毕业论文-基于at89s52单片机的非接触式ic卡的读写

本科毕业论文（设计）题目基于单片机的非接触式IC卡的读写姓名学号20081003447院（系）机械与电子信息学院专业自动化指导教师职称讲师评阅人职称副教授2012年6月摘要非接触式IC卡是IC卡领域的一项新兴技术，它是射频识别技术和IC卡技术相结合的产物。由于非接触式IC卡具有操作快捷、抗干扰性强、工作距离远、安全性高、便于“一卡多用”等特点，在自动收费、身份识别和电子钱包等领域具有接触式IC卡所无法比拟的优越性，具有广阔的市场前景。非接触式IC卡读卡器是非接触式IC卡应用系统的关键设备之一。本论文介绍了非接触式IC卡其特点、种类、国际标准、关键技术、典型应用和发展趋势，重点介绍了PHILIPS公司的MIFARE技术，对MIFARE卡片和MIFARE非接触式IC卡的读写组件MFRC500进行了全面的阐述；在此基础上，论文详细地阐述了非接触式IC卡读卡器的硬件和软件设计，给出了每一部分的实际电路图和应用程序。读卡器的硬件设计包括数码管及LED状态显示电路、蜂鸣器驱动电路、MCU的连接、ZLG500AT读卡模块等几部分的设计，软件设计分为ZLG500AT模块的应用程序的设计和显示部分。关键词IC卡、非接触式、ZLG500AT读卡模块、读卡器ABSTRACTCONTACTLESSICCARDISONEKINDOFNEWTECHNOLOGYINTHEFIELDOFICCARD,WHICHISTHECOMBINATIONOFRFTECHNOLOGYANDICCARDTECHNOLOGYBECAUSECONTACTLESSICCARDHASSOMEADVANTAGESOVERCOMMONICCARDSUCHASITSHIGHWORKINGSPEED,GOODANTIJAMMINGQUALITY,LONGWORKINGDISTANCE,THEREWILLBEAGOODPROSPECTFORITINMANYFIELDSSUCHASAUTOMATICPRICING,IDENTITYDISTINGUISHING,ELECTRICWALLETANDSOONTHECONTACTLESSICCARDREADERISONEOFTHEKEYDEVICESOFACONTACTLESSICCARDSYSTEMATFIRSTTHISPAPERGENERALLYINTRODUCESTHEICCARD,INCLUDINGITSFEATURE,TYPE,INTERNATIONALSTANDARD,KEYTECHNOLOGYANDTYPICALUSAGEAFTERTHATTHEMIFARETECHNOLOGYDEVELOPEDBYPHILIPSSEMICONDUCTORSISINTRODUCEDINDETAILBASEDONTHESE,THEPAPERDISCUSSESTHEDESIGNOFTHECONTACTLESSICCARDREADERINDETAIL,INCLUDINGTHECIRCUITDESIGNANDSOFTWAREDESIGNTHEREADERSCIRCUITISMADEUPOFPOWERSUPPLYCIRCUIT,LEDANDDISPLAYCIRCUIT,BUZZERDRIVECIRCUIT,MCUINTERFACECIRCUIT,ZLG500ATREADWRITEMODULEANDSOONTHESOFTWAREDESIGNINCLUDESPROGRAMMINGOFZLG500ATMODULEANDPROGRAMMINGOFMAINPROGRAMKEYWORDSICCARD,CONTACTLESS,ZLG500ATREADWRITEMODULE,CARDREADER目录摘要3ABSTRACT4目录5第一章绪论711前言712IC卡的分类813非接触式IC卡8131非接触式IC卡的特点8132非接触式IC卡的关键技术914IC卡的国际标准9第二章MIFARE技术1121MIFARE1非接触式IC卡的功能组成11211RF射频接口电路11212数字电路模块1222MIFARE1卡片的存储结构1323MFRC500读写芯片简介14第三章硬件电路设计1531系统整体设计1532单片机最小系统介绍15321AT89S52简介15322单片机复位电路1633MAX7219及数码管显示16331MAX7219简介16332MAX7219与单片接口电路1834WBL500UG模块19341概述19342基本参数19343引脚定义19344编程说明20345通讯命令2135蜂鸣器、工作状态指示灯与单片机接口21351蜂鸣器驱动电路21352工作状态指示灯电路2236串口通信22361MAX232芯片简介22362硬件连接图23第四章软件设计2441非接触式IC卡处理子程序流程图2442显示子程序2443读写卡的实现26第五章系统调试2851串口通信2852硬件系统调试2853软件调试29第六章总结与展望30结束语31致谢32参考文献33附录A硬件电路图34附录B软件主程序35第一章绪论11前言IC卡的概念是70年代初提出来的1，法国布尔BULL公司于1976年首先创造出IC卡产品，并将这项技术应用到金融、交通、医疗、身份证明等多个行业，它将微电子技术和计算机技术结合在一起，提高了人们生活和工作的现代化程度。