八年级(下)新目标英语单元重点短语、句型及语法讲解汇总(units6-10)--

八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇（UNITS610）UNIT6HOWLONGHAVEYOUBEENCOLLECTINGSHELLS1RAISEMONEY筹钱2COLLECTSTAMPS集邮3RUNOUTOF用尽4BYTHEWAY顺便说一下5ONTHEWAYTO在的路上6BEINTERESTEDIN对感兴趣7MORETHANOVER超过8FLYKITES放风筝9THREEANDAHALFYEARSTHREEYEARSANDAHALF三年半10APAIROFSKATES/SHOES/GLASSES/TROUSERS/JEANS一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤HOWMUCHISAPAIROFSKATES/SHOES/GLASSES/TROUSERS/JEANSHOWMUCHDOESATHISPAIROFSKATES/SHOES/GLASSES/TROUSERS/JEANSCOSTHOWMUCHARETHESKATES/SHOES/GLASSES/TROUSERS/JEANSHOWMUCHDOTHESKATES/SHOES/GLASSES/TROUSERS/JEANSCOST本单元目标句型HOWLONGHAVEYOUBEENSKATING你滑冰有多长时间了1IVEBEENSKATINGSINCENINEOCLOCK/SINCEIWASFOURYEARSOLD我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。2IVEBEENSKATINGFORFIVEHOURS我一直滑了五小时。3THEMOREILEARNABOUTCHINESEHISTORY,THEMOREIENJOYLIVINGINCHINA我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。本单元语法讲解现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。现在完成进行式结构HAVE/HASBEENDOING1IHAVEBEENWRITINGTHELETTERSINCETHEN从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）2IHAVEBEENCOLLECTINGSTAMPSFORTENYEARS自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。3HOWLONGHAVEYOUBEENLIVINGHERE你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）UNIT7WOULDYOUMINDTURNINGDOWNTHEMUSIC1TURNDOWN/TURNUP关小声/调大声音（电器）2TURNON/TURNOFF打开/关闭（电器）3MOVETHEBIKE移动自行车4INAMINUTE/RIGHTAWAY/INNOTIME立刻,马上5BELATEFORSCHOOL/CLASSARRIVELATEFORSCHOOL上学/上课迟到6WAITINLINESTANDINLINE排队等候7CUTINLINEJUMPAQUEUE插队8GETMAD/ANNOYED变得生气9HAPPENTOSB发生在身上10HALFANHOUR半小时11ATFIRST首先12ATLASTINTHEENDFINALLY最后13ALLOWSBTODO/NOTTODOSTH允许某人做/不做某事14BEALLOWEDTODO/NOTTODOSTH某人不被允许某人做/不做某事15INPUBLIC当众地；公开地；公然地16INPUBLICPLACES在公共场所17BREAKTHERULE不遵守规则18PICKUP捡起19PUTOUT熄灭20DROPLITTER扔垃圾21KEEPTHEVOICEDOWN控制声音本单元目标句型全椒三中许俊华英语资料，版权所有HOTLINE139055026981WOULDYOUMINDCLEANINGTHEYARD你介意打扫院子吗2NOTATALLILLDOITRIGHTAWAY一点也不我马上就扫3WOULDYOUMINDNOTPLAYINGBASEBALLHERE你介意不要在这打棒球吗4SORRY,WELLGOANDPLAYINTHEPARK对不起，我们到公园去打5COULDYOUPLEASEMAKEDINNER请做晚饭好吗6THATSNOPROBLEM没问题7COULDYOUPLEASENOTFEEDTHEDOGWOULDYOUMINDNOTFEEDINGTHEDOGWOULDYOUPLEASENOTFEEDTHEDOGPLEASEDONTFEEDTHEDOG,WILLYOU请不要喂狗好吗全椒三中许俊华英语资料常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结使用ING分词的几种情况1在进行时态中。