磁粉检测 通用工艺规程 毕业论文1

A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7毕业设计（论文）（2012届）设计论文题目磁粉检测通用工艺规程系部机械工程技术系班级无损检测0911学生姓名指导教师二0一二年六月一日A8A9A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A171摘要磁粉检测是将钢铁等铁磁性材料制作的工件予以磁化，利用其缺陷部位能吸附磁粉的特征，依磁粉分布显示被探测物体表面缺陷和近表面缺陷的探伤方法，缩写为MT。我国近年来磁粉检测设备发展也很快，已实现了系列化，三项全波直流探伤超低频退磁设备的性能已打到国外同类设备的水平。交流探伤就机用于剩磁法检验时加装断电相位控制器保证剩磁稳定是我国的特色。断电相位控制器利用可控硅技术，可以代替自藕变压器无级调节磁化电流，还为我国磁粉检测设备的电子化和小型化G1325G1902了G1902G1156。G4390能化设备已G3219G1057G4075用G1691电G3137G2637G3533G3774G3245G953的磁粉探伤机已G3929制G1102G1631。用电G2711G1161G2360磁G1778现实的G3275验G3929G2126G4117很G1238的G2089展，自G1358化和G854自G1358化设备G4117G994G3186G4075用。铁磁材料工件被磁化G1802，G4110于G994G2389G3875性的G1225G4221，G3248工件表面和近表面的磁G1579G4075G3756发G3219G2149部G1904变G1431G1057G3219G2480磁G1062，吸附G3232加G4221工件表面的磁粉，G4221G1766G3265的G1691G4310G3727G3833G1102G2690G3274可G1998的磁G1778，G1206G1431显示G1147G994G2389G3875性的位G4386G99G1238小G99G3833G4465和G3928G4407G1105G1383。磁粉检测的G4393G2408控制，是G2009G2379G4221G1395G4085G3769磁粉检测G2450G2649G1383和检测可G2220性的G4429G4057G3373G4431G1617G1305加以控制G1902G1156G4365G3176的。磁粉检测的能G2383，G3036G2181于G3232加磁G1062的G1238小和缺陷的G3932G3205方G3775，还G4144缺陷的位G4386G99G1238小和G3833G4465等G4057G3373G4117G1681。G1620G2156工件的G1931G1765G3833G4465G99G1124G1226G1238小和G4160发现缺陷的方G3775G1431G4221工件G3176G2009G2379的磁G1062方G3775，将磁化方法G4002G846分为G4411G3775磁化G99G4506G3775磁化和G1407G3775磁化。G3406G3628G4411G3775G4144G4506G3775，是相G1395被检工件G3176的磁G1062G1431G3933的。磁粉检测器材G4117磁粉G271G4080G1691磁粉和G1476G4080G1691磁粉G272G99G4219G4001G271G4114G1902G4219G4001和水G4219G4001G272磁G3879G4001G99G1457G1045G4249G2972G1940G99G947G4473G3275G2859和G947G4473G3275G2262等等。磁粉检测设备的分类G3833G3252也G994G4002G3970，G1064G1998的磁粉检测设备G4117G3802G1243G3252探伤机G3106电磁G6210G99交叉磁G6210G99G1243电极触头的小型磁粉探伤机或永久磁铁等。关键词磁粉检测设备器材工艺规G1105A18A19A20A21A22A23A24A25A26A272ABSTRACTMAGNETICPARTICLETESTINGISMADEOFFERROMAGNETICMATERIALSSUCHASSTEELSHALLBEWORKPIECEMAGNETIZEDANDUSETHEDEFECTIVEPARTSCANABSORBTHECHARACTERISTICSOFMAGNETICPOWDER,MAGNETICPOWDERDISTRIBUTIONACCORDINGTOSHOWISTODETECTTHEOBJECTSURFACEDEFECTSANDNEARSURFACEDEFECTSDETECTIONMETHODABBREVIATIONFORMT。INRECENTYEARSINCHINAMAGNETICPOWDERTESTINGEQUIPMENTDEVELOPMENTISSOON，HASREALIZEDTHESERIATION，THREEWHOLEWAVEDCTESTINGULTRALOWFREQUENCYEQUIPMENTPERFORMANCEHASHITDEMAGNETIZEDTOSIMILARFOREIGNEQUIPMENTLEVEL。