在此后的十几年间，除法国的布尔公司之外，世界上先后有MOTOROLA、TI、THOMSON、HITACHI、OKI、TOSHIBA、SHARP、ATMEL、GEMPLUS、SCHLUMBERGER、PHILIPS等十几家公司相继投入了智能卡芯片和卡片成品的开发与生产，形成了一个世界性的新兴技术产业。当前，用于信息处理的卡片种类繁多，而且基本上都采用了较新的技术，IC卡脱颖而出的原因在于它对于磁卡、PET卡、光卡和凸字卡等其它种类的卡具有以下突出的特点存储容量大安全性高。对网络的要求不高。正是由于这些特点，使得IC卡从诞生至今虽然只有短短数年，但其市场却遍布世界各地。在全球智能卡蓬勃发展之际，中国于1993年提出了“金卡工程”。金卡工程是以电子货币应用为重点的各类卡基应用系统工程，是为了实现电子货币大范围流通的跨部门、跨地区和跨世纪的系统工程。在“金卡工程”提出至今15年来，我国IC卡应用发展迅猛，累计发卡约15亿张，据不完全统计，仅2003年一年，我国发行使用各类IC卡约54亿张左右2。IC卡目前已在商贸、交通、电信、医疗、卫生保健、社会保险、金融、税务、工商、公安、组织机构代码和城市公共事业管理等许多领域得到广泛应用，并取得了初步的社会和经济效益。它对提高现代化管理水平和人民的生活质量，推动整个社会信息化进程具有重要作用。本课题正是在这种环境下提出的。12IC卡的分类IC卡可以按照多种方法进行分类3，根据卡中所镶嵌的集成电路的不同可以分成以下三类（1）存储器卡（2）逻辑加密卡（3）CPU卡严格意义讲，只有CPU卡才是真正的智能卡4。13非接触式IC卡131非接触式IC卡的特点非接触式IC卡无机械触点，通过无线方式与读写设备进行通讯，与接触式IC卡相比具有一下特点5（1）操作快捷卡与读卡器之间为无线通讯，使用时无需插拔卡及固定方向。（2）高抗干扰性非接触式IC卡具有防冲突机制，在多张卡片同时进入读卡器工作范围时能够防止卡片之间出现数据干扰，允许多张卡片同时操作，相对接触式IC卡增加了“并行”处理能力。（3）配合具体应用具有多种工作距离非接触式IC卡中既有作用距离为几米、可用于高速公路收费系统5中的远距离卡，又有作用距离为几厘米、可用于电子钱包的近距离卡，使得系统配置灵活多样。（4）高可靠性非接触式IC卡与读卡器之间无机械接触，避免了由于接触读写而产生的各种故障，同时无需担心由于触点损坏或脱落而导致卡片失效，提高了应用的可靠性及设备和卡的寿命。（5）可适合于多种应用接触式IC卡的存储结构的特点使其可以一卡多用，能用于不同的系统，用户可以根据不同的应用设置不同的密码和访问条件6。（6）高安全性非接触式IC卡的序列号是唯一的，制造商在产品出厂前将此序列号固化于卡内芯片中，不可再更改，使用时非接触式IC卡于读卡器要进行三次相互认证，而且通讯过程中所有的数据都加密，卡内各个扇区都有自己的操作密码和访问条件。132非接触式IC卡的关键技术非接触式IC卡的工作特点使其在设计和制造过程中存在一些技术难点，主要集中在芯片制造和卡片封装上，这些关键技术是（1）射频技术非接触式IC卡是射频技术和IC卡技术相结合的产物，非接触式IC卡的射频技术有以下特殊要求由于IC卡的尺寸限制，使大部分非接触式IC卡的内部不带电池，需要由读写设备通过无线方式供电，经过卡内的稳压电路产生芯片工作所需的直流电压。内部结构如图11图11非接触式IC卡内部结构（2）低功耗技术对于卡内有电池和无电池的非接触式IC卡来说降低芯片功耗以提高卡片寿命和保证一定的工作距离都非常重要。卡内芯片一般采取低压低功耗CMOS工艺制造，并在电路设计中采用“休眠模式”等技术以降低功耗。（3）封装技术由于非接触式IC卡中需要封装天线、芯片和片外电容等部件，为确保卡片的大小、厚度、柔韧性，需要特殊的封装技术。（4）安全技术非接触式IC卡以卡用芯片的物理安全技术、卡片制造的安全技术和卡的通讯安全技术这三个方面的内容构成其强大的安全技术。14IC卡的国际标准非接触式IC卡表面无触点，因此接口设备与非接触式卡的通信方式与接触式卡不同，提供电源的方式也不同，为此ISO/IEC根据接口设备与IC卡作用距离的不同而定义了三个国际标准，如表11所示表11非接触式IC卡国际标准标准卡类型作用距离（约）ISO/IEC10536密耦合010MMISO/IEC14443近耦合0100MMISO/IEC15693疏耦合01000MM其中ISO/IEC14443又分为TYPEA和TYPEB两个标准。