如1HEISWATCHINGTVINTHEROOM2THEYWEREDANCINGATNINEOCLOCKLASTNIGHT2在THEREBE结构中。如THEREISABOYSWIMMINGINTHERIVER3在HAVEFUN/PROBLEMS结构中。如WEHAVEFUNLEARNINGENGLISHTHISTERMTHEYHADPROBLEMSGETTINGTOTHETOPOFTHEMOUNTAIN4在介词后面。如THANKSFORHELPINGMEAREYOUGOODATPLAYINGBASKETBALLWHAT/HOWABOUTDOINGSTH做某事怎么样IAMINTERESTEDINPLAYINGFOOTBALL5在以下结构中1ENJOYDOINGSTH喜欢做某事；2FINISHDOINGSTH；完成做某事；3FEELLIKEDOINGSTH想要做某事；4STOPDOINGSTH停止做某事（原来的事）5FORGETDOINGSTH忘记做过某事；6GOONDOINGSTH继续做某事（原来的事）；7REMEMBERDOINGSTH记得做过某事；8LIKEDOINGSTH喜欢做某事；9FIND/SEE/HEAR/WATCHSBDOING发现/看到/听到/观看某人做10TRYDOINGSTH试图做某事；11NEEDDOINGSTH需要做某事；12PREFERDOINGSTH宁愿做某事；13MINDDOINGSTH介意做某事；14MISSDOINGSTH错过做某事；15PRACTICEDOINGSTH练习做某事；16BEBUSYDOINGSTH忙于做某事；17CANTHELPDOINGSTH禁不住做某事；18WASTETIME/MONEYDOING浪费时间/金钱做19KEEPSBDOING让始终/一直做20STOPSBFROMDOING阻止某人做某事21PREFERDOINGBTODOINGBLIKEABETTERTHANA喜欢做A更喜欢做B22“DOSOMEDOING”短语如DOSOMESHOPPING/DOSOMEWASHING/DOSOMEREADING/DOSOMEPRACTICING/DOSOMECLEANING/DOSOMESPEAKING23“GODOING”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如GOSHOPPING/GOFISHING/GOSWIMMING/GOHIKING/GOSKATING/GOCAMPING/GOSKIING（滑雪/GOBOATING/GOHUNTING打猎注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配IFEELAM/WASEXCITED/SURPRISED/AMAZED/INTERESTED/TIRED/PLEASED/WORRIED/LOSTKEEPCLOSED/ABOYCALLED/NAMEDTOMUNIT8WHYDONTYOUGETHERASCARF1FALLASLEEP入睡2GIVEAWAY赠送；分发3RATHERTHAN宁愿而不是，胜于4WOULDDORATHERTHANDO宁愿不愿做5HEAROF听说6MAKEFRIENDSWITH和交友7PHOTOALBUM像册8TOOPERSONAL太私人化9NOTINTERESTINGENOUGH不够有趣10MAKEASPECIALMEAL做一顿特别的饭11AN8YEAROLDCHILD一个六岁的孩子12THESEDAYS最近13NOTATALL根本不14DIFFERENTKINDSOF不同种类15MAKEHERHAPPY使她高兴16SOMEONEELSE别人（ELSE总是后置）17IMPROVEENGLISH提高英语18INDIFFERENTWAYS以不同的方式19ENCOURAGESBTODO鼓励某人做20MAKEPROGRESS取得进步21TAKEANINTERESTIN/BEINTERESTEDIN对感兴趣常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结固定用法非谓语动词以下是带TO的动词不定式常见搭配希望做某事HOPETODOSTH决定做某事DECIDETODOSTH同意做某事AGREETODOSTH需要某人做某事NEEDTODOSTH使用某物做某事USESTHTODOSTH迫不及待做某事CANTWAITTODO准备做某事GET/BEREADYTODO尽力/努力做某事TRYTODOSTH计划做某事PLANTODOSTH不得不HAVETODO轮流做某事TAKEONESTURNSTODOSTH拒绝做某事REFUSETODOSTH告诉某人做某事TELLSBTODOSTH请某人做某事ASKSBTODOSTH希望某人做某事WISHSBTODOSTH想要某人做某事WANT/WOULDLIKESBTODOSTH同意某人做某事AGREESBTODOSTH教某人做某事TEACHSBTODOSTH喜欢/想要某人做某事LIKESBTODOSTH帮助某人做某事HELPSBTODOSTH/HELPSBDOENCOURAGESBTODO鼓励某人做ITSONESTURNTODOSTH轮到某人做某事例句ITYOURTURNTOCLEANTHEBLACKBOARDITSTIMEFORSBTODOSTH是某人做某事时候了例句ITSTIMEFORMETOGOHOMEITSADJFOR/OFSBTODOSTH对于某人来说做某事是（当ADJ是表示性格、品德的形容词时用OF）例句ITISEASYFORMETOLEARNITWELLITISVERYKIND/FOOLISH/NICEOFYOUTODOSOITTAKESSBSOMETIMETODOSTH某人做某事花了某时间例句1ITTAKESMEANHOURTOGETTOSCHOOLBYBIKE2ITTOOKMEANHOURTOWATCHTVLASTNIGHT3ITWILLTAKEHERTWOWEEKSTOFINISHTHEWORKTOOADJ/ADVTODOSTH太而不能例HEWASTOANGRYTOSAYAWORDFIND/THINK/FEELITADJTODOSTH发现/认为/感到做某事是例IFIND/THINK/FEELITHARDTOLEARNENGLISHWELL序数词TODO第个做某事例句WHOISTHEFIRSTTOGETTHERE我不知/忘记了怎么办。IDIDNTKNOW/FORGOTWHATTODO离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯例句DONTFORGET/REMEMBERTOTURNOFFTHELIGHTSWHENYOULEFTTHEROOMBEADJTODOSTH例句IAMVERYSORRYTOHEARTHATIAMREADYTOHELPOTHERSIAMHAPPY/PLEASED/GLADTOMEETYOU顺口溜本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用IT，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把TO甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加FORSB；TO前NOT是否定，各种用法区别开。以下是不带TO的动词不定式即动词原形的常见用法UNIT9HAVEYOUEVERBEENTOANAMUSEMENTPARK1TAKEARIDE兜风2ENDUP结束3TAKEAHOLIDAY/VACATION度假4ALLYEARROUND全年5SUCHAS例如6AZOOCALLED/NAMED一个叫做的动物园7DURINGTHEDAYTIME在白天8WAKEUP醒来9WAKESOMEBODYUP唤醒/叫醒某人10HAVEAGREAT/NICE/WONDERFUL/GREATTIME玩得高兴11AWONDERFULPLACETOTAKEAHOLIDAY/TOVISIT一个度假/游览的好地方12ANENGLISHSPEAKINGCOUNTRY一个讲英语的国家13BEASLEEPFALLASLEEP睡着14THREEQUARTERSOFTHEPOPULATIONARECHINESE四分之三的人口是中国人（谓语动词用复数形式）15WHATSTHEPOPULATIONOFCHINA中国的人口是多少（不用HOWMUCH提问）16THEPOPULATIONOFCHINAIS13BILLION中国的人口是13亿。（谓动词用单形式）本单元语法讲解现在完成时1现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。本时态标志词ALREADY（“已经”，用于肯定句中，放在HAVE/HAS之后或句尾）；YET（“仍然”“还”，用于疑问句或否定句的句尾）JUST（“刚刚”，放在HAVE/HAS之后）；BEFORE（“以前”，放在句尾）；EVER（“曾经”，放在HAVE/HAS之后）NEVER（“从没有”，在HAVE/HAS之后）例句1OURTEACHERHASJUSTLEFT2WEHAVESTUDIEDENGLISHALREADY3IHAVENOTFINISHEDTHEHOMEWORKYET4HEHASNEVERBEENTOBEIJINGBEFORE2某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示一段时间的表达方法有两种FOR一段时间FORAYEARFORTWOWEEKSFORTHREEYEARSSINCE过去的某一时刻,SINCENINESINCELASTWEEKSINCE一般过去时态的时间状语从句SINCEYOUCAMESINCEYOUGOTHOME注意结