[通信电子精品] 风力、太阳能互补充电控制器设计 毕业设计

毕业设计（论文）风力、太阳能互补充电控制器设计学院信息科学技术学院专业姓名指导老师自动化学号职称教授A2A0A4XXXA5A6A7A6A8A1A3XXX毕业设计诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺我所呈交的毕业设计风力、太阳能互补充电控制器设计是在指导教师的指导下，独立开展研究和学习而取得的成果，文中引用他人的观点和材料，均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献，设计使用的数据真实可靠。承诺人签名日期年月日风力、太阳能互补充电控制器设计A9A9A9A10A11A12A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A21摘要本控制系统利用单片机以及模数转换蕊片对蓄电池端电压采集的信号进行转换和控制，对蓄电池电压采用ADC0804转换器进行实时电压信号检测并进行转换；AD转换器先将采集到的蓄电池电压信号模拟量转换成0255的数字量，再送往单片机STC89C52进行处理，89C52将信号分两路一路送往数码管上显示0255V，另一路信号89C52用比较程序较对出电压信号大小，例如我们设置充电电压上限为135V，放电电压下限设为115V，当89C52检测到蓄电池电压的数值大于135V时，89C52控制充电电路停止对蓄电池进行充电，充电电路断开，充电指示灯灭，放电电路正常工作；当电压降到13V时恢复对蓄电池充电；当89C52检测到的蓄电池电压信号小于115V时，89C52控制蓄电池停止对负载电路供电，负载电路断开，负载工作指示灯灭，充电电路正常工作，当电压升到12V时，放电电路继续恢复工作；在全部工作过程中，数码管始终显示当前电压数据值G452G3单片机系统G1867G7389G5224用G9801G8975，G1363用G7053G1427的G10317G9869，在以单片机为G7692G5527G7512成的G7246G14033控制系统G1075G1867G7389G1363用G7053G1427G451G2499升G13435G12573G10317G9869G452对蓄电池充电和放电的电压G7171G5529G20047G16213在G2475G11429测的前G6564下进行控制的，G993G14033对蓄电池过充电，G1075G993G14033过放电G452G11458前大G2163G10587的充电机一G14336G8821G7389充电G1457G6264G16025置，在充电过程中如G7536对蓄电池过充电G6122过放电G18129G1262G17908成电池的G6451G3363，当电池电压大于一G4462值G7171G16213停止充电，小于一G4462值时G16213停止放电，比如12V的G19097G18252蓄电池G7380G20652电压G993G14033G17241过135V，G7380G1314电压G993G14033G1314于115VG12573G452本系统G17836G2499以作为G2047的电压检测系统，G5224用G5203G8879，成本G1314G5277，G4445全G2499G19764，在G1457G16789蓄电池正常G4445全工作的前G6564下，G6177G2499以G4445全G7389G6940G3332利用G3838G19463G14033和G20130G14033对电池进行充电，实G10628G14270G9994G14033G9316的G6922集，G6922集的电G14033在蓄电池正常工作的前G6564下，G6177G2499以G5224用于G10995G8975中，另G3818G1075G2499G7693据G10995G8975的G19668G16213，G11464G6521进行利用，G6122G13785G17902过G17882G2476器G2476为220VG12573常G16280G5078电，为G7097常G4490用电器供电G452G3关键词STC89C52G3ADC0804G3检测G3充电G3放电THEDESIGNOFWIND,SOLARCOMPLEMENTARYCHARGINGCONTROLLERA22A22A22A23A24A25A25A26A27A28A29A30A31A32A33A34A34A34ABSTRACTTHECONTROLSYSTEMUSINGSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERANDMATCHESTHETABLETSINFREQUENCYFIELDCOLLECTEDSIGNALSBATTERYVOLTAGESWITCHESANDCONTROL,ADC0804CONVERTERFORBATTERYVOLTAGEUSINGREALTIMEVOLTAGESIGNALDETECTIONANDTRANSFORMATIONADCONVERTERFIRSTWILLTHECOLLECTEDBATTERYVOLTAGESIGNALANALOGCONVERSIONINTO0255THEDIGITALQUANTITY,ANDTHENSENTTOSINGLECHIP89C5