本课题开发的非接触式IC卡读写设备即是基于ISO/IEC14443TYPEA标准的。第二章MIFARE技术21MIFARE1非接触式IC卡的功能组成如图21所示为MIFARE1S50非接触式IC智能射频卡的功能组成图7。图21MIFARE1S50非接触式IC智能射频卡的功能组成图整个卡片包含了两个部分，RF射频接口电路和数字电路部分。211RF射频接口电路在RF射频接口电路中，主要包括有波形转换模块。它可将卡片读卡器上的1356MHZ的无线电调制频率接收，一方面送调制/解调模块，另一方面进行波形转换，将正弦波转换为方波，然后对其整流滤波，由电压调节模块对电压进行进一步的处理，包括稳压等，最终输出供给卡片上的各电路。POR模块主要是对卡片上的各个电路进行POWERONRESET（上电复位），使各电路同步启动工作。212数字电路模块（1）ATR模块ANSWERTOREQUEST请求之应答当一张MIFARE1卡片处在卡片读卡器的天线的工作范围之内时，程序员控制读卡器向卡片发出REQUESTALL或REQUESTSTD命令后，卡片的ATR将启动，将卡片BLOCK0中的卡片类型（TAGTYPE）号传送给读卡器，建立卡片与读卡器的第一步通信联络。（2）ANTICOLLISION模块防卡片重叠功能如果有多张MIFARE1卡片处在读卡器的天线的工作范围之内时，ANTICOLLISION模块的防重叠功能将被启动工作。（3）SELECTAPPLICATION模块主要用于卡片的选择（4）AUTHENTICATIONSBITMAX7219_PINCSP11SBITMAX7219_PINDINP10VOIDDELAY_XMSUINTXUINTI,JFORI0I1IMAX7219_PINCLK0MAX7219_PINDINDATADATADATA/INCLUDE“INTRINSH“DEFINEUCHARUNSIGNEDCHARDEFINEUINTUNSIGNEDINTSBITUART_RX_BITP30SBITUART_TX_BITP31SBITMAX7219_PINCLKP22SBITMAX7219_PINCSP21SBITMAX7219_PINDINP20UINTJGE0UCHARRXBUFF23,RECEIVE23UCHARTMPRESULTUCHARSEARMODE0X01,CARDBLOCK0X04,KEYTYPE00/全局变量/DEFINEOKTF0/DEFINETIMER0_ENABLETH0TL0,TR01/DEFINETIMER0_DISABLETR00VOIDINITUARTVOIDUART_RX_BIT1UART_TX_BIT1VOIDDELAY_XMSUINTXUINTI,JFORI0I1IMAX7219_PINCLK0MAX7219_PINDINDATADATADATA1WHILEI1IFUART_RX_BITICH|0X80I/OK0/WHILEOKDELAY104USUART_RX_BIT1/TIMER0_DISABLERETURNICHVOIDCOMMU_TESTVOIDUCHARIUCHARTXBUFF8/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X04TXBUFF20TXBUFF30X60TXBUFF40TXBUFF50TXBUFF60FORI0I6ITXBUFF6TXBUFFITXBUFF70X0DFORI0I8ISENDCHARTXBUFFIFORI0I5IRXBUFFIRECEICHARIFRXBUFF20X01WRITE_MAX72191,1/CARDSTATUS0X01/COMMAND3C04017000寻卡模式00IDLE或01ALL00BCC0D/VOIDSEARCH_CARDUCHARCARDNUM/VOIDTURNON_BELLUCHARTIME/VOIDTURNON_LEDUCHARTIMEUCHARI,JUCHARTXBUFF9/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X04TXBUFF20X01TXBUFF30X70TXBUFF4SEARMODE/SEARCHMODETXBUFF50TXBUFF60FORI0I6ITXBUFF6TXBUFFITXBUFF70X0DFORI0I8ISENDCHARTXBUFFI/RIGHT3C05四字节卡号00BCC0D/ERROR3C01FF错误返回代码BCC0D/FORI0I9IRXBUFFIRECEICHARIFRXBUFFI0X0DIFI8WRITE_MAX72192,1/TURNON_BELL0X55/TURNON_LED0X55/CARDSTATUS0X01FORJ0J4