EXCHANGEDETECTIONISTHEMACHINEUSEDTOTESTTHEPOWEROFRESIDUALMAGNETISMWHENPHASECONTROLLERENSURESTABILITYINOURCOUNTRYISTHECHARACTERISTICSOFRESIDUALMAGNETISM。THEPHASECONTROLLERUSINGTHYRISTORTECHNOLOGYPOWER，CANREPLACETHELOTUSROOTSTEPLESSADJUSTINGMAGNETIZATIONCURRENTTRANSFORMER，MAGNETICPOWDERDETECTIONEQUIPMENTFOROURCOUNTRYELECTRONICANDTHEBASICFOUNDATIONMINIATURIZATION。INTELLIGENTEQUIPMENTALREADYPRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONOPTOELECTRONICSCANNINGIMAGERECOGNITIONMAGNETICPOWDERFLAWDETECTORHASSUCCESSFULLYDEVELOPED。USINGTHECOMPUTERPROCESSINGMAGNETICIMAGEONTHETESTOFREALITYTOMUCHPROGRESS，AUTOMATIONANDHALFAUTOMATIONEQUIPMENTHASMANYAPPLICATIONS。THEFERROMAGNETICMATERIALSWORKPIECEMAGNETIZEDBYTHEEXISTENCEOFCONTINUITY，TOMAKETHEWORKSURFACEANDNEARSURFACEOFMAGNETICINDUCTIONLINETOOCCURFROMLOCALDISTORTIONLEAKAGEMAGNETICFIELD，ONTHESURFACEOFTHEADSORPTIONOFMAGNETICPOWDER，INTHERIGHTLIGHTVISUALVISIBLEMAGNETICIMAGEFORMATION,WHICHSHOWSTHELOCATIONOFTHECONTINUITYNOTSIZEANDSHAPEANDSEVERITY。THEMAGNETICPOWDERDETECTIONQUALITYCONTROL，ISBASEDONMAGNETICPOWDERDETECTIONSENSITIVITYANDINFLUENCETHEINSPECTIONRELIABILITYOFTHECATEGORIESTOTRYTOCONTROLFOUNDATION。MAGNETICPARTICLETESTINGABILITY，DEPENDSONTHESIZEOFTHEMAGNETICFIELDONTHEEXTENSIONDIRECTIONANDDEFECTS，ANDTHEPOSITIONOFTHEDEFECTSRELATEDTOSUCHFACTORSASTHESIZEANDSHAPE。ACCORDINGTOTHESIZEANDSHAPEOFTHETOTHEDIRECTIONOFDEFECTSFOUNDINTHEDIRECTIONOFTHEMAGNETICFIELDSETUP,WILLBEMAGNETIZEDMETHODAREGENERALLYWEEKSMAGNETIZEDLONGITUDINALMAGNETIZATIONANDTRAPTOSOCALLEDWEEKSWITHLONGITUDINALMAGNETIZATIONTO,ISARELATIVEOFWORKPIECEISONTHEPARTOFTHEMAGNETICFIELD。MAGNETICPARTICLETESTINGEQUIPMENTHAVEMAGNETICPOWDERFLUORESCENTPOWDERANDTHEFLUORESCENTPOWDERINLIQUIDWATERINLIQUIDANDCARRYINGOILBASELIQUIDMAGNETICLEVITATIONLIQUIDCONTRASTENHANCEMENTAGENTSTANDARDSPECIMENSANDSTANDARDTESTBLOCKSANDSOONMAGNETICPOWDERDETECTIONEQUIPMENTCLASSIFICATIONFORMISDIFFERENTALSO，COMMONMAGNETICPOWDERTESTINGEQUIPMENTPORTABLETESTINGA28A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A373MACHINESUCHASELECTROMAGNETICYOKECROSSMAGNETICYOKECONTACTSWITHELECTRODESSMALLMAGNETIC。THEMAGNETICPOWDERDETECTIONTECHNOLOGY,ITISTOPOINTTOINCLUDEMAGNETICPARTICLETESTINGPREPROCESSINGMAGNETIZEDCHOOSEMAGNETIZATIONMETHODANDMAGNETIZEDSTANDARDONTHEMAGNETICPOWDERORSUSPENSIONOFMAGNETICIMAGEOBSERVINGANDRECORDINGDEFECTSRATINGDEMAGNETIZATIONANDPOSTPROCESSINGSEVENTHEWHOLEPROCESSOFTHEPROGRAM。