289C52WILLSIGNALPROCESSING,THETWOWAYSTODISPLAYONALLDIGITALPIPE0,ANOTHERWAYSIGNALWHOIS255V89C52USECOMPARISONPROCEDURESFORTHEVOLTAGESIGNALSIZETHAN,FOREXAMPLE,WESETACAPOFRECHARGINGVOLTAGE135V,DISCHARGINGVOLTAGELIMITSETTO115V,WHEN89C52DETECTSTOREBATTERYVOLTAGEWHENTHEVALUESGREATERTHAN135V,89C52CONTROLCHARGINGCIRCUITFORBATTERYRECHARGINGRESERVOIRSTOP,CHARGINGCIRCUITDISCONNECT,CHARGINGINDICATORDESTROYWHEN89C52DETECTIONTOSTORETHEBATTERYVOLTAGESIGNAL,LESSTHAN115V89C52CONTROLSTOREINLOADCIRCUITPOWERBATTERYSTOP,LOADCIRCUITDISCONNECT,LOADWORKINGLIGHTSOUTINALLTHEWORKPROCESS,DIGITALTUBEALWAYSDISPLAYTHECURRENTVOLTAGEDATAVALUESSCMSYSTEMHASAPPLIEDTHECHARACTERISTICSOFNIMBLE,USECONVENIENT,INTHECORECOMPONENTSOFTHEMICROCOMPUTERASINTELLIGENTCONTROLSYSTEMISALSOHAVECONVENIENTUSE,CANUPGRADEETCCHARACTERISTICSFORBATTERYANDDISCHARGEINTHEVOLTAGEISMUSTBYMONITORINGONTHEPREMISEOFTHEBATTERY,UNABLETOCONTROLCHARGING,ALSOCANNOTPASSDISCHARGE,CURRENTLYHIGHPOWERCHARGERGENERALLYNOCHARGINGPROTECTIONDEVICE,DURINGCHARGINGIFTHEBATTERYCHARGINGANDDISCHARGINGWILLCAUSEDAMAGETOTHEBATTERY,WHENTHEBATTERYVOLTAGEISMORETHANACERTAINVALUEISTOSTOPCHARGING,LESSTHANCERTAINVALUETOSTOPDISCHARGING,SUCHASTHEHIGHESTVOLTAGE12VLEADACIDBATTERIESCANNOTEXCEED135V,MINIMUMVOLTAGECANNOTUNDER115V,ETCTHESYSTEMALSOCANSERVEASOTHERVOLTAGEDETECTIONSYSTEMANDWIDEAPPLICATION,LOWCOST,SAFETYANDRELIABILITY,ENSURETHENORMALSAFETYWORKBATTERYPREMISE,CANSAFELYANDEFFECTIVELYUSESOLARANDWINDPOWERBATTERYCHARGING,TOREALIZETHENATURALENERGYCOLLECTION,COLLECTIONOFELECTRICITYINTHEPREMISEOFBATTERYNORMALWORK,JUSTCANBEAPPLIEDTOLIFE,ALSOCANACCORDINGTOLIFENEEDS,DIRECTLY,ORTHROUGHTHEINVERTERUSINGCONVENTIONALUTILITY,A220VPOWERSUPPLYFOREVERYDAYHOUSEHOLDAPPLIANCESA35A35A35A36A37A38A38A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A47A48KEYWORDSSTC89C52ADC0804DETECTIONCHARGINGDISCHARG目录A49A49A49A50A51A52A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A60A61摘要IIABSTRACTIII目录IV1绪论111控制器基本介绍112课题的提出及意义213研究背景214研究目标和研究内容32课题设计相关理论知识521太阳能电池板5211太阳能电池板概述5212太阳能电池板工作原理522风力发电机工作原理623铅蓄电池基本结构和工作原理724三端稳压集成电路LM78059241LM7805概述9242LM7805引脚图及稳压电路图介绍1025A/D转换器ADC080412251ADC0804工作原理概述12252ADC0804引脚说明13253ADC0804转换器的工作时序13254AD转换器的设计接口电路图14A49A49A49A50A51A52A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A60A61A6226STC89C5215261STC89C52概述15262时钟电路16263