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词1直接用延续性动词BUYHAVE；CATCHGETACOLDHAVEACOLD；BORROWKEEP；BECOMEBE；PUTONWEAR2转换成BE名词JOINTHEARMYBEASOLDIER；JOINTHEPARTYBEAPARTYMEMBER；GOTOSCHOOLBEASTUDENT3转换成BE形容词或副词DIEBEDEAD；FINISHBEOVER；BEGINBEON；LEAVEBEAWAY；FALLSLEEPBEASLEEPCLOSEBECLOSEDCOMETO/GOTO/ARRIVEATIN某地BEINAT某地4转换成BE介词短语GOTOSCHOOLBEINSCHOOL；GETUP_BEUP；现在完成时态常见标志词1ALREADY（已经）,JUST（刚刚）,NEVER（从未/从没有）,EVER（曾经）,YET（仍然/还）,BEFORE（以前（句尾时）2SINCE点时刻或从句FOR段时间HOWLONG（疑问句中用来提问SINCE/FOR短语的）3SOFAR；TILLNOW；BYNOW（到目前为止；迄今）4RECENTLY近来INTHEPAST/LAST段时间在过去的几年中5ONCE一次，TWICE,THREEFOURTIMES6ITISTHE最高级NTHATSBHAVEEVERDONE例WHATSTHEBESTGIFTYOUHAVEEVERRECEIVED你曾收到的最好礼物是什么UNIT10ITSANICEDAY,ISNTIT1FEELLIKEDOINGWANTTODOSTHLIKETODOSTH/LIKEDOINGSTH2HAVEAHARD/DIFFICULTTIMEDOINGSTH费了很大劲做某事3HAVEPROBLEMDOINGSTH做某事有困难4HAVEFUNDOINGSTH乐于做某事5NEEDTODOSTH需要做某事（主语是人，强调主动）6NEEDDOINGNEEDTOBEDONE需要被（主语是物，强调被动）7LOOKTHROUGH浏览8GETALONG/ONWELL相处得好9GOTHROUGH穿过（空间/房间/森林等）10GOPAST经过/路过11THEPRICEISHIGH/LOW价格高/低12DO/TRYONESBESTTODOSTH努力/尽力做某事反意疑问句定义反意疑问句又名附加疑问句。属疑问句的一种，表示说话者对某事有一定看法，但又不完全确定，需要对方加以证实。其基本结构为陈述句一般疑问句的简略形式。结构前肯后否或前否后肯，回答时根据事实而定，事实是肯定的就用YES,事实是否定的就用NO特殊用法1祈使句。祈使句后一般加上WILLYOU或WONTYOU构成反意疑问句，陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，用WILLYOU。LET引导的祈使句有两种情况1LETS,后的反意疑问句用SHALLWE例如LETSGOHOME,SHALLWE2LETUS/ME后的反意疑问句用WILLYOU或WONTYOU。例如LETMEHAVEATRY,WILLYOU/WONTYOU让我试一试，行吗（2）感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用BE的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如WHATFINEWEATHER,ISNTIT多好的天气啊，是吧（3）陈述部分主、谓语是IAM时，反意疑问句用ARENTI例如IMWORKINGNOW,ARENTI我在工作，是吗（4）陈述部分的主语是EVERYTHING,NOTHING,ANYTHING或SOMETHING时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词IT。例如SOMETHINGISWRONGWITHMYRADIO,ISNTIT我的收音机出毛病了，是吧（5）陈述部分的主语是EVERYBODY,EVERYONE,ANYBODY,ANYONE,SOMEBODY,SOMEONE,NOBODY,NOONE,NONE,NEITHER时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词THEY。例如EVERYONEISHERE,ARENTTHEY大家都到了，是吗NOONEKNOWSABOUTIT,DOTHEY没有人知道这件事，对吗6陈述部分的主语是指示代词THIS或THAT时，反意疑问句的主语用IT，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词THESE或THOSE时，其反意疑问句的主语用THEY。例如THISISAPLANE,ISNTIT这是一架飞机，是吗THESEAREGRAPES，ARENTTHEY这些是葡萄，是吗7当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时FEW