THETIMINGOFTHEMAGNETICPARTICLETESTINGSHOULDBEBASEDONTHEDIFFERENTMATERIALANDDECIDEONTHEWORKPIECEMAGNETIZEDMAGNETICPOWDERORSUSPENSIONMETHODHAVECONTINUOUSMETHODOFRESIDUALMAGNETISMDRYSPECIALEQUIPMENTMAGNETICPARTICLETESTINGUNIVERSALPROCESSPLANNINGSHOULDINCLUDEATLEASTTHEFOLLOWINGCONTENT；THEAPPLICABLESCOPE；REFERENCESTANDARDRULESANDREGULATIONS。TESTINGPERSONNELQUALIFICATION；DETECTIONEQUIPMENTANDMATERIALS；TESTSURFACEPREPARATION；TESTINGTIME；DETECTIONTECHNOLOGYANDDETECTIONTECHNOLOGY；THERESULTSOFDETECTIONLEVELSOFQUALITYEVALUATIONANDCLASSIFICATION；THERECORDOFINSPECTIONREPORTSANDDATAARCHIVE；PREPARELEVELAUDITSLEVELANDAPPROVAL；DATESET。KEYWORDSMAGNETICPARTICLETESTINGFACILITYEQUIPMENTTECHNOLOGICALPROCEDUREA28A29A30A31A34A35A36A37目录第一章概诉11磁粉检测的发展简史和现状112磁粉检测213表面无损检测方法的比较4第二章磁粉检测物理基础21磁粉探伤中的相关物理量422铁磁性材料623电流的磁场724漏磁场7第三章磁化电流和磁化方法31磁化电流932磁化方法1133总结14第四章磁粉检测器材41磁粉1442载液和磁悬液1443反差增强剂1544标准试片1545标准试块1646检测方法1747总结20第五章磁粉检测设备51磁粉检测设备的分类2152固定式探伤机的组成2253磁粉检测辅助器材2254总结23第六章磁粉检测工艺规程61磁粉检测的要技术文件2362磁粉检测工艺规程的编制24第七章课题结论、问题与建议71课题结论2572问题2573建议25参考文献26致谢27A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A471第一章概述国外国内都非常重视磁粉检测设备的开发，因为只有检测设备的进步，才能给磁粉检测带来成功的应用。磁粉检测设备从固定式、移动式到携带式，从半G14270动到G999用设备，从G2345G2533磁化到G3822G2533磁化，设备G5062G4466现G1114G13007G2027化和G2842G2709化。G3926G1182G6117国G4557磁粉检测的G3534G11796理论G11752G12362比较重视，G5062G2474G5483较G3835进步。G7041G16022和G3621性G2159G4410G3324无损检测G20058G3507的应用，为制定G7368G2524理的G1147G2709磁粉检测G20576G6922标准G6564G1391G1114G1393G6466。G6117G1216相G1461，磁粉检测G3324G10317G12193设备G15904G1006G4570G5483到G7368G2164G5203G8879的应用和重视，为G6523制G1147G2709G17148量，G19462G5751G1122G7422G9994G1582G1998应用的G17141G10498。11磁粉检测概述111磁粉检测的发展简史磁粉检测G7171G4570G19062铁G12573铁磁性材料制G1328的工件G1116G1209磁化，G2045用G1866G13582G19531G18108G1313能G2572G19480磁粉的G10317G5461，G1393磁粉分G5079G7186G12046G15999探测物G1319表面G13582G19531和G17829表面G13582G19531的探伤方法，G13565G1901为G48G55。G7081G709磁粉检测G7171G2045用磁现G16949来检测材料和工件中G13582G19531的方法。G7161G12191G6124国G7114G7411，中国G1166发现G1114磁G11719G2572铁现G16949。G7082G70917G1002G13438发国物理G4410G4490G4557磁G2159G1328G1114定量G11752G12362。G7083G70919G1002G13438G2033G7411，G1037G21626物理G4410G4490G3897G7043G10317发现G1114电流G2620G3272G1075G4396G3324G11540磁场。G2530来G14533国的法G6301G12544G20330G2031G1114磁G2159G13459的G8022G5577。