复位及复位电路173系统设计方案2131设计要求及主要指标2132设计方案的特点214系统设计的实现2241系统设计的原理2242系统硬件设计22421STC89C52工作电路的设计22422电源电路23423A/D转换器ADC080423424ADC蓄电池电压电路的设计24425继电器控制电路25426开关和电源指示灯25427充电电路26428译码电路2643系统软件设计27431单片机STC89C52系列简介27432七段码显示G12255序27433G5322时G12255序27A49A49A49A50A51A52A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A60A61A62A62434G6980码显示G2001G698028435A/D转换G12255序28436G2001G6980G3780明29437主G2001G698029438G46G72G76G79C51软件介绍30G2454G13783G7003G1049834G19480G541735G16886G1777840A49A49A49A50A51A52A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A6011绪论11控制器基本介绍本控制器用于对蓄电池的充放电过程进行科学合理的控制，当充电过程中蓄电池电压高于正常工作电压上限时则需控制充电电路停止对蓄电池充电，防止蓄电池的过度充电；当使用过程中蓄电池电压低于正常工作电压下限时，控制器控制蓄电池对外放电，即断开负载电路，具体如下整个电路工作以蓄电池端电压的采集为开始，采用ADC0804模数转换器对蓄电池进行实时电压采集检测并进行模数转换。转换器先将采集到的电池电压模拟量信号转换成数字量，再送往单片机STC89C52进行处理；STC89C52收集到信号后再将信号分两路一路送往在数码管上显示0255V，另一路信号89C52用比较程序较对出电压信号大小区间范围，设置充电电压上限为135V，放电电压下限设为115V，G20330先，当89C52检测到蓄电池电压的数G1552大于135V时，89C52控制充电电路停止对蓄电池进行充电，充电电路断开，充电G6363示G9795G9793，放电电路正常工作，当电压G19489到13V时G5686G3809对蓄电池充电；G1866G8437，当89C52检测到的蓄电池信号小于115V时，89C52控制蓄电池停止对负载电路G1391电，负载电路断开，负载工作G6363示G9795G9793G15充电电路正常工作，当电压G2331到12V时，放电电路G13499G13505G5686G3809工作；在G1852G18108工作过程中，数码管始G13468显示蓄电池当G2081电压数G6466G1552。控制器G3534本工作G8981程G3282如下A63A52A64A52A65A66A67A68A54A69A70A71A72A63A73A74A75A76A77A75A78A/DA79A80A67A81A82A83A84A85A86A87A88A89A90A91A92STC89C52A85A86A87A93A90A94A95A96A81A82A90A97A98A99A100A74A75A76A101A102A75A78A103A104A72A105A103A104A83A88A89A106A107A65A66A108A109A110A111A75A75A112A113A96A85A86A87A114A89A115A106A107A108A109A49A49A49A50A51A52A52A53A54A55A56A57A58A59A60212课题的提出及意义G993管G7171G3838G19463G14033充电G17836G7171G20130G14033充电，如G7536G7171将采集到的电G14033G11464G6521G13485蓄电池充电，G3355G1262对G13454电池G1147G10995G5468大的G6451G3363，G1017G18337G13565G11713蓄电池G4563G2641，G13792G1000G6164采集的G3838G19463G14033G2656G20130G14033G12573G3252G1866G993G12295G4462G12573G3252G13044，电压G1075G1262时高时低，如G7536G8821G13475过控制器进行管理G11429控的G16817，G7509G7143G17908成蓄电池的G6451G3363G10990G14279G11263G11198，G993G14033G2469G6393G4439的电G14033采集作用。本G7003中的G20130G14033G451G3838G19463G14033G1126G15929充电控制器G4613G7171为G1114合理G2045用G17837G1135G2499再G10995G17176G9316G13792设G16757的。G13007G13491G17902过单片机控制电路对G19097蓄电池的充放电进行G11429控，以G17810到对充放电电路的实时控制，对整个工作过程进行科学G3332G11429控管理，以G17810到G19097蓄电池的高G6940蓄电G2656高G6940G2045用。