTHENEURON,DIRECTLYRESULTINGINDEPOLARIZATIONOFTHENEURONMUSCARINICRECEPTORS,LOCATEDATTHESYNAPSESOFNERVESWITHSMOOTHORCARDIACMUSCLE,TRIGGERACHAINOFCHEMICALEVENTSREFERREDTOASSIGNALTRANSDUCTIONFORACHOLINERGICNEURONTORECEIVEANOTHERIMPULSE,ACETYLCHOLINEMUSTBERELEASEDFROMTHERECEPTORTOWHICHITHASBOUNDTHISWILLONLYHAPPENIFTHECONCENTRATIONOFACETYLCHOLINEINTHESYNAPTICCLEFTISVERYLOWLOWSYNAPTICCONCENTRATIONSOFACETYLCHOLINECANBEMAINTAINEDVIAAHYDROLYSISREACTIONCATALYZEDBYTHEENZYMEACETYLCHOLINESTERASETHISENZYMEHYDROLYZESACETYLCHOLINEINTOACETICACIDANDCHOLINEIFACETYLCHOLINESTERASEACTIVITYISINHIBITED,THESYNAPTICCONCENTRATIONOFACETYLCHOLINEWILLREMAINHIGHERTHANNORMALIFTHISINHIBITIONISIRREVERSIBLE,ASINTHECASEOFEXPOSURETOMANYNERVEGASESANDSOMEPESTICIDES,SWEATING,BRONCHIALCONSTRICTION,CONVULSIONS,PARALYSIS,ANDPOSSIBLYDEATHCANOCCURALTHOUGHIRREVERSIBLEINHIBITIONISDANGEROUS,BENEFICIALEFFECTSMAYBEDERIVEDFROMTRANSIENTREVERSIBLEINHIBITIONDRUGSTHATINHIBITACETYLCHOLINESTERASEINAREVERSIBLEMANNERHAVEBEENSHOWNTOIMPROVEMEMORYINSOMEPEOPLEWITHALZHEIMERSDISEASEABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISM,MOVEMENTOFABSTRACTPAINTINGTHATEMERGEDINNEWYORKCITYDURINGTHEMID1940SANDATTAINEDSINGULARPROMINENCEINAMERICANARTINTHEFOLLOWINGDECADEALSOCALLEDACTIONPAINTINGANDTHENEWYORKSCHOOLITWASTHEFIRSTIMPORTANTSCHOOLINAMERICANPAINTINGTODECLAREITSINDEPENDENCEFROMEUROPEANSTYLESANDTOINFLUENCETHEDEVELOPMENTOFARTABROADARSHILEGORKYFIRSTGAVEIMPETUSTOTHEMOVEMENTHISPAINTINGS,DERIVEDATFIRSTFROMTHEARTOFPICASSO,MIR,ANDSURREALISM,BECAMEMOREPERSONALLYEXPRESSIVEJACKSONPOLLOCKSTURBULENTYETELEGANTABSTRACTPAINTINGS,WHICHWERECREATEDBYSPATTERINGPAINTONHUGECANVASESPLACEDONTHEFLOOR,BROUGHTABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISMBEFOREAHOSTILEPUBLICWILLEMDEKOONINGSFIRSTONEMANSHOWIN1948ESTABLISHEDHIMASAHIGHLYINFLUENTIALARTISTHISINTENSELYCOMPLICATEDABSTRACTPAINTINGSOFTHE1940SWEREFOLLOWEDBYIMAGESOFWOMAN,GROTESQUEVERSIONSOFBUXOMWOMANHOOD,WHICHWEREVIRTUALLYUNPARALLELEDINTHESUSTAINEDSAVAGERYOFTHEIREXECUTIONPAINTERSSUCHASPHILIPGUSTONANDFRANZKLINETURNEDTOTHEABSTRACTLATEINTHE1940SANDSOONDEVELOPEDSTRIKINGLYORIGINALSTYLESTHEFORMER,LYRICALANDEVOCATIVE,THELATTER,FORCEFULANDBOLDLYDRAMATICOTHERIMPORTANTARTISTSINVOLVEDWITHTHEMOVEMENTINCLUDEDHANSHOFMANN,ROBERTMOTHERWELL,ANDMARKROTHKOAMONGOTHERMAJORABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISTSWERESUCHPAINTERSASCLYFFORDSTILL,THEODOROSSTAMOS,ADOLPHGOTTLIEB,HELENFRANKENTHALER,LEEKRASNER,ANDESTEBANVICENTEABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISMPRESENTEDABROADRANGEOFSTYLISTICDIVERSITYWITHINITSLARGELY,THOUGHNOTEXCLUSIVELY,NONREPRESENTATIONALFRAMEWORKFOREXAMPLE,THEEXPRESSIVEVIOLENCEANDACTIVITYINPAINTINGSBYDEKOONINGORPOLLOCKMARKEDTHEOPPOSITEENDOFTHEPOLEFROMTHESIMPLE,QUIESCENTIMAGESOFMARKROTHKOBASICTOMOSTABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISTPAINTINGWERETHEATTENTIONPAIDTOSURFACEQUALITIES,IE,QUALITIESOFBRUSHSTROKEANDTEXTURETHEUSEOFHUGECANVASESTHEADOPTIONOFANAPPROACHTOSPACEINWHICHALLPARTSOFTHECANVASPLAYEDANEQUALLYVITALROLEINTHETOTALWORKTHEHARNESSINGOFACCIDENTSTHATOCCURREDDURINGTHEPROCESSOFPAINTINGTHEGLORIFICATIONOFTHEACTOFPAINTINGITSELFASAMEANSOFVISUALCOMMUNICATIONANDTHEATTEMPTTOTRANSFERPUREEMOTIONDIRECTLYONTOTHECANVASTHEMOVEMENTHADANINESTIMABLEINFLUENCEONTHEMANYVARIETIESOFWORKTHATFOLLOWEDIT,ESPECIALLYINTHEWAYITSPROPONENTSUSEDCOLORANDMATERIALSITSESSENTIALENERGYTRANSMITTEDANENDURINGEXCITEMENTTOTHEAMERICANARTSCENESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYISQUITEABROADCATEGORY,ANDITCOVERSEVERYTHINGFROMSTUDYINGTHESTARSANDTHEPLANETSTOSTUDYINGMOLECULESANDVIRUSESBEGINNINGWITHTHEGREEKSANDHIPPARCHUS,CONTINUINGTHROUGHPTOLEMY,COPERNICUSANDGALILEO,ANDTODAYWITHOURWORKONTHEINTERNATIONALSPACESTATION,MANCONTINUESTOLEARNMOREANDMOREABOUTTHEHEAVENSFROMHERE,WELOOKINWARDTOBIOCHEMISTRYANDBIOLOGYTOTRULYUNDERSTANDBIOCHEMISTRY,SCIENTISTSSTUDYANDSEETHEUNSEENBYSTUDYINGTHECHEMISTRYOFBIOLOGICALPROCESSESTHISSCIENCE,ALONGWITHBIOPHYSICS,AIMSTOBRINGABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFHOWBODIESWORKFROMHOWWETURNFOODINTOENERGYTOHOWNERVEIMPULSESTRANSMITANALYTICGEOMETRY,BRANCHOFGEOMETRYINWHICHPOINTSAREREPRESENTEDWITHRESPECTTOACOORDINATESYSTEM,SUCHASCARTESIANCOORDINATES,ANDINWHICHTHEAPPROACHTOGEOMETRICPROBLEMSISPRIMARILYALGEBRAICITSMOSTCOMMONAPPLICATIONISINTHEREPRESENTATIONOFEQUATIONSINVOLVINGTWOORTHREEVARIABLESASCURVESINTWOORTHREEDIMENSIONSORSURFACESINTHREEDIMENSIONSFOREXAMPLE,THELINEAREQUATIONAXBYC0REPRESENTSASTRAIGHTLINEINTHEXYPLANE,ANDTHELINEAREQUATIONAXBYCZD0REPRESENTSAPLANEINSPACE,WHEREA,B,C,ANDDARECONSTANTNUMBERSCOEFFICIENTSINTHISWAYAGEOMETRICPROBLEMCANBETRANSLATEDINTOANALGEBRAICPROBLEMANDTHEMETHODSOFALGEBRABROUGHTTOBEARONITSSOLUTIONCONVERSELY,THESOLUTIONOFAPROBLEMINALGEBRA,SUCHASFINDINGTHEROOTSOFANEQUATIONORSYSTEMOFEQUATIONS,CANBEESTIMATEDORSOMETIMESGIVENEXACTLYBYGEOMETRICMEANS,EG,PLOTTINGCURVESANDSURFACESANDDETERMININGPOINTSOFINTERSECTIONINPLANEANALYTICGEOMETRYALINEISFREQUENTLYDESCRIBEDINTERMSOFITSSLOPE,WHICHEXPRESSESITSINCLINATIONTOTHECOORDINATEAXESTECHNICALLY,THESLOPEMOFASTRAIGHTLINEISTHETRIGONOMETRICTANGENTOFTHEANGLEITMAKESWITHTHEXAXISIFTHELINEISPARALLELTOTHEXAXIS,ITSSLOPEISZEROTWOORMORELINESWITHEQUALSLOPESAREPARALLELTOONEANOTHERINGENERAL,THESLOPEOFTHELINETHROUGHTHEPOINTSX1,Y1ANDX2,Y2ISGIVENBYMY2Y1/X2X1THECONICSECTIONSARETREATEDINANALYTICGEOMETRYASTHECURVESCORRESPONDINGTOTHEGENERALQUADRATICEQUATIONAX2BXYCY2DXEYF0,WHEREA,B,FARECONSTANTSANDA,B,ANDCARENOTALLZEROINSOLIDANALYTICGEOMETRYTHEORIENTATIONOFASTRAIGHTLINEISGIVENNOTBYONESLOPEBUTBYITSDIRECTIONCOSINES,AND,THECOSINESOFTHEANGLESTHELINEMAKESWITHTHEX,Y,ANDZAXES,RESPECTIVELYTHESESATISFYTHERELATIONSHIP2221INTHESAMEWAYTHATTHECONICSECTIONSARESTUDIEDINTWODIMENSIONS,THE17QUADRICSURFACES,EG,THEELLIPSOID,PARABOLOID,ANDELLIPTICPARABOLOID,ARESTUDIEDINSOLIDANALYTICGEOMETRYINTERMSOFTHEGENERALEQUATIONAX2BY2CZ2DXYEXZFYZPXQYRZS0THEMETHODSOFANALYTICGEOMETRYHAVEBEENGENERALIZEDTOFOURORMOREDIMENSIONSANDHAVEBEENCOMBINEDWITHOTHERBRANCHESOFGEOMETRYANALYTICGEOMETRYWASINTRODUCEDBYRENDESCARTESIN1637ANDWASOFFUNDAMENTALIMPORTANCEINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHECALCULUSBYSIRISAACNEWTONANDGWLEIBNIZINTHELATE17THCENTMORERECENTLYITHASSERVEDASTHEBASISFORTHEMODERNDEVELOPMENTANDEXPLOITATIONOFALGEBRAICGEOMETRYCIRCLE,CLOSEDPLANECURVECONSISTINGOFALLPOINTSATAGIVENDISTANCEFROMSOMEFIXEDPOINT,CALLEDTHECENTERACIRCLEISACONICSECTIONCUTBYAPLANEPERPENDICULARTOTHEAXISOFTHECONETHETERMCIRCLEISALSOUSEDTOREFERTOTHEREGIONENCLOSEDBYTHECURVE,MOREPROPERLYCALLEDACIRCULARREGIONTHERADIUSOFACIRCLEISANYLINESEGMENTCONNECTINGTHECENTERANDAPOINTONTHECURVETHETERMISALSOUSEDFORTHELENGTHROFTHISSEGMENT,IE,THECOMM