G7084G7091935G5192，G8845磁悬液G3324G13666国开G3999G1363用。G7085G7091936G5192，法国有G1166G11015G16843G1114G3324G8712磁悬液中G9167G2164润湿剂和G19462锈剂的G999G2045。G7086G7091938G5192，无损检测论文集G3324德国G1998版，该书G4557磁粉检测的G3534本原理和装置进G15904G1114描述。G7087G7091940G5192，此份检G20576的原理教科书G3324G13666国G1998版。G7088G7091941G5192，荧光磁粉投入G1363用，磁粉检测从理论到G4466践，G5062经G2033步形成一G12193无损检测方法。G7089G7091949G5192G1209前，G6117国仅有几台G13666国进口的蓄电池式直流探伤机，用G1122航空工件的维修检查。10G17829几十G5192来，G3324G5203G3835磁粉检测工G1328者和设备器材制造者的共同努G2159下，磁粉检测G5062发展成为一G12193成熟的无损检测方法。112磁粉检测的现状随G11540现代科G4410技术的发展，尤G1866G7171电子计算机的G5203G8879应用G11752制G1998许G3822新的G14270动化与半G14270动化的探伤设备。新的探伤材料及新的探伤技术G1075不G7041涌现。国外很重视磁粉检测设备的开发，因为只有检测设备的进步，才能给磁粉检测带来成功的应用。现G3324国外磁粉探伤设备从固定式磁粉探伤机、移动式磁粉探伤机、到便携式磁粉探伤机，从半G14270动磁粉探伤机、全G14270动磁粉探伤机到G999用磁粉探伤设备，从G2345G2533磁化到G3822G2533磁化，设备G5062G13007G2027化和G2842G2709化。由G1122晶闸管G12573电子元器件用G1122磁粉检测设备，G1363智能化设备G3835量涌现，这些设备可G1209预置磁化规范和G2524理的工艺参数。进G15904荧光磁粉检测和G14270动化操G1328，国外还成功G12544御用电视光电探测器荧A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A472光磁粉扫查和激光飞点扫描G13007统，G4466现G1114磁粉检测观察阶段的G14270动化，G4570检测到的G1461息G3324微机和G1866他电子装置中进G15904处理，鉴别可剔除的不连续性，并进G15904G14270动标记和分选，完全改变G1114传统磁粉检测“手脚并用眼睛看”的面貌。G3835G3835G6564高G1114检测的灵敏度和可靠性，代表G1114当代磁粉检测的新成就。G6117国G17829G5192来磁粉检测设备发展G1075很快，G5062G4466现G1114G13007G2027化，三项全G8886直流探伤G17241G1314G20069G17876磁设备的性能G5062G6183到国外同类设备的G8712G5191。G1144流探伤就机用G1122G2109磁法检G20576G7114G2164装G7041电相G1313G6523制器G1457G16789G2109磁G12295定G7171G6117国的G10317G14406。G7041电相G1313G6523制器G2045用可G6523G11801技术，可G1209代G7379G14270G15273变G2399器无G13435G16855G14422磁化电流，还为G6117国磁粉检测设备的电子化和G4579G3423化G3892G3534G1114G3534G11796。智能化设备G5062G10995G1147应用光电扫描G3282G1699G16794别的磁粉探伤机G5062G11752制成功。用电G14053处理磁G11177现G4466的试G20576G11752G12362有很G3835的进展，G14270动化和半G14270动化设备有不G4581应用。磁粉检测的器材，国外开发的很G3822，G3926固定式磁粉探伤机G2524用的400G58G1931光G9316G21669光G9795都G5483到G1114应用。快G17907G7041电测量器的开发G16311G1927G1114直流磁化“快G17907G7041电G6940应”的测量问题。标准试片和试块，及测量G2109磁的磁G3693G1582载液。荧光磁粉一G14336G6524G14628G1363用14G36，国外还G11752制G1998G11345光下发荧光的荧光磁粉。荧光磁粉检测可靠性高、G17907度快，G3324国外G5062G7234G17953G1363用。G6117国G11752制的器材，G3926G47G51G58G163G2507磁粉检G20576载液G708无G14273G2631G8821有G709，性能G5062G5875伤国外同类G1147G2709，G3324国内很G3822G15904G1006G7234G17953G1363用。磁粉检测用G37G3423和G40G3423G11346准试块，性能和G6363标G3355由G1122国外同类G1147G2709。