当蓄电池低于正常工作电压时，G13499G13505放电将G1262G17908成对电池本G17535的G6451G3363，G1955G11713蓄电池的使用G4563G2641，G19489低G4439的G13475G8994G6940G11422，于G7171G17837个时G1517控制器G16213对G1866实G7057停止放电控制，以G1457G6264G3921蓄电池；当蓄电池高于电压上限时，G13499G13505充电G1262G17908成电池的G20293G2656，G4560G14280电池G6451G3363，G8504时控制器需G16213G2469出G6363G1208控制电路停止对蓄电池进行充电，以G1457G6264电路G2656蓄电池13研究背景G3838G19463G14033G7171G7380G18337G16213的G2499再G10995G14033G9316G1055一，G2474G1055G993G4625G451用G1055G993G12481，对G10627G3671G8821G7389G1231G1321G8757G7591。G3838G19463G14033G1821G1251G708PVG709G451G3838G19463G14033G13870G1821G9921G2469电G708CSPG709G2656G3838G19463G14033G9921G2045用G5062成为G1002界G3838G19463G14033G2045用的三大G9921点。欧洲G1821G1251工业协G1262G708EPIAG709G2469布报告认为，G1852球G1821G1251市场的G2081途G7171G1821明的。G1852球G1821G1251市场在2009年增加设置G14033力64GW，G17810到超过20GW。2009年G1821G1251G14033力G993断提高，尤G1866G1208人印象深刻的G7171，G17837G7171在困难的财政G2656G13475G8994情况下实现的。2010年，G1852球累G16757G1821G1251设置量预G16757将G14279少增长40，G13792G1852年的增速预G16757超过15。EPIA预测，G1852球G1821G1251市场到2014年将G17810到30GW。预测表明，从现在G14279未来的10年中，即G142792020年，G1821G1251规模G2499望G1781080160GW。在未来10年内，G1002界各G3332G6164使用的电力的3G2499望来自G3838G19463G14033。G3838G19463G14033G13870G1821G9921G2469电G708CSPG709G1075面临G2469展机遇，2009年设置CSPG14033力为679MW，建设中的项目超过2000MW。G7389关G1852球CSP工业的报告G6363出美国G7171G7380大的市场，占市场份额63，G1866G8437G7171西班牙，占32，G17837两大市场将G1262在今后10年内G13499G13505起G18337G16213作用，进一步增长的市场预G16757在中东G2656北非，中国G1075G7389G2469展G2081景。另外，G20130G14033G1075G7171G9316G9316G993断断的G2499再G10995G14033G9316G1055一，从远古人类钻木G2474火开始，各种G14033G9316G4613一G11464G7171人类G7003明G2469展的“血液”。从20G1002纪G1852球G10627G3671运动兴起，G17176G9316的G2499持G13505G2045用G4613G5062成为一个G18337G16213的议题。人类社G1262G2469展的历史往往与G14033G9316的开G2469G2656G2045用水平密切相关。每一G8437新型G14033G9316的开G2469都使人类G13475G8994的G2469展G1147G10995质的飞跃。煤炭作为一种G993G2499再G10995G17176G9316，燃烧一吨G4613消失一吨，同时G17836将向大气排放大量的二氧化硫。G3332球上的石油G451天然气，G17837G1135G12227蓄G1114G1171G987年的化石G14033G9316，G13475过数G11346G987年的G5052大消G13803，G7380G13468将G993G2499G17882转G3332G17247向G7555G12481。电力G451A116A116A116A117A118A119A119A120A121A122A123A124A125A126A1273煤炭G451石油G12573G14033G9316G11713G13582，正在G7097G11422成为制G13434G16780G3822国G4490G13475G8994G2469展的“G10954G20060”。G3252G8504，充分G2045用水力G451G20130G14033G12573G2499再G10995G17176G9316G2469电G6177G12538合G5502G10627G13475G8994的G2045用G2419则。