JCARDNUMRXBUFF2JELSEBREAK/密码验证/下传命令3C0E016C六字节密码00A密码或B密码0104块号四字节卡号BCC0D/成功返回3C020000BCC0D/错误返回3C01FF错误代码BCC0D/VOIDPSD_VERIFYUCHARCARDK,UCHARCARDNUMUCHARIUCHARTXBUFF23/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X0ETXBUFF20X01TXBUFF30X6CFORI4I10ITXBUFFICARDK/CARDSKEYSTXBUFF10KEYTYPETXBUFF11CARDBLOCKFORI0I4ITXBUFF12ICARDNUMTXBUFF160FORI0I16ITXBUFF16TXBUFFITXBUFF170X0DFORI0I18ISENDCHARTXBUFFI/RIGHT3C020000BCC0D/ERROR3C01FF错误返回代码BCC0D/FORI0I6IRXBUFFIRECEICHARIFRXBUFFI0X0DIFI5WRITE_MAX72193,1/CARDSTATUS0X01ELSEBREAK/COMMAND3C04016600绝对块号00BCC0D/VOIDREAD_CARDVOIDUCHARIUCHARTXBUFF8/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X04TXBUFF20X01TXBUFF30X66TXBUFF4CARDBLOCK/SEARCHMODETXBUFF50TXBUFF60FORI0I6ITXBUFF6TXBUFFITXBUFF70X0DFORI0I8ISENDCHARTXBUFFI/RIGHT3C1200DATA0DATA15BCC0D/ERROR3C01FF错误返回代码BCC0D/FORI0I21IRXBUFFIRECEICHARRECEIVEIRXBUFFIIFRXBUFFI0X0DIFI4BREAKIFI20WRITE_MAX72194,1JGE1/COMMAND3C13016700绝对块号DATA0DATA15BCC0D/VOIDWRITECARDUCHARDATAUCHARIUCHARTXBUFF23/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X13TXBUFF20X01TXBUFF30X67TXBUFF4CARDBLOCK/SEARCHMODEFORI0I16ITXBUFF5IDATATXBUFF210FORI0I21ITXBUFF21TXBUFFITXBUFF220X0DFORI0I23ISENDCHARTXBUFFI/RIGHT3C020000BCC0D/ERROR3C01FF错误返回代码BCC0D/FORI0I6IRXBUFFIRECEICHARIFRXBUFFI0X0DIFI5WRITE_MAX72195,1/CARDSTATUS0X01ELSEBREAK/COMMAND3C0401680000510DVOIDTURNOFF_CARDVOIDUCHARIUCHARTXBUFF8/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X04TXBUFF20X01TXBUFF30X68TXBUFF40/SEARCHMODETXBUFF50TXBUFF60X51TXBUFF70X0DFORI0I8ISENDCHARTXBUFFI/RIGHT3C0200003E0D/ERROR3C01FF错误返回代码BCC0D/FORI0I6IRXBUFFIRECEICHARIFRXBUFFI0X0DIFI5WRITE_MAX72196,1/CARDSTATUS0X01ELSEBREAK/COMMAND3C03016D55060DVOIDTURNON_LEDUCHARTIMEUCHARIUCHARTXBUFF7/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X03TXBUFF20X01TXBUFF30X6DTXBUFF4TIME/TIMETXBUFF50FORI0I5ITXBUFF5TXBUFFITXBUFF60X0DFORI0I7ISENDCHARTXBUFFI/RIGHT3C0200003E0D/ERROR3C01FF错误返回代码BCC0D/FORI0I6IRXBUFFIRECEICHARIFRXBUFFI0X0DIFI5WRITE_MAX72197,1/CARDSTATUS0X01ELSEBREAK/COMMAND3C03016B55060DVOIDTURNON_BELLUCHARTIMEUCHARIUCHARTXBUFF7