G5062G15999G6221准为“国G4490标准G7691G2709”，并G6524G5203G1363用。G54G5580G38G10043度计和G56G57G16G36G13055外G17764G10043计性能可G9397G17287要G8726。G481G3423G3822功能标准试片G1122国外G46G54234试片G12573G6940。G6117国G11752制的G60G38G162G3423荧光磁粉，灵敏度高，G9397G17287磁粉检测的要G8726，G5062G3835G2159G6524G5203G1363用。磁悬液G2955G9760G1363用方便，尤G1866G3324G10317G12193设备磁粉检测中G7234G17953应用。磁粉检测的G17148量G6523制，G7171建G12447G3324G4557G5445G2721磁粉检测灵敏度和检测可靠性的G16844因G13044G17892G1022G3332G2164G1209G6523制G3534G11796G1055G990的。国外非常重视，不仅制定G1114G1867G1319G6523制项G11458、G7669G20576G2620G7411和技术要G8726，还设有G17148量G11429G11575检查机制，G1457G16789G17155G5455G6203G15904，同G7114G17902G17819G4466践G4557G17148量G6523制技术要G8726进G15904G6357续改进。G3926几G5192前G13666国标准要G8726工件表面G11345光G10043度不G1314G1122200G14533G4622G9903光G7082100G47G91G709，现修G8503为100G14533G4622G9903光G7081000G47G59G709；G4570磁化规程由直G5464G8611G8639G1287130G9748G36电流修G8503G19489为12G9732G36G12573G12573。G1363磁粉检测标准的技术要G8726G7368G2164G2524理。G3926G1182G6117国G4557磁粉检测的G3534G11796理论G11752G12362比较重视，G5062G2474G5483较G3835进步。G7041G16022和G3621性G2159G4410G3324无损检测G20058G3507的应用，为制定G7368G2524理的G1147G2709磁粉检测G20576G6922标准G6564G1391G1114G1393G6466。G6117G1216相G1461，磁粉检测G3324G10317G12193设备G15904G1006G4570G5483到G7368G2164G5203G8879的应用和重视，为G6523制G1147G2709G17148量，G19462G5751G1122G7422G9994G1582G1998应用的G17141G10498。113磁粉检测原理铁磁材料工件G15999磁化G2530，由G1122不连续性的G4396G3324，G1363工件表面和G17829表面的磁G5875应G13459发G10995G4628G18108G11084变G13792G1147G10995漏磁场，G2572G19480G7057G2164G3324工件表面的磁粉，G3324G2524G17878的光G10043下形成G11458视可G16277的磁G11177，从G13792G7186G12046G1998不连续性的G1313置、G3835G4579、形状和G1017重程度。114磁粉检测G1363用范G3272A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A473G7081G709G17878用G1122检测铁磁性材料G708G392616G48G81G53，20G74G1530G38G85G48G81G54G76G36G709工件表面和G17829表面G4622G4556很G4579、G19400G19565G7509G12376G708G3926可检测G199801G80G80、宽为微G12871G13435的G16022纹G709和G11458视难G1209看G16277的G13582G19531。马氏G1319不锈G19062和沉淀硬化不锈G19062材料G39261G38G8517NG767G1867有磁性，因G13792可G1209进G15904磁粉检测。不G17878用G1122非磁性材料，比G3926G3897氏G1319不锈G19062材料G708G39261G38G8518NG769G150G38G8518NG769G55G76G709和用G3897氏G1319不锈G19062焊条焊接的焊缝，G1075不G17878用G1122检测铜铝、镁、钛G2524金G12573非磁性材料。G7082G709G17878用G1122检测工件表面和G17829表面的G16022纹，G11345点、发纹、折叠、G1931隔、气孔和夹杂G12573G13582G19531，但不G17878用G1122检测工件表面浅G13792宽的划伤、针孔状G13582G19531、埋藏较深的内G18108G13582G19531和延伸方G2533与磁G5875应G13459方G2533夹角G4579G112220的G13582G19531G7083G709G17878用G1122检测G7422G2164工的原材料G708G3926G19062坯G709和G2164工的半成G2709、成G2709件及G1363用G17819的工件及G10317G12193设备。