G3252G8504，国内外的G16780G3822科学G4490预G16340，G19555G11540化石G14033G9316时G1207的G13468G13479G2656新G7003明的到来，G993用G11346年，G20130G14033G451G3838G19463G14033G12573G2499再G10995的G9177G8917G14033G9316将成为G1852G1002界的一种G18337G16213G14033G9316。G20130G14033G7171G3332球“与G10995G1477来”的G1028G4512G17176G9316，加G5567G2045用G20130G14033G5062成为G1852球G14033G9316界的G1861G16794。A128A119A129A117A130A131A132A133A134A135A136A137A138200G25年1G73881G7097，G19555G11540G457G2499再G10995G14033G9316G8873G458的正G5347实G7057，G6593开G1114G14033G9316新G20058G3507的历史G12699G12468，预示G11540G6117国G2499再G10995G14033G9316将进G1849一个G5567速G2469展时G7411，对G2499再G10995G14033G9316的G2045用起到G1114G6524G8886G2173G9584的作用，为G20130电G12573G1147业的G2469展G5114来G1114新的机遇。目G2081，大规模G2045用G20130G14033G451G3838G19463G14033G12573G2499再G10995G14033G9316G5062成为G1002界各国的G18337G16213G17885G6333。G20130G14033G7171G2499再G10995G14033G9316中G2469展G7380G5567的G9177G8917G14033G9316，G1075G7171G7380具G7389大规模开G2469G2656G2842业化G2469展G2081景的G2469电G7053G5347，G2081景G2325分美G3921。开G2469G2499再G10995G14033G9316与提高G14033G9316使用G6940G10587相G13479合，将对G1852球G13475G8994G2469展G451G16311G1927G17151困人G2487的G14033G9316G19394题G451G1955少G9213G4472气体排放G12573G1582出G18337大G17141G10498。14研究目标和研究内容研究目标G2045用本G8437的控制器设G16757，以G17810到理G16782与实G17353相G1126G13479合的目的，G16765G6117G1216G7368G3921G3332G451G7368G1852面G3332G6496G6581电路分G7524G451模拟电G4388G6228G7427G2656数字电G4388G6228G7427G12573G3534G11796G11705G16794，并G6178实G3332G6496G6581单片机G451AG18D转换器G12573G999业G11705G16794G2656G6228G14033；G3533G1871自G5061G10432G12447分G7524G2656处理G19394题的G14033力。A139A139A139A140A141A142A142A143A144A145A146A147A148A149A1504研究内容1G451G1114G16311G19097蓄电池G2462G1866G2419理；2G451G11840G1226电路的设G16757；3G451G2045用单片机实现对G11840G1226电路工作的实时G11429控；4G451G2045用ADC0804模数转换控制器实现电压模拟信号到数字信号的转换；5G451G13479G7475G1147G2709的G11840G1226G13479G7512设G16757G2656G17731G1226模G3371G16855G16809，G4448成G17837G8437的作G2709A151A151A151A152A153A154A154A155A156A157A158A159A160A161A16252课题设计相关理论知识21太阳能电池板211太阳能电池板概述G3838G19463G14033电池G7507G11013G14521G5190个G3838G19463G14033电池G13464G1226G6365一G4462G7053G5347G13464G16025在一G3371G7507上的G13464G16025G1226，G1039G16213G7171G11013G11801G451G11787化G19239G451G11814G19123G19120G12573G7460G7021制成，G4439G1216的G2469电G2419理G3534本相同。