/CARDSTATUS0TXBUFF00X3CTXBUFF10X03TXBUFF20X01TXBUFF30X6BTXBUFF4TIME/TIMETXBUFF50FORI0I5ITXBUFF5TXBUFFITXBUFF60X0DFORI0I7ISENDCHARTXBUFFI/RIGHT3C0200003E0D/ERROR3C01FF错误返回代码BCC0D/FORI0I6IRXBUFFIRECEICHARIFRXBUFFI0X0DIFI5WRITE_MAX72198,1/CARDSTATUS0X01ELSEBREAKMAINUCHARIUCHARCARDNO4,CARDKEY6,CARDDATA161,2,3,5,78,97,56,212,178,23,2,1,0,77,56,45INITUARTINIT_MAX7219DELAY_XMS2000WRITE_MAX72190X0F,0X00FORI0I6ICARDKEYI0XFF/FORI0I16ICARDDATAIIFORI0I4ICARDNOI0TMPRESULT0XFFWRITE_MAX72191,9WRITE_MAX72192,9WRITE_MAX72193,9WRITE_MAX72194,9WRITE_MAX72195,9WRITE_MAX72196,9WRITE_MAX72197,9WRITE_MAX72198,9DELAY_XMS1000FORFORI0I8IWRITE_MAX7219I1,0/TMPRESULT0XBFCOMMU_TEST/SETRESCARDSTATUS,1DELAY10MS1/DISPLAYTMPRESULTSEARCH_CARDCARDNO/SETRESCARDSTATUS,3DELAY10MS1/DISPLAYTMPRESULTPSD_VERIFYCARDKEY,CARDNO/SETRESCARDSTATUS,4DELAY10MS1/DISPLAYTMPRESULTREAD_CARD/SETRESCARDSTATUS,5DELAY10MS1/DISPLAYTMPRESULTWRITECARDCARDDATA/SETRESCARDSTATUS,6DELAY10MS1/DISPLAYTMPRESULTTURNOFF_CARD/SETRESCARDSTATUS,7DELAY10MS1IFJGE1JGE0FORI0I16IWRITE_MAX72191,RECEIVEI310WRITE_MAX72192,RECEIVEI3100/10WRITE_MAX72193,RECEIVEI3/100DELAY10MS100/DISPLAYTMPRESULTTURNON_BELL0X55TURNON_LED0X55您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O_O谢谢ALARGEGROUPOFTEAMERCHANTSONCAMELSANDHORSESFROMNORTHWESTCHINASSHAANXIPROVINCEPASSTHROUGHASTOPONTHEANCIENTSILKROAD,GANSUSZHANGYECITYDURINGTHEIRJOURNEYTOKAZAKHSTAN,MAY5,2015THECARAVAN,CONSISTINGOFMORETHAN100CAMELS,THREEHORSEDRAWNCARRIAGESANDFOURSUPPORTVEHICLES,STARTEDTHETRIPFROMJINGYANGCOUNTYINSHAANXIONSEPT19,2014ITWILLPASSTHROUGHGANSUPROVINCEANDXINJIANGUYGURAUTONOMOUSREGION,ANDFINALLYARRIVEINALMATY,FORMERLYKNOWNASALMAATA,THELARGESTCITYINKAZAKHSTAN,ANDDUNGANINZHAMBYLPROVINCETHETRIPWILLCOVERABOUT15,000KILOMETERSANDTAKETHECARAVANMORETHANONEYEARTOCOMPLETETHECARAVANISEXPECTEDTORETURNTOJINGYANGINMARCH2016THENTHEYWILLCOMEBACK,CARRYINGSPECIALTYPRODUCTSFROMKAZAKHSTANASMALLARTTROUPEFOUNDEDSIXDECADESAGOHASGROWNINTOAHOUSEHOLDNAMEINTHEINNERMONGOLIAAUTONOMOUSREGIONINTHE1950S,ULANMUQIRARTT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