G7084G709G17878用G1122检测管材、棒材、板材、G3423材和锻G19062件、铸G19062件及焊接件。115磁粉检测程序G7081G709预处理；G7082G709磁化；G7083G709G7057G2164磁粉或磁悬液；G7084G709磁G11177的观察与记录；G7085G709G13582G19531评G13435；G7086G709G17876磁；G7087G709G2530处理。116磁粉检测的优点及G4628限性G7081G709优点1G709可检测G1998铁磁性材料表面和G17829表面G708开口和不开口G709的G13582G19531。2能直观G3332G7186G12046G1998G13582G19531的G1313置、形状、G3835G4579和G1017重程度。3G1867有很高的检测灵敏度，可检测微G12871G13435宽度的G13582G19531。4G709G2345G1022工件检测G17907度快，工件简G2345，成本G1314廉，污染G4581。5G709采用G2524G17878的磁化方法，几乎可G1209检测到工件表面的各G1022G18108G1313，G3534本G990不受工件G3835G4579和几何形状的限制。6G709G13582G19531检测重复性好。7G709可检测受腐蚀的表面。G7082G709G4628限性1G709只G17878用G1122铁磁性材料，不能检测G3897氏G1319不锈G19062材料和G3897氏G1319不锈G19062焊缝及G1866他非铁磁性材料。2G709只能检测表面和G17829表面G13582G19531。3G709检测G7114的灵敏度与磁化方G2533有很G3835关G13007，若G13582G19531放G2533与磁化方G2533G17829似G5191G15904或G13582G19531与工件表面夹角G4579G112220，G13582G19531就难G1209发现。另外，表面浅G13792宽的划伤、锻造皱折G1075不易发现。4G709受几何形状G5445G2721，易G1147G10995非相关G7186G12046。A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A4745G709若工件表面有覆盖层，G4570G4557磁粉检测有不良G5445G2721。用G17902电法和触头法磁化G7114，易G1147G10995电弧，烧伤工件。因此，电接触G18108G1313的非导电覆盖层必须G6183磨掉。6G709G18108分磁化G2530G1867有较G3835的G2109磁的工件需要进G15904G17876磁处理。117磁粉探伤中的相关物理量磁性磁G1319、磁G7509、磁化。磁性磁铁能够G2572引铁磁性材料的性G17148叫磁性。磁G1319凡能够G2572引G1866他铁磁性材料的物G1319叫磁G1319。磁G7509靠G17829磁铁两端磁性G10317别强G2572G19480磁粉G10317别G3822的区G3507称为磁G7509。G8611一G4579块磁G1319总有两G1022磁G7509。磁化G1363原来G8821有磁性的物G1319G5483到磁性的G17819程叫磁化。磁场G1867有磁性G1328用的空G19400磁场的G10317G5461G7171G4557运动的电荷G708或电流G709G1867有G1328用G2159，G3324磁场变化的同G7114G1075G1147G10995电场。磁场的G7186G12046磁场的G3835G4579、方G2533和分G5079情况，可G1209G2045用磁G2159G13459来表G12046。磁场强度、磁G17902量与磁G5875应强度磁场强度磁场G1867有G3835G4579和方G2533，磁场G3835G4579和方G2533的总称叫磁场强度H，G17902常把G2345G1313G8503磁G7509所受的G2159称为磁场强度。G2345G1313为G36/G80G708G54IG709和OEG708G38GG54G709。磁G17902量简称磁G17902，它G7171磁场中垂直穿G17819某一截面的磁G2159G13459的条数，用符G2507表G12046。G2345G1313为G58BG708G54IG709和G48G91G708G38GG54G709。磁介G17148能G5445G2721磁场的物G17148称为磁介G17148。各G12193宏观物G17148都G7171磁介G17148。磁介G17148分为顺磁G17148、逆磁G17148G708抗磁G17148G709和铁磁G17148。磁粉探伤只G17878用G1122铁磁性材料，G17902常把顺磁性材料和逆磁性材料都G2027入非磁性材料。