以G7242体G11801为G1375，当G3838G19463G10043G4568到G7242体G11801表面时，一G18108分G1821分G4388的G14033量G1262G15999G11801G2419G4388G2572收，使G2419G4388内的电G4388G2469G10995跃G17813，从G13792在G7460G7021内G18108G5430成一G4462的电G1313G5058，G17837样G1821G14033G4613转化为电G14033蓄存G1114起来。当G3838G19463G14033电池G6521G17902电路时，电压G4613G2499以G1147G10995电G8981G8981过外G18108电路G1114。G3838G19463G14033电池G7507G7171G3838G19463G14033G2469电G13007G13491中的核心G18108分，G1075G7171G3838G19463G14033G2469电G13007G13491中价G1552G7380高的G18108分。G1866作用G7171将G3838G19463G14033转化为电G14033，或送往蓄电池中存储起来，或G6524动负载工作。G3838G19463G14033电池G7507的质量G2656成本将G11464G6521G1927G4462整个G2469电G13007G13491的质量G2656成本。212太阳能电池板工作原理G3838G19463G1821G10043在半G4560体PNG13479上，G5430成新的空穴电G4388对，在PNG13479电场的作用下，空穴G11013N区G8981向P区，电G4388G11013P区G8981向N区，G6521G17902电路后G4613G5430成电G8981。G17837G4613G7171G1821电G6940应G3838G19463G14033电池的工作G2419理。G3838G19463G14033G2469电G7053G5347G3838G19463G14033G2469电G7389两种G7053G5347，一种G7171G1821G9921电转换G7053G5347，另一种G7171G1821电G11464G6521转换G7053G5347。G7081G709G1821G9921电转换G7053G5347G17902过G2045用G3838G19463辐G4568G1147G10995的G9921G14033G2469电，一般G7171G11013G3838G19463G14033集G9921器将G6164G2572收的G9921G14033转换成工质的蒸气，再驱动汽轮机G2469电。G2081一个过程G7171G1821G9921转换过程；后一个过程G7171G9921电转换过程，与普G17902的火力G2469电一样G3838G19463G14033G9921G2469电的G13582点G7171G6940G10587G5468低G13792成本G5468高，估G16757G4439的投G17176G14279少G16213比普G17902火电站贵510倍一座1000MW的G3838G19463G14033G9921电站需G16213投G171762025G1171美元，平G33551KW的投G17176为20002500美元。G3252G8504，目G2081只G14033小规模G3332应用于特殊的场合，G13792大规模G2045用在G13475G8994上G5468G993合算，G17836G993G14033与普G17902的火电站或核电站相竞争。G7082G709G1821电G11464G6521转换G7053G5347该G7053G5347G7171G2045用G1821电G6940应，将G3838G19463辐G4568G14033G11464G6521转换成电G14033，G1821电转换的G3534本G16025置G4613G7171G3838G19463G14033电池。G3838G19463G14033电池G7171一种G11013于G1821G10995G1251特G6940应G13792将G3838G19463G1821G14033G11464G6521转化为电G14033的器G1226，G7171一个半G4560体G1821电二G7509管，当G3838G19463G1821G10043到G1821电二G7509管上时，G1821电二G7509管G4613G1262把G3838G19463的G1821G14033变成电G14033，G1147G10995电G8981。当G16780G3822个电池串联或并联起来G4613G2499以成为G7389比较大的输出功G10587的G3838G19463G14033电池G7053阵G1114。G3838G19463G14033电池G7171一种大G7389G2081途的新型电G9316，具G7389永久性G451G9177G8917性G2656灵活性三大优点G3838G19463G14033电池G4563G2641长，只G16213G3838G19463存在，G3838G19463G14033电池G4613A151A151A151A152A153A154A154A155A156A157A158A159A160A161A1626G2499以一G8437投G17176G13792长G7411使用。与火力G2469电G451核G14033G2469电相比，G3838G19463G14033电池G993G1262引起G10627G3671G8757G7591；G3838G19463G14033电池G2499以大中小并举，大到G11346G987千瓦的中型电站，小到只G1391一户用的G3838G19463G14033电池G13464，G17837G7171G1866G4439电G9316无G8873比拟的。22风力发电机工作原理现G1207G20130力G2469电机采用空气动力学G2419理，G4613像飞机的机翼一样。G20130并非G6524动G20130轮叶片，G13792G7171吹过叶片G5430成叶片正反面的压G5058，G17837种压G5058G1262G1147G10995G2331力，G1208G20130轮旋转并G993断横切G20130G8981。内力G2469电机的G20130轮并G993G14033提G2474G20130的G6164G7389功G10587，根G6466BETZG4462律，理G16782上电机G14033够提G2474的G7380大功G10587，G7171G20130的功G10587的596。大G3822数G20130电机只G14033提G2474G20130的功G10587的40或者G7368少。G20130力G2469电机G1039G16213包含三G18108分G20130轮G451机舱G2656塔杆。A16321A164A165A166A167A168A169A170A171A172A163G20130力G2469电机G2045用G20130力G5114动G20130车叶片旋转，再透过增速机将旋转的速度提G2331，来促使G2469A173A173A173A174A175A176A176A177A170A178A179A180A181A182A1837电机G2469电。把G20130G14033转变为电G14033G7171G20130G14033G2045用中G7380G3534本的一种G7053G5347。G20130力G2469电机一般G7389G20130轮G451G2469电机G708包括G16025置G709G451G16855向器G708尾翼G709G451塔架G451限速安G1852机G7512G2656蓄G14033G16025置G12573G7512G1226G13464成超低速G20130力G2469电机为一G11013转动盘G451固G4462盘G451G20130轮叶片G451固G4462轮G451G12447竿G451集电G10627盘G451舵杆G451尾舵G2656G17882变器G13464成的G13007G13491。转动盘G2656固G4462盘G7512成该G13007G13491的G2469电机，G17882变器包括50赫正弦G8886振荡器G451整G5430电路G451低压输出电路G2656倒相G6524挽电路。G20130力G2469电机G3252G20130量G993G12295G4462，故G1866输出的G71711325V变化的交G8981电，须G13475充电器整G8981，再对蓄电G10954充电，使G20130力G2469电机G1147G10995的电G14033变成化学G14033。再用G7389G1457G6264电路的G17882变电G9316，把化学G14033转变成220V市电，G6177G14033G1457证G12295G4462使用。G17902常人G1216认为，G20130力G2469电的功G10587G4448G1852G11013G20130力G2469电机的功G10587G1927G4462，总想G17885购大一点的G20130力G2469电机，G1866实G17837G7171G993正确的。目G2081的G20130力G2469电机只G7171G13485电G10954充电，G13792G11013电G10954把电G14033贮存起来，人G1216G7380G13468使用电功G10587的大小与电G10954大小G7389G7368密切的关G13007。功G10587的大小G7368G1039G16213G2474G1927于G20130量的大小，G13792G993仅G7171机头功G10587的大小。在内G3332，小的G20130力G2469电机G1262比大的G7368合适。G3252为G4439G7368容G7143G15999小G20130量G5114动G13792G2469电，持G13505G993断的小G20130，G1262比一时狂G20130G7368G14033G1391G13485较大的G14033量。当无G20130时人G1216G17836G2499以正常使用G20130力G5114来的电G14033，G1075G4613G7171说一台200WG20130力G2469电机G1075G2499以G17902过大电G10954与G17882变器的配合使用，获得500WG10990G142791000W乃G14279G7368大的功G10587出23铅蓄电池基本结构和工作原理G19097蓄电池SEALEDRECHARGEABLEBATTERY常用的充电电池除G1114G19158电池G1055外，G19097G18252电池G1075G7171非常G18337G16213的一个电池G13007G13491。