磁畴铁磁性材料内G18108G14270发磁化的G3835G4579和方G2533G3534本G3355匀一致的G4579区G3507称为磁畴，G1866G1319积约为10G165CG803，G3324这G1022G4579区G3507内，含有G3835约10121015G1022原子，各原子的磁化方G2533一致，G4557外呈现磁性。12液氯储罐的概述A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A47513表面无损检测方法的比较磁粉检测、渗透检测和涡流检测都属G1122表面无损检测方法，但G1866原理和G17878用范G3272区别很G3835，并且有各G14270G10432G10317的优点和G4628限性。所G1209无损检测G1166G2604应G6496G6581这三G12193检测方法，并能G7693G6466工件材料、状G5589、和检测要G8726，选G6333G2524理的方法进G15904检测。A48A49A50A51A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A49A50A52A53A54A55A59A60A61A62A63A64A65A66A67A68A69A70A71A72A65A66A67A73A69A70A74A75A65A66A67A76A69A70A59A60A77A78A63A79A80A81A82A83A71A72A80A81A84A63A85A86A80A81A87A81A88A89A90A63A91A88A92A93A94A95A91A88A92A96A84A88A92A97A65A66A98A99A100A101A102A103A104A105A102A103A100A101A102A103A106A107A100A101A102A103A108A102A109A100A101A86A81A110A111A112A113A114A115A116A113A114A115A117A118A114A119A88A115A120A88A115A121A88A115A122A123A114A115A124A125A126A114A108A127A81A128A99A129A130A126A114A65A66A131A132A93A94A95A91A88A92A126A114A108A127A81A128A99A129A130A126A114A65A66A119A88A133A88A120A88A134A126A114A65A66A135A88A92A136A137A65A138A104A139A140A135A141A142A66A143A134A144A145A65A66A100A101A146A147A115A148A147A115A149A150A115A151A152A115A153A154A155A115A156A157A146A147A115A149A150A115A158A159A160A95A115A153A154A155A146A147A115A88A89A161A162A141A142A161A162A163A164A100A101A99A165A88A63A64A71A72A166A104A163A167A168A169A170A171A164A172A165A173A84A117A102A100A101A102A174A175A176A177A63A178A179A180A63A64A175A181A63A182A71A72A166A99A183A71A133A184A185A98A84A117A104A186A187A99A161A162A100A101A163A164A188A189A188A189A190A188A189A100A101A91A89A191A192A97A193A194A195A196A97A193A194A195A196A197A198A191A192A199A200A142A201A202A201A202A203A65A66A204A142A202A205A206A207A205A67A208A209A210A162A70A211A212A202A213A202A214A207A213A215A216A65A66A217A218A190A219A126A114A217A132A104A100A101A59A220A99A221A222A223A65A66A224A99A199A200A142A225A63A162A59A220A226A207A193A227A228A65A138A190A219A126A114A217A132A175A136A104A100A101A59A220A99A229A230A135A190A81A231A84A232A233A234A87A81A235A174A178A65A138A110A175A136A236A154A99A126A114A190A87A81A232A226A237A238A239A86A229A230A135A93A123A240A60A65A66A241A242A243A244A245A246A247A248A249A250632磁化方法321磁场方G2533与发现G13582G19531的关G13007磁粉检测的能G2159，G2474G1927G1122G7057G2164磁场的G3835G4579和G13582G19531的延伸方G2533，还与G13582G19531的G1313置、G3835G4579和形状G12573因G13044有关。