G1306G1866体G12227G2656G18337量一G11464无G8873获得G7389G6940的G6925G2904，G3252G8504目G2081G7380常G16277G17836G7171使用在汽车G451G6717G6188车G2469动G1055上。G19097G18252电池G7380大的G6925G14403，则G7171新G17829采用高G6940G10587氧气G18337G13464G6228G7427G4448成水份再G10995，G1523G8504G17810到G4448G1852密G4565G993需加水的目的，G13792制成的“G1825加水电池”G1866G4563G2641G2499长G178104年单一G7509G7507电压2V。特点G19097蓄电池的优点G7171放电时电动G2195较G12295G4462，G13582点G7171比G14033量G708单G1313G18337量G6164蓄电G14033G709小，对G10627G3671G14116G15444性G5390。G19097蓄电池的工作电压平G12295G451使用G9213度G2462使用电G8981范围G4497G451G14033充放电数G11346个G5502G10627G451贮存性G14033G3921G708尤G1866适于G5190G5347G14667电贮存G709G451G17908价较低，应用G5203G8879。A184A185A186A185A187A188A189A190A191A184A192A193A193A193A185A194A195A195A196A197A198A199A200A201A202A2038G19097G18252蓄电池充G451放电化学反应的G2419理G7053程G5347如下正G7509G51BG502G142EG14SG5042G144G43G14G32G32G51BSG504G142G432G50负G7509G51B2EG14SG5042G32G32G51BSG504总反应G51BG502G142G432SG504G14G51BG32G322G51BSG504G142G432G50A20421A187A188A189A190A191A205A206A207A208A204A209A210A211A212A213A214A215A216A217A218A219A220A221A220A221A222A187A186A223A186A224A225A226A227A228A229A230A231A232A233A187A222A234A207A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A242A243A244A245A246A247A248A249A237A250A251A252A253A242A243A254A255A119A0A1A252A122A2A122A2A3A4A17A95A17A96A5A6A7A8A254A101A102A9A10A11A12A13A14A15A16A18A237A238A239A240A241A242A243A244A245A246A247A248A249A237A250A251A252A253A242A243A254A255A119A0A1A252A128A8A129A19A241A20A21A22A133A23A24A128A8A237A250A252A136A25A254A138A26A27A2A28A122A2A29A30A142A128A8A31A248A32A33A34A35A36A37A12A13A254A150A38A39A249A40A41A15A42A43A44A142A20A22A80A45A46A47A48A237A250A14A15A16A18A49A50A160A51A241A252A136A25A138A26A27A122A2A29A30A237A250A252A136A25A138A26A14A15A16A18A52A252A2A53A54A55A165A252A136A25A150A252A253A241A252A40A41A49A50A249A254A38A39A56A3A252A136A25A57A58A59A60A247A252A60A42A150A252A253A27A122A2A14A15A16A18A246A115A61A171A62A63A64A60A150A65A46A66A67A68A69A70A254A171A62A63A64A60A3A133A71A72A183A73A185A74A252A253A27A122A2A75A5A7A8A1A76A241A188A246A189A46A239A240A241A77A78A79A81A82A83A84A252A253A101A85A86A87A197A88A89A90A18A3A189A46A91A18A92A39A63A93A94A40A241A5A97A98A99A142A207A11A89A249A46A100A103A210A104A98A99A105A97A241A106A107A108A109A110A89A252A253A101A86A111A48A27A1