工件磁化G7114，当磁场方G2533与G13582G19531延伸方G2533垂直G7114，G13582G19531处的漏磁场G7380G3835检测灵敏度G7380高；当磁场方G2533与G13582G19531延伸方G2533夹角为45度G7114，G13582G19531可G1209G7186G12046，但灵敏度G19489G1314；当磁场方G2533与G13582G19531延伸方G2533G5191G15904G7114，不G1147G10995磁G11177G7186G12046，发现不G1114G13582G19531。322选G6333磁化方法应G13783G15397的因G13044有工件的G4622G4556G3835G4579；工件的外形结G7512；工件的表面状G5589。并G7693G6466工件G17819G2447G7041G16022的情况和各G18108分的应G2159分G5079，分G7524可能G1147G10995G13582G19531的G18108G1313和方G2533，选G6333G2524G17878的磁化方法。323G2620G2533磁化方法G7693G6466工件的几何形状，G4622G4556G3835G4579和G8454发现G13582G19531方G2533G13792G3324工件G990建G12447的磁场方G2533，G4570磁化方法一G14336分为G2620G2533磁化、G13449G2533磁化和G3822G2533磁化G708复G2524磁化G709。G2620G2533磁化G7171G6363给工件直接G17902电，或者G1363电流流G17819G17155穿空G5527工件孔中的导G1319，G7100G3324工件中建G12447一G1022G10627G13481工件的并与工件G17736垂直的G2620G2533G19393G2524磁场，用G1122发现与工件G17736G5191G15904的G13449G2533G13582G19531，G2375与电流方G2533G5191G15904的G13582G19531。1G17736G2533G17902电法定G1053G29G3926G7536工件截面G7171G3290形，便G1147G10995G3290形磁场；G19283方形截面G2029G1147G10995G7937G3290形磁场；电流方G2533和磁场方G2533的关G13007G17993从G2503手定G2029另有直角G17902电和夹G19079G17902电法G17902电法G1147G10995G6183G9791烧伤的原因及预G19462G6526G7057。2中G5527导G1319法G708G14467棒法G709定G1053G7171G5875应磁化，可用G1122检查空G5527工件内、外表面与电流G5191G15904的G13449G2533不连续性和端面的G5464G2533不连续性。空G5527件用直接G17902电法不能检查内表面的不连续性，因为内表面的磁场强度为G19658；但用中G5527导G1319法能G7368G9177G7236G3332发现工件内表面的G13582G19531，由G1122内表面比外表面G1867有G7368G3835的磁场强度。3G1571置G14467棒法G17878用G1122中G5527导G1319法检G20576G7114，设备功G10587G17810不到的G3835G3423G10627和管子的检G20576。G1571置G14467棒法采用G17878当的电流G1552磁化，有G6940磁化范G3272约为导G1319直G5464G39的4G1505。检查G7114要G17728动工件，G1209检查G6984G1022G3290G2620，并要G1457G16789相G18063检查区G3507有10G8的重叠。4触头法G708G6915G7450法G709定G1053触头G19400G1732975200G80G80，两G8437应重叠25G80G80。G708G6365标准G709当触头G19400G17329为200G80G80G7114，G17902G1209800G36的G1144流电，G2029有G6940的磁化范G3272宽度约为G7083G47/8G143G47/8G709。G3324两触头的连G13459G990，G1147G10995的磁场强度G7380G3835，G5852G17840G12175该连G13459，磁场强度G5852G4579。324G13449G2533磁化方法1G714磁G17729法G6564G2331G2159应G3835G112245N，并用15/100或30/100的G36G3423试片进G15904G13520G2524性能试G20576。磁G17729磁化的G19400G17329应G6523制G332475G97200G80G80范G3272内，检测的有G6940区G3507为两G7509中G5527连G13459两G1403各50G80G80的范G3272内，磁化区G3